History of the
Filipino
People
Pre-Colonial Culture
(Chapter 4)

Languages



System of Writing


more than hundred languages and dialects
8 major languages (TIPPSHSM)
before Spaniards arrival probably Sanskrit or Arabic
provenance
Literature

Classification:
1.
2.
Floating or oral
written
 Music and Dance
 Filipinos are born musicians

Art

Artistic sense of the primitive inhabitants can be seen
in their tools and weapons
The
Spanish
Period
Under Imperial Spain
(Chapter 5)
 East Meets West (3Gs)
 Search for spices (pccng)
 Inclusion of Asian trade to that Europe
 The
Lusitanian-Hispanic Rivalry in Maritime
Discoveries
 The Magellan Expedition


Reached the Philippines on March 17, 1521
Discovery of the Philippines
 Maluku
and the Philippines
 Treaty of Zaragoza
 King Charles V ceded right to Maluku to John III of
Portugal
 Villalobos
Expedition
 Legazpi-Urdaneta Expedition

Most important mission: discovery of the Urdaneta
Passage
 The making of the Spanish “Indio”
 Sword and cross molded natives in the Hispanic
image ( each friar 1 captain and an army)
 Political Institutions
 Philippines was a captaincy-general administered by
the Spanish king
 The Residencia and the Visita
 To check abuse of power of royal officials
 The Filipino Bureaucrats
 “gobernadorcillo” highest position a Filipino could
attain during Spanish regime
 The
Amalgamation of Church & State
-church meddling/press censorship
Institutional Impact of Spanish
Rule
(Chapter 6)
 Economic
Institutions: “Taxation Without
Representation” (direct and indirect)
 Polo y Servicio Personal or Prestacion
Personal “pulong” (community labor)
 Encomiendas: Royal(reserved to the
crown and Private (individuals, protégés)
-grant from royal crown to exercise control;
not a land grant
 The
Manila Acapulco Galleon Trade
(1565-1815)- 2 vessels 200 days
 Royal Economic Society of Friends of the
Country – leading men in business,
industry profession exploit natural bounties
 Royal Philippine Company – uniting
american and asian commerce; devoted
exclusive preference to cotton
production and weaving, cultivation of
bp, silk, indigo and sugar
 Infrastructure,
Telecommunications, and
Public Utilities Development (Quezon
Bridge – 1st suspension bridge in Far East
designed by Gustave Eiffel)
 Telephone – 1890 170 clients
 Educational Transformation – spare the
rod, spoil the child 1611, 1645 Letran 1620
 Social Transformation – hispanic names
 Cultural
Transformation
 Filipinos Not Totally Hispanized – 300 years
spanish domination
From Indio to “Filipino”
(Chapter 7)
 Personal
Motives – revolts led by fomer
datus maharlikas babaylans who lost
prestige
 Religious Motives- Spain’s policy of 3Gs
 Resistance to Spanish-imposed Institutions
- Taxation, forced labor, galleon trade,
monopolies
 Peasant Unrest
 The
Moro Resistance – Moro Wars 1718 to
1762; 1850’s to 1878 “jurementados’
 Failure of the Revolts – Iinsular make up,
no lingua franca
 Filipino Nationalism: Decelerators
 Filipino Nationalism: Accelerators
 The Philippines in World Commerce
 Rise
of the Clase Media
 European Liberalism and Carlos Maria de
la Torre
 Racial Discrimmination
 Regular Secular Conflicts
 La Algarada Cavitena
Reform
and
Revolution
The Campaign for Reforms
(Chapter 8)
The Role of the Middle Class
Unjust execution of gomburza as turning point
 The Nature of the Reform Movement- abuses
of spanish authorities civil and clerical
 The Great Reformists – Graciano Lopez Jaena,
Jose Rizal MH del Pilar Antonio Luna, Mariano
Ponce, etc.
 La Solidaridad – 1889 Barcelona; exposition
of conditions, defense of Phils from malicious
and slanderous attacks of hired writers of friars





The Hispano-Filipino Association
The Role of Masonry
La Liga Filipina July 3, 1892; to unite, mutual
protection, defense against violence &
injustice, instruction agri and commerce,
study/application of reforms
The Failure of the Reform Movement (1) no
tangible result of La solidaridad (2) societies
no sufficient means to carry out aims (3)
propagandists divided by jealousies
Bonifacio and the Katipunan
(Chapter 9)




The Founding of the Katipunan- July 7, 1892
(KKK) blood compact
The Katipunan Objectives – political
(separation of Phils from Spain, moral
(teaching of good manners, hygiene, good
morals etc) and civic (self-help, defense of
the poor and oppressed)
The Structure of the Katipunan (Masonry and
Lal Liga Filipina)
Kinds of Membership
 The
Katipunan Codes
 The Flags of the Katipunan
 Celebrations
 Andres Bonifacio
 Emilio Jacinto
 The
Teachings of the Katipunan – Kartilla
(13 teachings) primer for grade schoolers
 The Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan
 The Katipunan Newspaper- Kalayaan
 The Expansion of the Katipunan
The Revolution: First Phase
(Chapter 10)
 Rizal
and the Revolution
 Preparations for the Struggle
 Spanish Suspicion Aroused
 The Discovery of the Katipunan
 Wealthy
Filipinos Implicated
 The “Cry” of Pugadlawin
 First Skirmishes
 The Revolution Spreads
 The Reign of Terror
 The
Katipunan in Cavite
 Bonifacio in Cavite
 The Tejeros Convention
 The Second Meeting at Tejeros
 The Naik Military Agreement
 The
Trial and Execution of Bonifacio
 The Revolution Continues
 The Government of Central Luzon
 The Biyak na Bato Republic
 The Truce of Biak na Bato
 The failure of the Truce
The Revolution: Second Phase
(Chapter 11)
 The
Relief on Primo de Rivera
 American Designs on the Philippines
 The Spanish-American War
 The Battle of Manila Bay
 Aguinaldo in Singapore
 Aguinaldo
and Consul Wildman
 Aguinaldo and the Hong Kong Junta
 Aguinaldo Returns
 Renewal of the Struggle
 Spanish Attempts to Win Over Filipinos
 The
Siege of Manila
 The Spanish-American Secret Agreement
 Beginning of the Filipino-American Rift
 The Mock Battle of Manila
 Terms
of Capitulation
 The Protocol of Peace
The Malolos Republic
(Chapter 12)
 The
Dictatorial Government
 Treatment of Enemy
 Declaration of Independence
 Apolinario Mabini
 Re-organization
of Local Government
 Administration of Justice
 The Revolutionary Government
 The Malolos Congress
 The Malolos Constitution
 The
Constitution
 The Philippines Republic
 Revolutionary Periodicals
 Education
 Diplomatic Activities
 The Treaty of Paris
The Filipino-American Hostilities
(Chapter 13)
 American
Apostasy
 McKinley’s “Benevolent Assimilation”
Proclamation
 Filipino Reaction
 Attempts to Relax Tension
 The
San Juan Bridge Incident
 Investigation of the Incident
 American Victories
 The Drive to the North
 The Fall of Mabini
 Assassination
of Luna
 American Conquest of the Visayas
 The Negros Constitution
 The Bates Treaty
 Aguinaldo Flees to the Mountains
 The
Battle of Pasong Tirad
 The Capture of Aguinaldo
 Barbarous Acts
 End of the Resistance
The Religious Schism
(Chapter 14)
 Gregorio
Aglipay on the Scene
 Nozaleda Against Aglipay
 Mabini and the National Church
 The Filipino National Church
 Chapelle
and Filipinization
 The Schism
 First Converts
 Aglipay and the Jesuits
 Aglipay’s Consecration as Bishop
 Significance