MPK BHS INGGRIS
REDUCED CLAUSE
Reduced Clause
 Adjective Clause  Adjective Phrase (1)
 Clause: The man who is eating the cake is my
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

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friend.
(The subject pronoun and the be form of the
verb are omitted)
Delete: Who
Delete: Is
 Phrase: The man eating the cake is my
friend.
Adjective clause  Adjective
phrase (2)
 (If there is no be form of a verb in the
adjective clause, it is sometimes possible to
omit the subject pronoun and change the
verb to its –ing form.)
 Clause: Indonesian has an alphabet that
consists of 26 letters.
 Phrase: Indonesian has an alphabet
consisting of 26 letters.
 V (active)  V ing
 V passive  Ved or past participle
 Adjective clause that cannot be changed into
reduced clause is whom, where, when,
relative pronoun+ preposition, whose.
Adverb clause  Adverb
phrase
 An Adverb clause can be changed to an
adverb phrase only when the subject of the
adverb clause and the subject of the main
clause are the same.
 No change possible:
 When the teacher was lecturing to the
class, I fell asleep.
 Only Adverb of clause for time, cause and
condition/ contrast.
 Adverb of clause
 Time: When, While, Before, Until, After
 Cause: Since, Because
 Contrast/ Condition: Although, Though,
Eventhough
 Adverbial subordinator that can be
eliminated: While and Because
Reduced Clause
 Adverb clause  Adverb phrase (1)
 Clause: While I was writing the essay, I heard
the telephone ringing.
 (Omit the subject of the dependent clause
and the be form of the verb)
 Phrase: While writing the essay, I heard the
telephone ringing.
Adverb clause  Adverb
phrase (2)
 Clause: Before I write the essay, I make the
outline first.
 (If there is no be form of a verb, omit the
subject and change the verb to v-ing.)
 Phrase: Before writing the essay, I make the
outline first.
 Notes: You can also eliminate the
subordinator because and while if you want.
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 5.