CHAPTER
9
Expanding Markets and Moving West
Overview
Time Lines
SECTION
1 The Market Revolution
SECTION
2 Manifest Destiny
SECTION
3 Expansion in Texas
SECTION
4 The War with Mexico
Chapter Assessment
Transparencies
CHAPTER
9
Expanding Markets and Moving West
“Why should we weep to sail in search of
fortune? Cheer for the West, the new and
happy land.”
Ignatius Donnelly, reformer
THEMES IN CHAPTER 9
Economic Opportunity
Cultural Diversity
Immigration and Migration
Constitutional Concerns
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CHAPTER
9
Expanding Markets and Moving West
“Why should we weep to sail in search of fortune?
Cheer for the West, the new and happy land.”
Ignatius Donnelly, reformer
What do you know?
• What do you already know about the
technological advances of the mid-19th
century?
Read the quote above and answer the following:
• What did people expect to gain by settling in
this “new and happy land”?
• Why did the West attract the American
people?
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CHAPTER
9
Time Line
The United States
1825 The Erie Canal connects the East to the
regions west of the Appalachians.
1832 Chief Black Hawk leads Sauk in
rebellion against the United States.
1836 Sam Houston is elected president of the
Republic of Texas.
1837 John Deere invents the steel plow.
1844 Samuel F.B. Morse sends first long distance
telegraph message.
1847 Brigham Young and the Mormons found Salt
Lake City.
1848 Gold is discovered in California.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ends U.S. war
with Mexico.
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CHAPTER
9
Time Line
The World
1826 Russia declares war on Iran.
1828 Uruguay becomes an independent republic.
1833 Great Britain passes first child labor law.
1835 Ferdinand I becomes emperor
of Austria.
1842 Treaty of Nanjing resolves Opium War
between Britain and China.
1847 Liberia becomes a republic.
1848 Marx and Engels issue the Communist
Manifesto.
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SECTION
1
The Market Revolution
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Learn About
innovations in transportation, communication, and
manufacturing during the early 19th century.
To Understand
how markets for products grew rapidly throughout the
United States.
SECTION
1
The Market Revolution
Key Idea
Technological changes create greater
economic interdependence and more
economic diversity among the regions of
the nation.
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SECTION
1
The Market Revolution
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Section 1 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
What are some of the important innovations in
transportation, communication, and manufacturing during
the early 19th century.
1825
Erie Canal opens.
1839
Goodyear develops
vulcanized rubber.
1846
Howe patents sewing
machine.
1825
1850
1837
Deere invents steel
plow.
1844
Morse sends first
telegraph message.
SECTION
1
The Market Revolution
Section 1 Assessment
COMPARING
Describe the economies of the different regions of the United
States in the mid-1800s.
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SECTION
1
The Market Revolution
Section 1 Assessment
DRAWING CONCLUSIONS
During the 1830s and 1840s, transportation and
communication linked the country more than ever before.
How did these advances affect ordinary Americans?
THINK ABOUT
• the new kinds of transportation
• changes in communications
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SECTION
2
Manifest Destiny
HOME
Learn About
the lure of the West and the idea of Manifest Destiny.
To Understand
why Americans moved West in growing numbers.
SECTION
2
Manifest Destiny
Key Idea
Increasing numbers of people move west
and use the idea of Manifest Destiny to
justify settling the land.
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SECTION
2
Manifest Destiny
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Section 2 Assessment
SUMMARIZING
Compare some of the motives of settlers on the Oregon,
Santa Fe, and Mormon trails.
Oregon Trail
Mormon Trail
Settlers sought
freedom from
religious
persecution
Some settlers
were attracted
by new markets
for goods and
All
services.
Settlers sought
new economic
opportunities.
Santa Fe Trail
SECTION
2
Manifest Destiny
Section 2 Assessment
EVALUATING
What were the benefits and drawbacks of the belief in
manifest destiny?
THINK ABOUT
• the various reasons for the move westward
• the settlers’ point of view
• the impact on Native Americans
• the impact on the nation as a whole
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SECTION
2
Manifest Destiny
Section 2 Assessment
ANALYZING ISSUES
Do the same attitudes exist today that created the concept of
manifest destiny?
THINK ABOUT
• issues and events that resulted in a belief in
manifest destiny
• effects of this belief on U.S. residents, including
Native Americans
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SECTION
3
Expansion in Texas
HOME
Learn About
the issues involved in American settlement in Texas.
To Understand
why America and Mexico came into conflict over
Texas.
SECTION
3
Expansion in Texas
Key Idea
American settlers flock to Texas when Mexico
offers land grants, but conflict develops over
religion and other cultural differences,
including slavery.
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SECTION
3
Expansion in Texas
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Section 3 Assessment
ANALYZING
What were the relationships between Mexican authorities
and Americans settling in Texas?
Mexico
Goals
Actions
Outcomes
To protect northern
provinces;
to bring in U.S. goods.
Offers land grants,
closes borders, and
institutes patrols.
Refuses purchase offers;
loses Texas to the United
States.
Settlers
To use land grants to set
up homesteads.
Ignore Mexican rules by
bringing in slaves.
Ignore border restrictions and
try to negotiate with Mexico.
Win independence; form
the Republic of Texas.
SECTION
3
Expansion in Texas
COMPARING
Section 3 Assessment
3
Compare and contrast Santa Anna and Stephen F. Austin
as leaders.
THINK ABOUT
• Santa Anna’s role as president of Mexico
• Santa Anna’s qualities as a military leader
• Austin’s settlement in Texas
• Austin’s abilities as a negotiator
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SECTION
3
Expansion in Texas
Section 3 Assessment
SYNTHESIZING
Which group or country gained the most from the entry of
Texas into the United States? Who lost the most?
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SECTION
4
The War with Mexico
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Learn About
the American war with Mexico.
To Understand
how the United States pursued its goal of expanding
across the continent.
SECTION
4
The War with Mexico
Key Idea
Tension over U.S. annexation of Texas leads
to war with Mexico and results in huge
territorial gains for the United States.
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SECTION
4
The War with Mexico
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Section 4 Assessment
RECOGNIZING EFFECTS
How were the boundaries of the U.S. mainland formed?
Causes:
1846 Britain and United States set
northwest boundary at 49th parallel
1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
includes Mexican cession
1853 Gadsden Purchase
Effect:
Present-day
U.S. borders
SECTION
4
The War with Mexico
Section 4 Assessment
EVALUATING
How would you evaluate President Polk’s attitude and
behavior toward Mexico?
THINK ABOUT
• Polk’s position on expansion
• his actions once in office
• his relationship with Santa Anna
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SECTION
4
The War with Mexico
Section 4 Assessment
FORMING OPINIONS
Would you have supported the controversial war with
Mexico? Why or why not?
THINK ABOUT
• the positions of the North and South on the war
• the different viewpoints of the United States and Mexico
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Chapter
9
Assessment
1. In what ways did the Erie Canal connect the western
territories and the northeast?
2. What inventions and technological advancements
changed lives as part of the market revolution?
3. How did the inventions and innovations of the mid-19th
century encourage various regions to specialize in
certain industries?
4. Why was the concept of manifest destiny such an
appealing one to America in the 1840s?
5. Describe the factors that drew settlers west during the
first half of the 19th century.
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Chapter
9
Assessment
6. What made Americans want to settle in Texas?
7. What were the causes of the war between Americans
and Mexicans over Texas?
8. Describe the battle of the Alamo and explain why it is
an important symbol in U.S. history.
9. What developments caused the United States to go to
war with Mexico?
10. How did the United States pursue its goal of
expanding across the continent in the 1840s?
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