Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 –
1500)
Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Arabs
 Arabian Peninsula
 Arabs
Sheikh
Allah
The Black Stone
 Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).
Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Life of Muhammad

Muhammad
 Khadija
 Revelations from God.
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
angel Gabriel
Quran
Islam
Muslims
Madinah (Medina)
Hijrah
Bedouin
 Hajj
Section 1: The Rise of Islam

The Teachings of Muhammad



Islam
 Monotheistic
 Salvation and an afterlife
Muhammad
 Preacher but not divine
Five Pillars of Islam

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
Belief
Prayer
Charity
Fasting
Pilgrimage
Shari’ ah
Other principles of behavior
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its
Successors

Creation of an Arab Empire

Abu Bakr
 Caliph
 Arab
Conquest
 Jihad
 Arab
Rule
 Madinah
 After
Abu Bakr
 Conquered territories

Muslim administrators were tolerant
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its
Successors

The Umayyads
661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph
 Calipahate hereditary within his family
 Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah to
Damascus, Syria
 Conquests

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
8th Century North Africa –Berbers
710 – Strait of Gibraltar
Split in Islam


The Umayyad Dynasty
Revolt in Iraq


Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad
The revolt led to split in Islam


Shia
Sunni
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its
Successors

The Abbasid Dynasty
 In
750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle,
overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty
 Abbasid Rule

new capital in Bagdad



influence from the Persians
ideal citizens
Harun al-Rashid

al-Ma’mun
Trade routes
 The bureaucracy of the Caliph


Vizier, advised the Caliph
 Decline
and Division
Problems did exist
 Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire

Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its
Successors

Seljuk Turks and the Crusades
 The
Fatimids
 The Seljuk Turks
 Nomadic
people from central Asia
 Sultan – “holder of power”
 The battle of Manzikert in 1071
 The
Crusades
 The
Byzantine Emperor Alexius I
 1169 – Saladin
Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its
Successors

The Mongols
 Nomadic
tribe, horse riding and very destructive
 1258 – Hulegu

strong hatred of Islam
 Mamluks
 Eventually
the Mongols in the region converted to Islam
Section 3: Islamic Civilization

Prosperity in the Islamic World
 Trade
was a key
 Morocco
 Role of the Cities
 Great



Cities:
Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty
Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty
Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty
 Islamic
cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces,
of the caliphs, and Mosques
 Bazaars – covered market

The Importance of Farming
Section 3: Islamic Civilization

Islamic Society
 Politics,
economics, and social life are all covered in Islamic
Teachings
 Social Structure
 All
Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah
 Non-Muslims were not equal
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
Slaves
Slaves would serve in the military
Slave women were domestic servants
Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and should
eventually be able to gain their freedom
Section 3: Islamic Civilization
 The
Role of Women
 Quran – men and women were spiritual and social
equals
 Women
 Family and society
 All women had a male guardian (Adult family member)
 Men had to pay a dowry
 Older customs
Section 4: The Culture of Islam

Philosophy, Science and History
 Arabs
– Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle into
Arabic
 Preservation of Knowledge
 Islamic Advancements

Islamic Scholars

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
Ibn-Rushd
Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences
Numerical system
Astronomy
 Astrolabe
Medicine
 Ibn Sina
History
 Ibn-Khaldun
 Muqaddimah
Section 4: The Culture of Islam
 Literature
 Omar
Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and The 1001
Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales,
fables and romance.
 Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with
other stories
Section 4: The Culture of Islam
 Art
and Architecture
 Mix
of Arab, Persian, and Turkish
 Art in their Architecture
 Mosques

Samarra Mosque
 Minaret
 muezzin
 Palaces
 Alhambra
 Art