東周
春秋時期(二)
Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Spring and Autumn Period Part II
春秋時期全圖
春秋五霸Five Hegemons
• 他們是齊桓公、宋襄公、晉文公、秦穆公、
楚莊王。
• They are: Duke Huan of Qi, Duke Xiang of
Song, Duke Wen of Jin, Duke Mu of Qin,
and King Zhuang of Chu.
秦穆公（659BC～621年BC）
Duke Mu of Qin
• 秦穆公向西發展，進軍戎地，取得了獨霸
西戎的地位。
• Duke Mu of Qin expanded to the west into
the territory of Rong, and achieved the
position of dominating Rong.
成語 Idioms
•秦晉之好 ，春秋時，秦晉兩國不止一代互
相婚嫁。現泛指兩家聯姻。
• In Spring and Autumn Period, Qin and Jin
married each other for more than one
generations. Now it refers to the marriage
of two families.
楚莊王
King Zhuang of Chu
•楚莊王用孫叔敖為令尹，改革內政。公元前
606年，楚莊王率軍北上，並遣使問象徵王權
的九鼎之輕重，大有取周而代之的氣勢。
• King Zhuang of Chu used Sun Shuao to reform
internal affairs. In 606 BC, King Zhuang of Chu
led his army north to ask Zhou king the weight of
the nine Dings, a symbol of royal emissary of
severity.
成語 Idioms
•一鳴驚人，比喻平時沒沒無聞，突然有驚
人的表現。
• sudden striking performance by a usually
mediocre person.
•問鼎中原，比喻企圖奪取天下。
• Attempt to seize the world.
吳越爭霸
Wu and Yue
•吳王闔閭執政，在楚國亡臣伍子胥及著名
軍事家孫武的協助下，發展了吳國的實力，
大敗楚國，攻下楚都郢。
•King Helu of Wu, with the assistance of Wu
Zhisye and the renowned military strategist Sun
Wu, developed strength, and defeated Chu and
invaded Capital Yin of Chu.
吳越爭霸
Wu and Yue
•吳與越交戰，吳兵敗，闔閭死。子夫差即
位，立志報仇。大舉攻越，越王勾踐大敗。
•Wu lost in the war with Yue and Helu died. His
son FuTsai succeeded and determinded to take
revenge. He attacked and defeated King Goujian
of Yue.
吳越爭霸
Wu and Yue
•越王勾踐臥薪嘗膽，十年生聚，十年教訓。
他任用政治家范蠡、文種，實行改革。經
過長期準備之後，終於消滅吳國。
•Goujian took 10 years to prepare his revenge.
With the help of Fanli and WenZhong, after a
long preparation, he finally destroyed Wu.
西施與范蠡
XiShi and Fanli
• 西施是越國美女。越國被吳國消滅亡時，勾踐使
用美人記，送西施給夫差。吳國滅亡後，傳說范
蠡攜西施歸隱，自稱陶朱公，經營商業，獲致巨
富。傳說中的財神重器—“聚寶盆”即傳為其所製。
•XiShi was a beauty in Yue. When Yue was destroyed,
she was sent to FuTsai King of Wu. After Wu was
destroyed, Fanli and Zishi left and built a business and
made a fortune. The legendary “treasure bowl”was
made by Fanli.
成語 Idioms
•臥薪嘗膽，春秋時，越王勾踐勵精圖治以
圖復國的事跡，現形容人刻苦自勵，發憤
圖強。
• In Spring and Autumn Period, Goujian
made every effort to revive his country.
Now it refers to someone who is hard
working and self-motivation.
成語 Idioms
•東施效顰，比喻胡亂模仿，反得壞效果。
• Copycat imitates others blindly, and gets a
very bad effect.
問答Q&A
•中國歷史上時間最長的朝代是?
• Which dynasty is the longest in the history
of China?
問答Q&A
•周朝因都城遷移而分為哪兩個時期?
• Which two periods can the Zhou Dynasty
be divided into, due to the moving of
capital?
問答Q&A
•東周在歷史上可分為哪兩個時期?
• In history, which two periods can the
Eastern Zhou Dynasty be divided into?
問答Q&A
•請試列舉春秋五霸?
• Who were the Five Hegemons in the
Sping and Autumn Period?
三家分晉Jin divided into three
•晉政權逐漸為趙、韓、魏、知、范、中行氏六家
所控制。後來，趙、韓、魏、知四家聯合起來，
消滅了范氏和中行氏。趙、韓、魏三家又聯合起
來，消滅了知氏。
•Regime of Jin was gradually controlled by Zhao, Han,
Wei, Zhi, Fan, and ZhongXin. Eventually Han, Zhao,
and Wei united and eliminated the other three families.
三家分晉Jin divided into three
•公元前403年，周威烈王承認韓、趙、魏三
家為諸侯。歷史上進入了戰國時期。
• 403 BC, King Wei Lie of Zhou admitted
Han, Zhao, Wei as the three feudal states.
It started the Warring States period in
history.