The Rise of American
Imperialism
■Essential Question:
–How did America’s role in the
world change by 1900?
■ Warm-Up Question:
–What is “foreign policy”?
–Why would the U.S. want to
annex each of the following
territories during the late 1800s?
*Alaska *Hawaii *Puerto Rico
America’s Changing Role in the
World
■From 1790 to 1900, the U.S.
expanded its role in world
affairs:
Explain what each of the
following primary sources reveal
about America’s foreign policy
at the time of the quote
America’s Changing Role in the
World
■ From 1790 to 1900, the U.S.
expanded its role in world affairs:
–In
George
Washington
“The1796,
Great rule
of conduct
for [the U.S.],
a policy
inpromoted
regard to foreign
Nations is in extending
ofcommercial
neutrality
& to have with them
our
relations
as
little political
connection as possible...
warned
against
'Tisalliances
our true policy
to steer clear of permanent
with
alliances,
any portion of the foreign
foreign with
nations
world”
(especially Europe)
—George Washington, Farewell Address
(1796)
America’s Changing Role in the
World
■ From 1790 to 1900, the U.S.
expanded its role in world affairs:
–In
the
Monroe Doctrine
“The1823,
American
continents…are
henceforth
not
to be considered
as subjects for future
asserted
neutrality
colonization
by any European powers.
but
proclaimed
We should consider any attempt on their
that
the
U.S.
would
part to extend their system to any portion
protect
the western
of this hemisphere
as dangerous to our
hemisphere
peacefrom
and safety”
—The Monroe Doctrine
European influence
(1823)
America’s Changing Role in the
World
■ From 1790 to 1900, the U.S.
expanded its role in world affairs:
“–In
The 1845,
American
claim
is by the right of our
the
U.S.
manifest
destiny
to
overspread
and
to
possess
used treaties &
the whole of the continent which Providence
wars to pursue its
has given us for the development of the
“Manifest
great experiment of liberty and federated
Destiny”
self-government entrusted to us”
& expand
to the
—John
O’Sullivan,
New York Morning News
Pacific Ocean
(1845)
America’s Changing Role in the
World
■ From 1790 to 1900, the U.S.
expanded its role in world affairs:
–By the 1890s,
“American
factories are making more
the U.S.
than
the American people can use;
gained soil
newis producing more than
American
overseas
they
can consume. Fate has written
colonies
& us; the trade of the
our
policy for
developed
world mustaand shall be ours.”
more active
—Senator Albert Beveridge
foreign policy
(1898)
Reasons for U.S. Imperialism
■In the late 1800s, the United States
emerged as an imperialist nation:
–Imperialism is the act of strong
nations exerting their power over
weaker nations, often by gaining
new colonies
–From 1867 to 1904, the U.S,
annexed Alaska, Hawaii, Guam,
Puerto Rico, the Philippines &
built the Panama Canal
American Imperialism
European powers had acquired colonies &
many Americans believed that the USA had
to imperialize in order to keep-up
From 1820
1890,
In
1891, Queen
U.S.toImperialism:
HAWAII
Americans moved
Liliuokalani came to
to Hawaii as
power & tried to reduce
missionaries & fruit the power of Americans
plantation owners
living in Hawaii
Americans overthrew Queen Liliuokalani in
1893 & Hawaii was annexed by the USA in 1898
By theU.S.
1890s,
European
imperial
powers
Imperialism: CHINA
carved China into spheres of influence, giving
them exclusive trade rights in Chinese ports
In 1899, the USA declared an
Open Door Policy in China to allow
free trade by any nation in any port
In U.S.
1895,newspapers
Cubans declared
their independence
sensationalized
the events
U.S.
Imperialism:
CUBA
from
Spain;
To putasdown
the journalism”)
revolution,
in Cuba
(known
“yellow
Spain used brutal tactics (like starvation)
In 1898, the U.S. sent the USS Maine to
Cuba to protect American interests there;
After the ship mysteriously exploded,
Americans declared war on Spain
The Spanish-American War was fought to
liberate Cuba & the Philippines from Spanish
control; The war lasted only 113 days
Teddy Roosevelt & the Rough Riders
As a result of the Spanish-American War,
Cuba was liberated & the USA annexed the
Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
U.S. Imperialism: PUERTO RICO
Puerto Rice is still a U.S. territory;
Lots of poverty & unemployment
When
Philippines were
annexed by
U.S.the
Imperialism:
PHILIPPINES
the USA & not granted independence
after the Spanish-American War, the
Filipino-American War began in 1898
The Filipino-American War lasted 3 years
& cost more in money & American lives
than the Spanish-American War
TR added
When the
Theodore
Roosevelt
Roosevelt
Corollary
became
to the
U.S.
Imperialism:
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Monroe
Doctrine,
giving
United
States
president,
he used
“Bigthe
Stick
Diplomacy”:
Developpowers”
an activetoU.S.
foreign
policy
with a
“police
protect
Latin
America
strong
from European
navy to accomplish
imperialism
goals
TR usedU.S.
“BigImperialism:
Stick Diplomacy”
to build the
PANAMA
Panama Canal by encouraging a
Panamanians to rebel from Colombia
TheU.S.
USAImperialism:
tried to intervene
in
Mexican
MEXICO
affairs when Huerta overthrew Diaz &
again when Carranza overthrew Huerta
Mexico & the USA almost
went to war when Mexican
rebel Pancho Villa killed 33
Americans
The Debate over American
Imperialism
■ Not all Americans supported imperialism:
– The AntiImperialist
League
formed in
1899 to fight
U.S.
annexation
of the
Philippines
– Many argued that the U.S. had no right
to force American culture upon others
The U.S. Becomes a World
Power
■ By the 20th century, the USA was a
world power:
– Built the world’s 3rd largest navy
– Annexed Hawaii, the Philippines,
Puerto Rico, many Pacific islands
– Asserted itself in Latin America
(Spanish-American War, Panama
Canal, & Roosevelt Corollary
– Influenced Asia (Open Door Policy)