東周
戰國時期(一)
Eastern Zhou Dynasty
Warring States Period Part I
三家分晉Jin divided into three
•晉政權逐漸為趙、韓、魏、知、范、中行氏六家
所控制。後來，趙、韓、魏、知四家聯合起來，
消滅了范氏和中行氏。趙、韓、魏三家又聯合起
來，消滅了知氏。
•Regime of Jin was gradually controlled by Zhao, Han,
Wei, Zhi, Fan, and ZhongXin. Eventually Han, Zhao,
and Wei united and eliminated the other three families.
三家分晉Jin divided into three
•公元前403年，周威烈王承認韓、趙、魏三
家為諸侯。歷史上進入了戰國時期。
• 403 BC, King Wei Lie of Zhou admitted
Han, Zhao, Wei as the three feudal states.
It started the Warring States period in
history.
戰國時期
Warring States Period
•戰國時期（大約西元前403年～西元前221
年）
• Warring States Period (about BC 403 ─
221 BC) .
戰國諸侯Feudal States in the
Warning State Period
•從春秋時代初期的一百四十多家諸侯，經
過三百六十多年的兼併，到戰國初期就只
剩下了二十餘家。
• After over three hundred and Sixty years
of mergers, feudal states reduced from
over 140 in the beginning of Spring and
Autumn Period, to only about 20 in the
early Waring States Period.
戰國七雄Seven Powers of the
Waring State Period
•戰國諸侯中以秦國，齊國，趙國、魏國、
韓國，楚國，燕國此七國最強，史稱“戰
國七雄”。
• The strongest feudal states in the Waring
State Period were Qin, Qi, Zhao, Wei,
Han, Chu, Yan, called the “Seveve Powers
of the Warring States Period."
社會變革Changes in Society
•鐵器的廣泛使用 The widespread use of
iron
• 井田制度的破壞 Destroy of the Well
Shaped Land Law
•戰爭規模的擴大 Expanded War Scale
•世襲的等級制度被瓦解Disintegrated
Social Class System
戰國時期地圖
魏國的改革 Reform of Wei
• 魏國首先進行改革，選賢任能，鼓勵農民
生產，發展經濟，成為戰國初期第一個強
國。
• Wei was the first to reform, by appointing
capable people, encouraging farmers to
production, and economic development,
and became the first strong power in the
early Warring States Period.
齊國的改革 Reform of Qi
•齊國進行改革，大力整頓政治，經濟迅速
發展，成為實力僅次於魏的大國。
• Qi also reformed by political rectification. It
achieved rapid economic development,
and became the strong power next to Wei.
齊國的改革 Reform of Qi
•桂陵之戰和馬陵之戰，齊國以田忌為將軍，孫臏
為軍師，用奇計打敗了魏軍，從此，齊國成為中
原最強的國家。
• In the Battle of Guiling war and the Battle of
Maling, Qi appointed Tian Ji as the General, Sun
Bin as military adviser, defeated Wei. Since
then, Qi became the most powerful state in the
Central Plains.
成語 Idioms
•圍魏救趙，孫臏用圍攻魏國的辦法來解救
趙國的危困 ，後被列為 三十六計中的重要
一計。
• Sun Bin rescued Zhao by sieging Wei.
Later it was listed as one important trick
among the Thirty-Six Tricks.
秦國商鞅變法
Reform of Qin by Shang Yang
•秦國任用商鞅進行變法，建立新的專制主
義中央集權制。Qin appointed Shang Yang
for political reform, established a new
centralized system.
•廢除世襲爵位制，根據軍功大小授予爵位。
Abolished hereditary peerage system. Title
awarded according to bravery in battle.
秦國商鞅變法
Reform of Qin by Shang Yang
•廢除分封制，實行縣治。Abolished feudal
system, and established county
governments.
•廢除“井田制”，實行土地私有制。
Repealed “Well field system", and
established private ownership of land.
問答Q&A
•東周在歷史上可分為哪兩個時期?
• In history, which two periods can the
Eastern Zhou Dynasty be divided into?
問答Q&A
•春秋時期和戰國時期是以哪一件事來區分?
• Which event separated the Spring and
Autumn Period and the Waring States
Period?
問答Q&A
•請試列舉戰國七雄?
• Who were the Seven Powers in the
Waring States Period?
問答Q&A
•戰國初期哪兩國先後成為最強的國家?
• In the beginning of the Waring States
Period, which two countries became the
most powerful consecutively?
問答Q&A
• 誰在秦國實施變法?
• Who implemented political reform in the
state of Qin?