Types of Sentences
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use
correct and varied sentence types and
sentence openings to present a lively and
effective personal style.
Kinds of Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a
complete thought. There are 4 types of sentences.
Declarative Sentence – Makes a statement and ends with a
period.
Interrogative Sentence – Asks a question and ends with a
question mark.
Imperative Sentence – Makes a command or a request and
ends with a period.
Exclamatory Sentence – Expresses strong feeling and ends
with an exclamation point.
Kinds of Sentences
Example 1:
Declarative Sentences
It would be prudent to buckle your seatbelt.
Mr. Guillen is a conscientious teacher.
Example 2:
Interrogative Sentences
What time will you embark on your trip?
Do you think the Dodger loss will rankle Mr. Shipes?
Kinds of Sentences
Example 3:
Imperative Sentences
Mary, find us a serene spot on the beach.
Do your best work and don’t lackadaisical about it.
Example 4:
Exclamatory Sentences
You should have seen the teacher rebuke the audacious
student at the assembly today!
Bobby got into big trouble for trying to pilfer Mr. Yang’s
Snickers bars!
Kinds of Sentences
Check for Understanding
Choose the correct sentence type.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Declarative Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Answer:
C
Kinds of Sentences
Check for Understanding
Did you see how slovenly she was dressed today?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Declarative Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Answer:
B
Kinds of Sentences
Check for Understanding
The principal had to confiscate her phone!
A.
B.
C.
D.
Declarative Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Answer:
D
Kinds of Sentences
Check for Understanding
I had an inkling the Dodgers would win because the
Cardinals made a profusion of errors.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Declarative Sentence
Interrogative Sentence
Imperative Sentence
Exclamatory Sentence
Answer:
A
Kinds of Sentences
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 through 4 on Page 1 – Workbook Plus
Raise your hand
Wait for stamp
Independent Practice
Do numbers 5 through 16 on Page 1
If you finish early, do the Challenge exercise on Page 2
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use
correct and varied sentence types and
sentence openings to present a lively and
effective personal style.
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
In order to express a complete thought, a sentence
must have two parts, a subject and a predicate.
 The subject tells whom or what the sentence is about.
 The predicate tells what the subject is, does, has, or feels.
 The complete subject includes a noun or a pronoun and
the words and phrases that describe it.
 The complete predicate contains a verb or a verb phrase
and all the words that complete its meaning.
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
Examples:
Subject
Predicate
Fish
swim.
Artists
depict wonderful landscapes.
The audacious sailors
will mutiny against the captain.
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
Modeling
Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete
predicate.
The teacher will confiscate all calculators before the test.
The students enjoyed the serene park.
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
Check for Understanding
Draw a line between the complete subject and the complete
predicate.
1. The mutiny occurred on the open sea.
2. The prudent student packed a nutritious lunch.
3. The conscientious teacher will provide a profusion of
questions.
Complete Subjects and
Complete Predicates
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 and 2 on Page 3.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Do numbers 3 through 10 on Page 3.
If you finish early, do the Challenge exercise on Page 4.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use
correct and varied sentence types and
sentence openings to present a lively and
effective personal style.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Input
The simple subject is the key word or words in the complete
subject. The simple subject tells whom or what the sentence is
about and is usually a noun or a pronoun.
Examples:
The conscientious doctor gave the patient a thorough exam.
simple subject
The Queen Mary embarked from the port in Liverpool.
simple subject
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Input
The simple predicate is the key word or words in the complete
predicate. The simple predicate tells what the subject is, does,
has, or feels. The simple predicate is always either a verb or a
verb phrase.
Examples:
The conscientious doctor gave the patient a thorough exam.
simple predicate
The Queen Mary embarked from the port in Liverpool.
simple predicate
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Modeling
Underline the simple subject in the following sentences.
1.President Obama rebuked Congress for the budget crisis.
President Obama rebuked Congress for the budget crisis.
2.The pitcher was rankled by his team’s loss on Friday night.
The pitcher was rankled by his team’s loss on Friday night.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Modeling
Underline the simple predicate in the following sentences.
1.President Obama rebuked Congress for the budget crisis.
President Obama rebuked Congress for the budget crisis.
2.The pitcher was rankled by his team’s loss on Friday night.
The pitcher was rankled by his team’s loss on Friday night.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Check for Understanding
Underline the simple subject in the following sentences.
1. The serene beach was beautiful at sunset.
The serene beach was beautiful at sunset.
2. The audacious crew started a mutiny against the captain.
The audacious crew started a mutiny against the captain.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Check for Understanding
Underline the simple predicate in the following sentences.
1. The serene beach was beautiful at sunset.
The serene beach was beautiful at sunset.
2. The audacious crew started a mutiny against the captain.
The audacious crew started a mutiny against the captain.
Simple Subjects and
Simple Predicates
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 through 4 on Page 5 – Workbook Plus.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete numbers 5 through 18 on Page 5.
If you finish early, complete the Challenge exercise on Page 6.
Finding the Subject
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use
correct and varied sentence types and
sentence openings to present a lively and
effective personal style.
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Sentences are usually written in natural order: the subject
comes before the predicate.
 Sometimes sentences are written in inverted order: the
subject follows all or part of the complete predicate.
Examples of Inverted Order
Into the tree flew a bird.
Out of the woods came the Mad Hatter.
Lying on top of a mushroom was a caterpillar.
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Whenever you want to find the subject of an inverted
sentence, try rearranging the words into their natural order.
Examples in Natural Order
A bird flew into the tree.
The Mad Hatter came out of the woods.
A caterpillar was lying on top of a mushroom.
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Interrogative sentences are usually in inverted order.
Examples in Inverted Order
Could the caterpillar speak?
When would it speak to Alice?
Examples in Natural Order
The caterpillar could speak.
It would speak to Alice when?
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Most sentences that begin with the introductory word there or
here are also in inverted order.
Examples in Inverted Order
There was a caterpillar near Alice.
Here is a butterfly.
To find the subject of a sentence beginning with there or here,
locate the verb, and ask the question who? or what? about it.
What was near Alice? A caterpillar was.
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Imperative sentences are in natural order, but the subject
usually does not appear in the sentence. The subject you is
understood. The subject remains you even when the name of
the person is used.
Examples:
(You) Peer through the looking glass.
Alice, (you) watch the cat.
Finding the Subject
Input/Modeling
 Some sentences in natural order begin with words other than
the subject.
Examples:
In the book a strange character appears.
At the end of the story, Alice awakens.
Again, to find the subject, locate the verb first, and ask the
question who? or what? about it.
Finding the Subject
Check for Understanding
Write the simple subject of each sentence.
1. On a branch of the tree sat a cat.
Simple Subject: Cat
2. There was the March Hare at the party.
Simple Subject: March Hare
3. Please lend it to me.
Simple Subject: (You)
Finding the Subject
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 through 3 on Page 7 – Workbook Plus.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete numbers 4 through 15 on Page 7 – Workbook Plus.
If you finish early, complete the Challenge exercise on Page 8.
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use
correct and varied sentence types and
sentence openings to present a lively and
effective personal style.
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
Input/Modeling
 Two or more simple subjects with the same predicate form a
compound subject.
 Two or more simple predicates with the same subject form a
compound predicate.
Examples:
Mia and Kamryn are meticulous in their work.
compound subject
The suspect was interrogated, arrested, and arraigned yesterday.
compound predicate
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
Input/Modeling
 A sentence may also have both a compound subject and a
compound predicate.
 The parts of a compound subject or of a compound predicate
are usually joined by and, but, or or.
Example:
The captain, the co-captain, or the coach ran and fell.
compound subject
compound predicate
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
Input/Modeling
 Sentences in inverted order also may have compound
subjects and predicates.
Examples:
Here are Aaron and Kenshiro.
compound subject
Were they apprehended and shackled?
compound predicate
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
Check for Understanding
What are the compound subjects and/or the compound
predicates in these sentences?
1.Abby and Nicolas have assimilated well in their new class.
Abby, Nicolas – compound subject
2.The runner crossed the finish line and grinned.
crossed, grinned – compound predicate
3.Phil and Carmen will attend the game and buy souvenirs.
Phil, Carmen – compound subject;
attend, buy – compound predicate
Compound Subjects and
Compound Predicates
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 through 3 on page 9 – Workbook Plus.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete numbers 4 through 10 on page 9.
Complete Revising Strategies pages 11 and 12 – Workbook Plus.
Compound Sentences
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.3 – Sentence Structure: Use
subordination, coordination, apposition,
and other devices to indicate clearly the
relationship between ideas.
Compound Sentences
Input
Simple Sentences
A simple sentence expresses one complete idea.
Hurricane Andrew was a major calamity in southern Florida in
1992.
A simple sentence can have a compound subject, a compound
predicate, or both.
Adam, Christopher, and Logan sweltered in the intense heat.
(Compound Subject – Adam, Christopher, Logan)
The police apprehended the suspect and interrogated him.
(Compound Predicate – apprehended, interrogated)
Compound Sentences
Input
Compound Sentences
 A compound sentence expresses two or more complete ideas
that are related and are equal in importance. If a sentence is
compound, it can can always be separated into two or more
simple sentences.
The Trojan War lasted ten years, and Troy was destroyed.
 Connect the simple sentences in a compound sentence with a
conjunction, or connecting word, such as and, but, or or. Use
a comma between the joined sentences unless the sentences
are very short and closely related.
Helen was the wife of a Greek king, and Paris, a prince of Troy,
kidnapped her.
She was freed and he was killed.
Compound Sentences
Input
Compound Sentences
 You may also join simple sentences with a semicolon alone.
A champion among warriors fought for the Greeks; his name was
Achilles.
Homer was a Greek poet; he probably lived around 700 B.C.
Compound Sentences
Modeling
Combine the following sentences into a compound sentence.
1. Several centuries later, Homer wrote the Iliad. He also wrote
the Odyssey.
 Several centuries later, Homer wrote the Iliad, and he also
wrote the Odyssey.
2. The Iliad describes three weeks of battle during the Trojan
War. Its subject is the rage of Achilles.
 The Iliad describes three weeks of battle during the Trojan
War; its subject is the rage of Achilles.
3. After the war, Odysseus wants to go home to his wife in
Ithaca. First he must travel for ten years.
 After the war, Odysseus wants to go home to his wife in
Ithaca, but first he must travel for ten years.
Compound Sentences
Check for Understanding
Combine the following sentences into a compound sentence.
1.The goddess Circe tempts Odysseus with luxury. He stays
with her one year.
The goddess Circe tempts Odysseus with luxury, and he stays
with her one year.
2.The sirens call to him with an offer of knowledge of the future.
He has himself tied to his ship’s mast and resists their call.
The sirens call to him with an offer of knowledge of the future,
but he has himself tied to his ship’s mast and resists their call.
Compound Sentences
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 and 5 on page 13.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete page 13.
Complete Challenge page 14.
Conjunctions
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.3 – Sentence Structure: Use
subordination, coordination, apposition,
and other devices to indicate clearly the
relationship between ideas.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
4AyjKgz9tKg
Conjunctions
Input
 A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.
A coordinating conjunction connects related words or word
groups that have the same function in a sentence.
Compound Subject: Carol and Brian have arrived.
Compound Predicate: Carol may dance but will not sing.
Compound Modifier: The guests are happy yet quiet.
Compound Sentences:
Ron will sing, for Carol will play piano.
Sam will not dance, nor will he juggle.
Maria is artistic, so she will decorate.
Conjunctions
Input
and
Coordinating Conjunctions:
but
or
nor
for
yet
so
Correlative conjunctions join words or word groups. Correlative
conjunctions appear in pairs and are more forceful and precise
than coordinating conjunctions.
Neither Lin nor Tom has arrived.
Either the car will start, or Jim will jump-start it.
Whether it rains or snows, we will go.
Conjunctions
Input
Correlative Conjunctions
either…or
not only…but (also)
neither…nor
whether…or
both…and
just as…so
Conjunctions
Modeling
Identify the conjunctions in these sentences.
1.Anarchy and dissension occurred recently in Egypt.
Coordinating conjunction: and
2.Twenty-five years have elapsed since the Dodgers last World
Series appearance, but Mr. Shipes is still a dedicated fan.
Coordinating conjunction: but
3.Neither Mary nor Judy were in imminent danger.
Correlative conjunctions: neither…nor
Conjunctions
Check for Understanding
Identify the conjunctions in these sentences.
1.The quality of her work was meticulous and precise.
Coordinating conjunction: and
2.The circus act was quite bizarre, but it was entertaining
nontheless.
Coordinating conjunction: but
3.Either George or John will play lead guitar.
Correlative conjunctions: either…or
Conjunctions
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 and 2 on page 15.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete page 15.
Complete Challenge page 16.
Complex Sentences
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.1 – Sentence Structure: Use correct and
varied sentence types and sentence openings to
present a lively and effective personal style.
WC 8.1.3 – Sentence Structure: Use subordination,
coordination, apposition, and other devices to
indicate clearly the relationship between ideas.
Complex Sentences
Input

1.
A complex sentence is made of 2 parts:
An independent clause, or main clause, which
expresses a complete thought.
2.
A subordinate clause, or dependent clause, which does
not express a complete thought and depends on an
independent clause to complete its meaning.
 Subordinate clauses can be in different places in a
complex sentence. Always use a comma after a
subordinate clause that begins a sentence. Do not use a
comma before a subordinate clause that ends a sentence.
 Subordinate clauses often begin with words like although,
when, and after. Such words that connect subordinate
clauses to independent clauses are called subordinating
conjunctions.
Common Subordinating
Conjunctions
after
as long as
if
unless
where
although
as though
since
until
whereas
as
because
so that
when
wherever
as if
before
than
whenever
while
Complex Sentences
Modeling
Example 1:
Jose stayed up late last night because it was his
birthday.
Independent clause:
Jose stayed up late last night.
Subordinate clause:
because it was his birthday
Notice: “because it was his birthday” is not a
sentence!
Complex Sentences
Modeling
Example 2:
Before he did his homework, Jose had a snack.
Independent clause:
Jose had a snack.
Subordinate clause:
before he did his homework
Notice: When a subordinate clause begins the
complex sentence, it is followed by a comma.
Complex Sentences
Modeling
Example 3:
Since he didn’t show his work, Jose got a
homework ticket.
Jose got a homework ticket since he didn’t show
his work.
Notice: The subordinate clause and the
independent clause can be inverted without
changing the meaning of the complex sentence.
Complex Sentences
Modeling
Example 4: Combine sentences
Jose was rewarded. He got good grades. (after)
After he got good grades, Jose was rewarded.
Or
Jose was rewarded after he got good grades.
Complex Sentences
Modeling
Example 5: Combine sentences
He went home. He ate ice cream. (as)
As he went home, he ate ice cream.
Or
He ate ice cream as he went home.
Compound-Complex Sentences
Input/Modeling
A group of short, related sentences can be combined to make a
compound-complex sentence. This type of sentence can help
organize your writing by linking related information. It also helps
you vary sentence length.
Example 6: Combine simple sentences into a compound-complex
sentence.
A lush forest once stood on this land. The area is now desert. It
has no living trees.
Although a lush forest once stood on this land, the area is now
desert, and it has no living trees.
Complex Sentences
Check for Understanding
Combine the following sentences using (before)
He went to bed. He brushed his teeth.
Before he went to bed, he brushed his teeth.
Or
He brushed his teeth before he went to bed.
Complex Sentences
Check for Understanding
Combine the following sentences using (until)
He couldn’t go outside to play. He finished his
homework.
Until he finished his homework, he couldn’t go
outside to play.
Or
He couldn’t go outside to play until he finished his
homework.
Complex Sentences
Check for Understanding
Combine the following sentences using (since)
It was late. He went to bed.
Since it was late, he went to bed.
Or
He went to bed since it was late.
Complex Sentences
Guided Practice
Do numbers 1 and 2 on page 17.
Raise your hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Complete page 17.
Complete Challenge page 18.
Complete Revising Strategies pages 19 and 20.
Fragments and Run-ons
California Content Standards:
WC 8.1.4 – Grammar: Edit written manuscripts to
ensure that correct grammar is used.
Sentence Fragments
Input
 A sentence fragment is any word group that does not have
both a subject and a predicate or does not express a complete
thought.
 Most fragments leave the question who? or what?
unanswered.
 A fragment is corrected by adding a subject or a predicate or
by completing a thought.
Fragment
Corrected Sentence
Went to the lake.
We went to the lake.
But he likes boats.
Joe doesn’t row, but he likes boats.
After the race.
Prizes were awarded after the race.
Sentence Fragments
Modeling
Is each group of words a sentence or a fragment?
1. Canoed on the ocean.
No, a sentence needs a subject. For example:
They canoed on the ocean.
2. Although it was an important means of transportation.
No, a subordinate clause needs an independent clause to
complete the thought. For example:
Although it was an important means of transportation, the horse
and buggy was later replaced by the automobile.
Run-on Sentences
Input
 A run-on sentence consists of two or more sentences that are
run together with commas or without any punctuation.
Example:
Dean looked, he didn’t see the flashlight. He looked again the
flashlight had appeared from nowhere.
 Correct a run-on sentence in one of three ways.
1. Divide it into separate sentences by using end punctuation
and a capital letter.
Dean looked. He didn’t see the flashlight.
2. Rewrite it as a compound sentence, using a comma and a
coordinating conjunction.
Dean looked, but he didn’t see the flashlight.
Run-on Sentences
Input
3. Rewrite it as a complex sentence, using a subordinate
conjunction.
Although Dean looked, he didn’t see the flashlight. When he
looked again, the flashlight had appeared from nowhere.
Modeling
Correct the following run-ons.
1. Mimi stood up on the ice for the first time she felt uneasy.
As Mimi stood up on the ice for the first time, she felt uneasy.
Mimi stood up on the ice for the first time. She felt uneasy.
Mimi stood up on the ice for the first time, and she felt uneasy.
Run-on Sentences
Modeling
Correct the following run-ons.
2.She felt nervous, she didn’t fall.
Although she felt nervous, she didn’t fall.
She felt nervous, but she didn’t fall.
Notice, I did not use: She felt nervous. She didn’t fall. This is
choppy writing, and it should be avoided.
Run-on Sentences
Check for Understanding
Correct the following fragments.
1. The sport of rowing.
Example: The sport of rowing is fun.
2. When a team prepares for a race.
Example: When a team prepares for a race, they usually perform
better.
Correct the following run-on.
1. LaToya would be there to help her they were good friends.
Example: LaToya would be there to help her because they were
good friends.
Or
Since they were good friends, LaToya would be there to help her.
Run-on Sentences
Guided Practice
Correct the first sentence on page 21.
Raise you hand.
Wait for a stamp.
Independent Practice
Finish editing the paragraph on page 21 and be ready to share
your revised paragraph.