NATIONALISM
AND THE
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
NATIONALISM
 Patriotism to an excessive
degree
 Aspirations for national
independence in a country
under foreign domination.
 Love of country and
willingness to sacrifice for it
NATIONALISM
Problem is…
•
the elites
identified themselves more
with the Spaniards, and later
with the Americans than with
their countrymen
SECULARIZATION
REGULAR CLERGY
Spanish Friars
Parishes
SECULAR
PRIESTS
Filipino Priests
Parishes
SECULAR
PRIESTS
Filipino Priests
Parishes
SECULAR
PRIESTS
Filipino Priests
This movement
demanded the handling
over the parishes from
the regular clergy
(Dominicans,
Franciscans, Recollects
etc. who were Spanish
friars), to secular
priests, most of whom
were Filipinos.
MOST PROMINENT PRIESTS
a. Jose Burgos – Spaniard born in
the Philippines, parish priest of
the Manila Cathedral.
b. Jacinto Zamora – Spaniard born in
the Philippines and a parish priest
of Marikina
c. Mariano Gomez – parish priest of
Bacoor, Chinese half-breed
Cavite
Mutiny
Started when
Filipinos working in
Cavite were heavily
taxed.
Led by Ferdinand La
Madrid
The three secular
priests were
implicated in the
Cavite Mutiny.
They were ordered
by GovernorGeneral Rafael
Izquierdo to be
executed.
They were executed in
Bagumbayan (Luneta)
through Garrote.
Paciano Rizal
witnessed the
event and
mentioned it
to his brother
Jose.
THE
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
1872 to 1892
AIMS OF THE PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT
They called for the assimilation of the
Philippines as a province of Spain
>so that the same laws will be applied in
the Philippines
>the inhabitants of the Philippines will
experience the same civil liberties and
rights as that of a Spanish citizen
A
I
M
S
1. It aimed for legal equality
between Spaniards and
Filipinos
2. Philippine representation
in the Spanish Cortes
(parliament)
3. Free speech and
association
4. And an end to the annual
obligation of forced labor
How?
Through
Writings
Graciano Lopez
Jaena
who left the
Philippines for Spain
in 1880 after
publishing a satirical
novel, Fray Botod
(Father Fatso)
In1889 he started the
newspaper,
La Solidaridad (Solidarity),
that circulated both in
Spain and the Philippines
and was the medium of the
Propaganda Movement.
Marcelo del Pilar
who was active in
the anti-friar
movement.
He fled to Spain in
1888 and became
Editor of La
Solidaridad.
Jose Rizal
His more popular works
were his two novels
Noli Me Tangere
(Touch Me Not) and
El Filibusterismo
(The Subversive)
published in 1886 and
1891
The novels portrayed the
authoritarian and abusive
character of Spanish rule in the
colony .
Despite their ban, the books
were smuggled into the
Philippines and widely read.
But then, the
PROPAGANDA
MOVEMENT WAS
A FAILURE.
Rizal came home and on
July 3, 1892 he established the
LA LIGA FILIPINA
3 days later,
July 6, 1892,
Rizal was arrested
and exiled on July 7
to DAPITAN,
MINDANAO.
BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN
WHO STARTED IT ALL??
•
•
•
•
Bonifacio then
founded the
“Kataas-taasang
Kagalang-galangang
Katipunan ng mga Anak
ng Bayan” (KKK)
on July 7, 1892 in a house of
Deodato Arellano on Azcarraga street (now
Claro M. Recto), in Tondo Manila. As a
symbol of the member’s loyalty, they
performed the solemn rite of sanduguan (blood
compact), wherein each one signed his name
with his own blood..
 TAGALOG: Katastaasang Kagalang-
galangang Katipuanan ng
mga Anak ng Bayan”
 ENGLISH: Supreme and Venerable Society
of the Children of the Nation
 SPANISH:
Suprema y Venerable
Asociación de los Hijos del
Pueblo
FOUNDING MEMBERS
 ANDRES BONIFACIO
 TEODORO PLATA
(brother-in-law of Andy Bonifacio)
 LADISLAO DIWA
 VALENTIN DIAZ
 DEODATO ARELLANO
AIMS OF THE KATIPUNAN
 to develop a strong alliance with each
and every Katipunero
 to unite Filipinos into one solid nation
 to win Philippine independence by
means of an armed conflict (or
revolution)
 to establish a republic after
independence
Andres Bonifacio
• The Great Plebeian
• Born in Tondo on November 30, 1863, the first
child of poor parents.
• Named after St. Andrew the patron saint of Manila.
• He had three brothers and two sisters:
– Ciriaco
– Procopio
– Espiridiona
– Troadio
– Maxima
Andres Bonifacio
 a self trained writer.
 His pen name was Agapito Bagumbayan
 His writings were:
Pag-ibig sa Tinubuang Bayan – a patriotic poem
 Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan
– a Katipunan Decalogue
 Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog – a politicohistorical essay.

RECRUITMENT
TRIANGLE
SYSTEM
 They also agreed that they would pay a membership
fee amounting to one real fuerte (twenty-five
centavos) and a monthly due of media real (twelve
centavos).
• Three Grades of the Katipunan Membership:
Katipun (Associate) – first grade, password was
ANAK NG BAYAN
– Kawal (Soldier) – second grade, password was
GOMBURZA
– Bayani (Patriot) – third grade, password was RIZAL
–
FLAGS OF THE KATIPUNAN
Three flags were used by the Katipunan
that was originally sewn by
Gregoria de Jesus (Andy's wife) and
Benita Rodriguez.
Common features: Letter K and blood
red background
Andrés
Bonifacio’s
personal flag
which depicts a white sun with an indefinite
number of rays on a field of red. Below the
sun are 3 white Ks lined horizontally.
This flag was used in Cry of Pugadlawin on
August 23, 1896 when they tore their cedulas.
 The MAGDIWANG COUNCIL
of Andres Bonifacio had a sun with 16 rays
and red background.
 The MAGDALO COUNCIL
of Emilio Aguinaldo had a sun with 8 rays
to represent the first 8 provinces that
pledged to fight with Aguinaldo and a
baybayin symbol for Ka.
 The flag of the Revolutionary
Government of Aguinaldo: it had the
“The Sun of Liberty”
 Approved on March 17, 1897 in Naic,
Cavite
The flag of General Mariano Llanera
was famously called:
"BUNGO NI LLANERA”
(LLANERA'S SKULL)
General Pio del Pilar's flag was called
“ANG BANDILA NG
MATAGUMPAY”
or
“ THE FLAG OF THE VICTORIOUS”.
The flag of General Gregorio del
Pilar's flag was patterned after Cuba.
 First flag to use 3 colors. This flag was
used in Tirad Pass.
PROPAGANDA
KATIPUNAN
AIM
ASSIMILATION
INDEPENDENCE
LEADERS
Jose Rizal, Marcelo
del Pilar, Graciano
Lopez Jeana, etc.
Andres Bonifacio,
Emilio Aguinaldo
etc.
MEMBERS
From the upper & middle
classes, ilustrados, men
Mostly lower class but
there were middle class
ORIGIN
1860-1890s
July 7, 1892
NEWS
PAPER
END
RESULT
La Solidaridad
Kalayaan
FAILED
EXPOSED
Emilio Jacinto
Emilio Jacinto
• youngest and greatest writer of the Katipunan
• His pen name was Dimasilaw
• He wrote the following:
A la Patria – his poetical masterpiece
– Liwanag at Dilim – a series of essays on human
rights, liberty, equality of men, labor, and love of
country.
– Kartilya ng Katipunan – contains the teachings
of the KKK.
–
Biography
He established the secret headquarters in the
hills of Majayjay.
There, he contracted malignant malaria and
died on April 16, 1899. He was barely 24.
He wrote articles like :
1. Kartilya ng Katipunan
(Primer of Katipunan)
2. Liwanag at Dilim
(Light and Darkness)
3. Pahayag (Manifesto)
Women of the Katipunan
 Wife of a Katipunero
 Daughter of a Katipunero
 Sister of a Katipunero
 Any close relative of a Katipunero
Services of the Women in the Katipunan
 They guarded the secret documents and
paraphernalia of the society.
 They helped recruiting new members of
the society.
 Whenever the Katipuneros were holding
their secret meeting, they held a gay party
to cover up the revolutionary activity.
JOSE RIZAL’S ADVICE UP TO
THE OUTBREAK OF THE
REVOLUTION
On June 1896,
he sent Dr. Pio
Valenzuela to Dapitan to
seek Rizal’s advice on
the planned revolution.
Rizal’s Advice:
Timing was not right
Lack of arms
Gain support from influential
people
Recommended Antonio Luna as
commander of armed forces
However, there was no
stopping the Revolution.
Bonifacio ordered his men to
prepare for battle.
He directed them to store enough
food and other supplies.
Teodoro Patino
Honoria Patino
Sor Teresa de Jesus
Father Mariano Gil
Cry of
Pugadlawin
August 26, 1896
-Katipuneros tore their cedulas and
shouted “Mabuhay ang Pilipinas!”
 Was under Baldomero
Aguinaldo (cousin of
Emilio Aguinaldo)
 Felt that it was time to
replace the Katipunan
and form another kind
of government
 Based in Kawit, Cavite



Magdiwang Was
under Mariano
Alvarez (the uncle of
Andres Bonifacio’s
wife.)
Did not want to
replace the
Katipunan.
Based in Noveleta,
Cavite.
TEJEROS CONVENTION
• Bonifacio led the convention
• Aim – was to have a new
government in the Katipunan
• Attended by Magdiwang,
Magdalo and alsa balutan
•
TEJEROS CONVENTION
READ ON THIS!!!
FOR THE LONG TEST
