Chapter 11
Section 4
Armies Clash at Gettysburg
 Prelude to Gettysburg:
 1863- Confederacy gains confidence after defeating the
North at Chancellorsville.
 Confederate Gen. Lee outmaneuvered Union Gen.
Joseph Hooker
 Lee now believes that he can invade the Union and force
Abraham Lincoln to withdraw troops farther north.
 Lee pushed all the way into Pennsylvania…
Armies Clash at Gettysburg
 Gettysburg (Day 1)
 Confederate and Union armies clash north and west of
the town of Gettysburg.
 Confederate troops able to push Union soldiers out of
the town
 However Union troops occupied the high ground to the
South of Gettysburg (Cemetery Ridge)
 Lee knew that the battle wasn’t won until the
Confederates forced the Union off the ridge.
Armies Clash at Gettysburg
 Day 2
 Lee orders Confederate troops to attack Cemetery Hill
 Union troops had left Little Round Top undefended
 Union Col. Chamberlain took his Maine troops and
rushed to defend it
 After repeated attacks, low on ammo and men
Chamberlain ordered a bayonet charge
 Confederate troops tired on marching up hill in extreme
hear surrendered in groves.
 Chamberlain saved the Union lines from being
bombarded with Confederate artillery.
Armies Clash at Gettysburg
 Day 3
 Confederate and Union armies exchanged artillery fire
for hours
 When Union artillery silenced Gen. Lee sent his men
straight into the middle of Union forces
 As the Confederate forces neared the Union artillery
continued
 The aggressive attack of the Confederacy back-fired
 Lee was forced to march his men back to Virginia
 Lee would never attempt to invade the Union again
Gettysburg Address
 November 1863
 Ceremony held to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg
 Edward Everett, a noted orator, spoke for over two hours
 President Lincoln spoke for just over two minutes


Lincoln’s speech “remade America”
“Before the war people said, ‘The United States are.’ After
Lincoln’s speech people said, ‘The United States is.’ “
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent
a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that
all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can
long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come
to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who
here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and
proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...we
can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can
never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have
thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure
of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have
died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of
freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.
The Confederacy Wears Down
 Loses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg decimated
Confederate forces
 Confederacy could now only hope to hang on long
enough to break Union morale and force a armistice;
instead of surender
 Running low on food, shoes, uniforms, guns, and
munitions people of the South began to ask for an end
to the hostilities
Confederacy Wears Down
 Confederate Morale
 Support of the war deteriorated over time
 Farmers were asked to grow less cash crops and more
food

Taxes forced them to give up portions of their live stock and
produce
 Many Southern states had soldiers desert the army and
fight for the Union
 States openly held peace meetings

Even though the motions failed the fact they existed spelled
disaster for the Confederacy
Confederacy Wears Down
 Sherman’s March
 William Tecumseh Sherman given command of the
Mississippi military division
 Started in Atlanta in 1864- Burned Atlanta and marched to
the ocean burning EVERYTHING in his path


Sherman believed in total war- destroy all military and civilian
property
Make the South “so sick of war that generations would pass away
before they would again appeal to it” –Sherman
 As Sherman headed North to help finish off Lee, destroyed
South Carolina even worse than Georgia
 However; as he approached North Carolina he began handing
out food and other supplies. Why?
Confederacy Wears Down
 The Surrender at Appomattox:
 Late March 1865, clear that the Confederacy was nearly lost
 Gen. Grant, Sheridan, and Sherman were all approaching
Richmond, VA (Confed. capital)
 President Davis flees the capital and burns it down to keep it
from falling to the Union
 April 9th 1865, Lee and Grant meet at Appomattox Court
House to arrange Confederate surrender.
 Lincoln allowed Lee’s soldiers to go home with their personal
possessions, horses, and food
 The Civil War finally ended.