INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
The New American Dream
OBJECTIVES
 Be able to identify factors that contributed to industrial growth.
 Be able to identify important inventors and explain how their
inventions contributed to the industrial revolution.
 Be able to analyze how those inventions influence their everyday
life.
STARTING POINT
 Starts in England moves across Europe
 Gets to America a little slower
• A new nation becomes a leader
THE NEW AMERICAN
DREAM
 The rebirth of the American Dream after the disaster of
the Civil War and reconstruction
 If you could work hard enough, be creative enough, or
move fast enough you could raise your social station and be a
great leader
ANDREW CARNEGIE
“The special aptitude of this race for colonization, its vigor
and enterprise, and its capacity for governing, although
brilliantly manifested in all parts of the world, have never ben
shown to such advantages as in America.”
HOW THE NATION
DEVELOPS
 Development of factory system of production
 Mass production of goods
 Investments in new technologies
 Increased diversity of goods produced
NECESSITY -THE MOTHER
OF INVENTION
Spinning machine
Need to speed up weaving
Power loom created
NECESSITY -THE MOTHER
OF INVENTION
Power loom
Increased demand for raw cotton
Invention of the cotton gin
NECESSITY -THE MOTHER
OF INVENTION
Cotton gin
Demands for stronger iron
Improvements in iron smelting and
the development of steel
INVENTIONS AND
INVENTORS
One invention inevitably leads to improvements
upon it and to more inventions
BESSEMER PROCESS
 A process of producing steel, in which impurities are
removed by forcing a blast of air through molten iron
 Sir Henry Bessemer of England
 William Kelly developed similar system by Bessemer’s is the
one that stuck
BESSEMER
 Mass Production of steel
 Leads to rail roads, sky scrapers,
improvements in construction and
manufacturing
 Steel is the most important metal
used over the past 150+ years
INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS
 Identical components that can be substituted for one
another
 Led to mass production
 Things become less expensive because not hand crafted
ELIAS HOWE
 Inventor of the sewing machine 1846
 Women no longer have to handmaid clothes
 Expanded personal wardrobes
 Singer came out with a better design
THOMAS EDISON
 Light bulb
• Long lasting carbon filament
• Shop after work
 Wizard of Menlo Park
• Commercialized the art of inventing (made it a business)
 Worked on Motion Pictures
 Pioneered the direction and use of electricity
Started the General Electric Company
NIKOLA TESLA
 Edison preferred direct current
• Current couldn’t carry for more than two miles
 Nicola Tesla believed energy is cyclical
• Direct current flows continuously in one direction; alternating
current changes direction 50 or 60 times per second and can be
stepped up to vary high voltage levels, minimizing power loss across
great distances
 Alternating motor
 Basis for how we direct and use energy today
GOTTLIEB DAIMLER
 German
 Gasoline engine (1885)
 Led to the invention of the automobile
 Henry Ford and the Model T
GEORGE EASTMAN
 Paper based photographic film (used to be glass)
 Cheap camera, the Kodak
 10 dollars to developed and print the film
ADVERTISING AND
MARKETING
 Mass production led to the market being flooded.
 They produced more than the public demanded
 Once you have a sewing machine you don’t need another one
 How do you get customers to come and buy more?
 They used things like brand names, trademarks, guarantees,
slogans, endorsements, even box tops