MOBILE NETWORKING
SYSTEM
ISEM 3410
Telecommunications and Networking
Group 4
10000593 Chan Chun Yin
11002417 Choi Man Hei
11015780 Wong Wai Mei
Agenda
• 1. Mobile usage phenomena
• 2. Mobile networking system concept
• 3. Case: Yahoo! HK
• 4. Transformation from 1G to 4G
• 5. Advantage of 3G/4G
• 6. Disadvantage of 3G/4G
• 7. Application
• 8. Future expectation
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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1. Mobile usage phenomena (1/4)
• Asia – World leader
• Mobile data consumption = 659 MB/month
• up by 10% in the last 6 months
• North America
• Internet data usage is up by 120%
• Europe
• YouTube represents more than 20% of peak period
downstream traffic on mobile networks
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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1. Mobile usage
phenomena (2/4)
Phone checking
>6 per hour
• <18: 58%
• 18-30: 52%
• 31-40: 45%
Phone purpose
• Whatsapp: 35%
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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1. Mobile usage
phenomena (3/4)
• Whatsapp trend
makes people
feel
uncomfortable
without phones.
• Checking
phones >30
times even in
washroom
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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Interesting Fact (4/4)
• 87% American adults who own a cell phone
• 84% Cell phone owners who could not go a single day
without their device
• 81% Growth of smartphone usage in 2012
• 70% Growth of global mobile data traffic in 2012
• 51% Traffic on mobile devices from video in 2012
• 45% American adults who own a smartphone
• 44% Cell phone owners who have slept with their
phone nearby because they didn’t want to miss a
notification
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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2. Mobile networking system concept (1/2)
• Mobile phone = portable telephone  receives or makes
calls through a cell site/base station/transmitting tower.
• Digital cellular technologies:
• Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),
• General Packet Radio Service (GPRS),
• cdmaOne, CDMA2000,
• Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO),
• Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE),
• Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS),
• Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT),
• Digital AMPS (IS-136/TDMA),
• Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN).
• Cell phone = Mobile phone
• Cell - Radio frequencies = limited, shared resource.
• Achieve both coverage and capacity for their subscribers
• Cell site range: ~ ½ mile, (Rural areas ~5 miles)
• Satellite phones
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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2. Mobile networking system concept –
Structure (2/2)
•
•
•
•
A network of radio base stations forming the base station subsystem.
The core circuit switched network for handling voice calls and text
A packet switched network for handling mobile data
The public switched telephone network to connect subscribers to the wider
telephony network
• This network is the foundation of the GSM system network. There are many
functions that are performed by this network in order to make sure
customers get the desired service including mobility management,
registration, call set up, and handover.
• Any phone connects to the network via an RBS (Radio Base Station) at a
corner of the corresponding cell which in turn connects to the Mobile
switching center (MSC). The MSC provides a connection to the public
switched telephone network (PSTN). The link from a phone to the RBS is
called an uplink while the other way is termed downlink.
• Radio channels effectively use the transmission medium through the use of
the following multiplexing & access schemes: frequency division multiple
access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), code division multiple
access (CDMA), and space division multiple access (SDMA).
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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3. Case:
Yahoo!HK (1/2)
Working at
Yahoo!HK
• Enjoy free
smartphone
• Can choose any
kind of
smartphone and
Yahoo!HK is
responsible for
the bill
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3. Case: Yahoo!HK (2/2)
• Why Yahoo!HK is offer smartphones to employee?
• Yahoo!HK is developing the Mobile Platform
• Experience as an end user in order to know more
what they really need
• 24 hours on call (No excuse not receiving calls/emails)
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (1/6)
• 1st Generation
• AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
• analog signals + dynamically assigned channels
Limitations:
• no support for encryption,
• poor sound quality
• inefficient use of the spectrum
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (2/6)
• 2nd Generation
• Referred as PCS (Personal Communication Systems)
• 2G technologies can be divided into:
• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)-based
• Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-based
The main 2G standards:
• GSM(Global System for Mobile Communications)
• CDMA
• NA-TDMA(North American TDMA)
• D-AMPS(digital AMPS)
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G(3/6)
• 2.5th Generation
2G-systems implemented a packet-switched domain +
circuit-switched domain
2.5G technologies:
-High Speed circuit switched data (HSCSD)
-General packet Radio Service (GPRS),
-Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution (EDGE)
used for WAP, SMS & MMS services, Internet access
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (4/6)
• 3rd Generation
Main technologies:
• UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications
System) – also called Wideband CDMA
• In the US, CDMA2000
• In China Time Division-Synchronous Code Division
Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA).
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (5/6)
• 4th Generation
• two technologies are supposed to be the
based features of 4G:
• WiMAX
WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability of
Microwave Access previously worked as fixed wireless
facility under the 802.16e band. Now the modified
standard 802.16m has been developed with the
properties of speed, wide spectrum, and increase band.
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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4. Transformation from 1G to 4G (6/6)
• LTE Advanced
• IMT-Advanced standard, formally submitted by
the 3GPP organization to
• target is to reach and surpass the ITU
requirements.
• an enhancement to LTE.
• improvement on the existing LTE network
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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5. Advantages of Cellular Networks (1/1)
flexible enough to use the features and functions
of almost all public and private networks
increased capacity
reduced power use
larger coverage area
reduced interference from other signals
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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6. Limitations Of Cellular Networks (1/1)
oWireless Access Medium
oLimited Bandwidth
oSystem Complexity
oLimited Power
oLimited Processing Power
oRelatively Unreliable Network Connection
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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8. Future expectation (1/6)
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8. Future expectation (2/6)
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8. Future expectation - 5G Technology (3/6)
• 5th Generation Mobile technology
• Use cell phones within very high bandwidth
• All type of advanced features which makes 5G
mobile technology most powerful and in huge
demand in near future
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (4/6)
• High resolution for crazy cell phone user and bidirectional large bandwidth shaping.
• The advanced billing interfaces more attractive and
effective.
• Providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
• Avoid error
• Large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supporting almost 65,000 connections.
• Transporter class gateway with unparalleled
consistency.
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (5/6)
• The traffic statistics  more accurate.
• Remote management  a user can get better and fast
solution.
• Remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
• Providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
• Support virtual private network.
• All delivery service out of business prospect
• The uploading and downloading speed of 5G technology
touching the peak.
• Offering enhanced and available connectivity just about the
world
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8. Future expectation - Feature of 5G (5/6)
• Application to Yahoo!HK
• Main purpose: Interconnection between employers
and employees
• Application to general public:
• Main purpose: Whatsapp
• If they could have used a faster, safer networking
system, things would have gone even better.
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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THE END
Q&A TIME
ISEM 3410 Telecommunications and Networking
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