THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU)
Aurélien Mazuy, Pascaline Winand
and Caitlin Gheller
Who I am


Pascaline Winand
My identities:
• Belgian
• European:
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Father from Walloon and Flemish parts of Belgium
Mother from France and Austria
• International:

Studied and taught in Belgium, France, the United
States, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Peru, Italy and now
in Australia
Salut !
Brussels
http://www.flickr.com/photos/smfrick/381844064/
Languages and provinces of Belgium
(yellow: Dutch language, red: French
language, orange: bilingual French Dutch, blue: German language) Source:
wikipedia
Europe & Australia:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespaceremoved.jpg/800px-World-map-2004-cia-factbook-large-1.7m-whitespace-removed.jpg
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-
A long relationship:
Portuguese : Beginning of the 16th Century?
Dutch : 17th Century
French : 17th Century
English: 17th Century
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo
ns/thumb/7/76/Captainjamescookportrait.jpg/
220px-Captainjamescookportrait.jpg
European immigration : 18th to 21st Century
-
-
18th-19th Century : UK (Gold Rush)
WWII : Jewish, Dutch, Italian, Greek,
German, Yugoslavian…
White Australia Policy until the 1970s
Australian-EU immigration and
travel
-
-
-
-
Nearly 70% of Australians can claim
European Ancestry !
About 30 000 new European migrants to
Australia every year
1.3 million Europeans visit Australia every
year
About 1 million Australians travel to
Europe
(Source:http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/european_union/eu_br
ief.html)
A snapshot of what is the
“European Union” (EU)


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Not a State: in-between a state and
an international organisation
Not Europe: Norway, Switzerland etc.
are not members of the EU
Represents 503.8 million people
Has 27 member states, 28 with the
accession of Croatia in 2013
EU Member States by Population

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

1 Germany 81,305,856
2 France
65,630,692
3 United Kingdom 63,047,162
4 Italy
61,261,254
5 Spain
47,042,984
6 Poland
38,415,284
7 Romania 21,848,504
8 Netherlands 16,730,632
9 Greece
10,767,827
10 Portugal 10,781,459
11 Belgium 10,438,353
12 Czech Republic 10,177,300
13 Hungary 9,958,453
14 Sweden 9,103,788
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15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
Austria 8,219,743
Bulgaria 7,037,935
Denmark 5,543,453
Slovakia 5,483,088
Finland 5,262,930
Ireland 4,722,028
Lithuania 3,525,761
Latvia
2,191,580
Slovenia 1,996,617
Estonia 1,274,709
Cyprus 1,138,071
Luxembourg 509,074
Malta
409,836
adapted from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2119.html#ee
Many member states and…
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EU institutions (Commission, Council,
Court of Justice…)
Many policies: agriculture,
environment, competition,
immigration…
Many players: private interest
groups, citizen groups, non EU
governmental actors, journalists…
The European Union ‘Symbols’:
European Anthem:
“Ode to Joy” by Beethoven

http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=Wod-MudLNPA
http://upload.wikimedia.o
rg/wikipedia/commons/th
umb/6/6f/Beethoven.jpg/
300px-Beethoven.jpg
Musical arrangement: Herbert von Karajan
Recorded at: Teatro da Trindade - Lisboa - 1994
Orchestra: Orchestre d'Harmonie des Jeunes de l'Union Européenne, conducted by André Reichling
Producer: European Commission in collaboration with the Council of Europe
ALL RIGHTS OF THE PRODUCER AND THE OWNER OF THE WORK REPRODUCED RESERVED

Europa Myth:
Where does the name
‘Europe’ come from?
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wiki
pedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Mo
reau,_Europa_and_the_Bull.jpg/
180pxMoreau,_Europa_and_the_Bull.j
pg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thu
mb/9/91/Abduction_of_Europe,_European_Parliament
,_Strasbourg.jpg/800pxAbduction_of_Europe,_European_Parliament,_Strasbo
urg.jpg
The Flag:
12 stars

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe
dia/en/thumb/6/6d/European_flag.s
vg/800px-European_flag.svg.png
Europe Day
9 May

The motto:
“UNITED IN DIVERSITY”
http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/9may/gallery/1997/index_en.htm
http://europa.eu/abc/symbols/9may/gallery/2005/index_en.htm
Why the European Union?:

The Peace :
-
WWI (1914-1918) & WWII (1939-1945)
-
Millions of dead
Time to stop !
News LTD
A United Europe: a long tradition
-
-
Roman Empire : 27 B.C to 476 A.C
Napoleon Empire : 19th Century
1989 : The Fall of the Berlin Wall … towards the
reunification of Eastern and Western Europe
http://www.dodmedia.osd.mil/DVIC_View/Still_Details.cfm?S
DAN=DFST9103520&JPGPath=/Assets/Still/1991/Air_Force/D
F-ST-91-03520.JPG

-
-
A strong Europe in a globalised
world:
Possible to compete with other economic giants (USA /
Japan / China…)
More coherent to tackle terrorism and organized crime
Coordinating foreign policies
Defend certain values: rule of law, human rights, peace
Historic Steps:

1951: The European Coal and Steel
Community (ECSC) is established by
the six founding members
-
France:
Germany:
The Netherlands:
Italy:
Belgium:
Luxembourg:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_France.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Germany.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Belgium.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
France
Germany
The Netherlands
Italy
Belgium
Luxembourg
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
France
Germany
The Netherlands
Italy
Belgium
Luxembourg
The Netherlands
Belgium
France
Germany
Luxembourg
Italy
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
Treaty of Paris (ECSC)
Family photo of those signing the Treaty of
Paris, from left to right: Paul van Zeeland,
Belgian Minister for Foreign Affairs; Joseph
Bech, Minister for Foreign Affairs and Foreign
Trade and Wine growing of Luxembourg; Joseph
Meurice, Belgian Minister for Foreign Trade;
Carlo Sforza, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs;
Robert Schuman, French Minister for Foreign
Affairs; Konrad Adenauer, German Federal
Chancellor; Dirk Stikker, Dutch Minister for
Foreign Affairs; and Johannes van den Brink,
Dutch Minister for Economic Affairs


1957: The Treaties of Rome
Beginning of the European Economic
Community (E.E.C.) and of Euratom in
1958

1973: The Community expands to
nine member states and develops its
common policies
Denmark:http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Denmark.svg
Republic of Ireland:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Ireland.svg
The United Kingdom:
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Denmark
The U.K
Rep. of Ireland
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
The U.K
Denmark
The U.K
Rep. Of of Ireland
Denmark
Rep of Ireland
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png

1979: The 1st direct elections to the
European Parliament (now held every
five years)
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:European-parliamentstrasbourg-inside.jpg

1981 & 1986: The 1st Mediterranean
enlargements
Greece: January 1981
Spain: January 1986
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Greece.svg
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Spain.svg
Portugal: January 1986
http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Portugal.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Greece
Spain
Portugal
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Greece
Spain
Portugal
Spain
Portugal
Greece
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
The single market
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President of the European
Commission Jacques Delors plan to
have a Single Market by 1992.
Leads to the Single European Act
(signed in 1986)
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Fall of Berlin Wall in 1989
Unification of Germany: October
1990 (‘silent’ EU enlargement?)

November 1993: The Treaty of Maastricht
establishes the European Union
CE | | P-001327/00-02 | 01/11/93

January 1995: The European Union
expands to 15 members
Austria:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Austria.svg
Finland:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Finland.svg
Sweden:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Sweden.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Austria
Finland
Sweden
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Austria
Finland
Sweden
Finland
Sweden
Austria
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png

2002: Euro notes and coins are
introduced
CE | | P-008484/00-9 | 2001
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Euro_coins_version_II.png
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Euro_banknotes.png
What is the value of 1 Euro?
= 1,24 $AUS
(17/12/2012)
CE | | P-008484/00-11 | 2001

A French baguette:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Baguette.png
A.
B.
C.
4€
1,50€
23,65€
B. 1,50€ (= 2,51 $AUS)

Spaghetti at a restaurant:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Spaghetti_bolognese.jpg
A.
B.
C.
16€
36€
45€
A. 16€ (= 26,8 $AUS)

A.
B.
C.
Thalys train ticket (Paris-Brussels)
one way – full fare:
39€
49€
99€
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Thalys_4343_Koeln.jpg
A. 39€ (= 48,69 $AUS)

2004: Ten more countries join the
European Union:
Poland: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Poland.svg
Estonia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Estonia.svg
Lithuania: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Lithuania.svg
Latvia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Latvia.svg
The Czech Republic: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg
Malta:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Malta.svg
Cyprus: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Cyprus.svg
Hungary:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Hungary.svg
Slovakia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Slovakia.svg
Slovenia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Slovenia.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Cyprus
The Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Cyprus
The Czech Republic
Estonia
Hungary
Latvia
Estonia
Latvia
The Czech Republic
Hungary
Cyprus
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Lithuania
Malta
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Lithuania
Malta
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Lithuania
Poland
Slovakia
Slovenia
Malta
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
Enlargement and neighbourhood
policy:

2007: 2 new countries
Bulgaria:
Romania:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Romania.svg
2013 Accession

Croatia is expected to join the EU on
July 1st 2013.
Croatia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Flag_of_Croatia.svg
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Bulgaria
Romania
Turkey
Croatia
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
Bulgaria
Romania
Croatia
Romania
Croatia
Bulgaria
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Europe_blank_map.png/1000px-Europe_blank_map.png
CE | | P-012620/00-04 | 07/02/2007
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How can a country become a
member of the European Union?
The Copenhagen Criteria (1993)
- Political Criteria: National institutions guaranteeing
democracy, human rights, rule of law, & respect of
minorities
- Economic Criteria: operational market economy
- Legislative Criteria: ability to implement EU legislation
How does the European Union
work ?

Languages:
-
Working languages: French, English and German
-
-
Official languages: the languages of the member states (i.e
23 languages)
Citizens can ask for any document in their own language
The Council of the European
Union
-
State representatives (national ministers)
6 months Presidency:
January 2013 to June 2013: Ireland
July 2013 to December 2013: Lithuania
-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kenny_2011.jpg
Edna Kenny – Taoiseach
(Prime Minister)
European Council
Heads of state or government of EU member states, President of the European
Commission, President of the European Council. The High Representative for Foreign
Affairs also takes part in its meetings.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/minister-president/5555966067/in/set-72157626347814212/
Herman Van Rompuy
European Council President
Catherine Ashton
High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and
Security Policy
The European Parliament
-
-
Represents EU citizens
3 locations:
- Secretariat in Luxembourg
- Strasbourg (plenaries)
- Brussels (committees/plenaries)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Europaparlament.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:EuroparliamentCROPPED.jpg
Elections: every 5 years / Last one in 2009
The European Commission
-
Represents the common European interest
1 Commissioner / member State (27)
Location : Brussels http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:European_Commission_outside.jpg
President : José Manuel Barroso
-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Jos%C3%A9_Manuel_Barroso_MEDEF.jpg
-
Also
-
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The Court of Justice
The Court of Auditors
European Economic and Social Committee
(Brussels)
The Committee of the Regions (Brussels)
The European Investment Bank
(Luxembourg)
The European Central Bank (Frankfurt am
Main)
What does the EU do ?

-
-
-
The Common Agricultural Policy: one
example
Very important in the EU budget : 36.83% nowadays (more
than 60% before the 1990s)
Subsidises farmers to not over produce and to respect the
environment
Italy, Spain & France : 3 major beneficiaries of this policy.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ClosLaPlanaEdit.jpg
A Citizens’ Europe

The Schengen Zone:
Reinforces the borders at the Schengen frontiers
No more frontiers inside: free to move, no need for a passport
The Schengen Zone also includes non-EU members
(Switzerland, Norway…)
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9d/French_passport_front_cover.jpg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Schengen_Agreement_map.svg
Schengen
• some member states signed the Schengen Agreement
on June 14 1985, under which all border controls would
be removed
• Who signed? France, Germany, the Benelux states. (By
the end of 1992, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain
signed too)
• Britain, Denmark and Ireland do not join
• Since then all EU member states have joined except
Britain and Ireland (limited membership covering police
cooperation but not asylum, visas and border controls)
• plus non EU member states: Iceland, Norway,
Switzerland
• The signatories can still implement controls and it does
not mean passport free travel everywhere

-
-
-
Erasmus:
Scholarships for European students to study for one
semester or one year at a European university
Building of a “Europe of students ”
Recognition of your semester(s) abroad
Provides access for students from disadvantaged
backgrounds to study abroad
2013 budget €490 million (.35% of EU budget)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eras.jpg
Europe & Australia

Economic links:
- Trade:
• The total value of goods and services trade with Europe
increased by 5.6% in 2011 to $93.1 billion.
• Australian exports to the EU inceased in value by 5.3%
in 2011 to $19 billion
• Europe accounts for 15.3% of Australia’s total trade in
goods and services.
• The EU accounted for 87.4% of Australia’s trade with
Europe
• Trade to Russia increased by 54.2%, and Norway by
28.6%
• Australia exports food (processed and unprocessed),
minerals (such as coal, iron and nickel), chemical and
engineering products
Source: http://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/stats-pubs/Australia-trade-withEurope-2011.pdf

Economic links:
- Imports:
• Australia’s major import sources in the EU in 2011 came
from Germany (up by 0.6%), the UK (up by 9%), Italy
(up 5.1%) and France (remained steady)
• Australia imports from Europe processed foods,
chemicals, engineered goods and manufactured goods
(such as household appliances & equipment)
- Investment:
• The EU as a bloc is Australia’s largest foreign investor
• EU foreign direct investment in Australia totalled A$143
billion — approximately 28.3% of Australia's total
inwards foreign direct investment
• The UK is the largest source of inward FDI (48.6%) from
the EU into Australia followed by the Netherlands
(22.9%) and Germany (10%)
The EU and Australia

Other cooperation :
- Political: Joint Declaration (1997)
- Australia engages in bilateral relations with each EU
member state
- Foreign policy & security:
-
-
-
tackle terrorism (exchange of info Australian Federal Police
and Europol/Jakarta Centre for Law Enforcement
Cooperation)
counter nuclear proliferation
Education: bilateral exchanges
Science & technology: research programmes (FEAST)
Environment, energy issues
Asia-Pacific Region: Aceh (EU monitoring mission), East
Timor
- Development cooperation in Pacific region
The EU and Australia



Other cooperation :
The Australia – European Union Partnership
Framework (CHAPEAU)
Launched in Paris in 2008, the framework covers:
• Shared foreign policy and global security interests
• The multilateral rules-based trading system and the
bilateral trade and investment relationship
• The Asia-Pacific region
• Energy issues, climate change and fisheries and forestry
• Science, research, technology and innovation, education
and culture and facilitating the movement of people.
Australian-EU meetings and
contacts
Meeting of Prime Minister Julia Gillard with European
Commission President Barroso in Canberra September 2011

Foreign Affairs Minister Bob Carr meeting with High
Representative Catherine Ashton in Brussels April 2012

2012 the 50th anniversary of Australian – EU relations

Regular ministerial consultations with the EU Council
presidency (foreign ministers level)
 Contacts between the Australian Parliament and the
European Parliament
(visit of MEPs to Australia in Feb 2007)

Delegation of the European Commission in Canberra (since
1981)

Australian-EU meetings and
contacts
Strengthening ties Between Australia and the EU
•Julia Gillard visited Brussels in October 2010 to attend the 8th
ASEM summit and to discuss a treaty level bilateral Framework
Agreement, met with Barrosso and Van Rompuy
•Barrosso visited Australia in September 2011 to hold bilateral
talks, the first Commission President to visit since 1982
•High Representative Catherine Ashton visited in October 2011,
opened negotiations on aid projects and the Framework
Agreement
•European Commissioner for Trade Karel De Gucht visited in
March 2012 for trade negotiations
•Foreign Minister Bob Carr met with Catherine Ashton in Brussels
in April 2012
The European Union: A process
still under construction

2005: The “NO-crisis”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Consttreat.jpg
-
“NO” from France and the Netherlands on a referendum
implementing a Treaty establishing a Constitution for
Europe
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:FR_referendum_EU_constitution.JPG

2008: The Lisbon Treaty
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tratado_de_Lisboa_13_12_2007_%28081%29.jpg
The Eurozone Crisis

How has the eurozone been affected by the
crisis?
• Greece: Debt in December 2009 is more than €300 billion,
113% of Greece’s GDP, bailout packages in 2010, 2011 in
exchange for tough austerity measures, credit rating
downgraded, mass protests against the austerity measures,
from socialist to technocrat to coalition governments
• Italy: High borrowing costs (7.5%), resignation of Silvio
Berlusconi, technocrat Mario Monti takes control, austerity
measures reaching €30 billion, violence and protests at austerity
measures, growth shrinking, Monti resigns
• Portugal: Credit rating downgraded, record high borrowing
costs, requests for €80 billion bailout package, 2011 protests
against austerity measures, healthcare cuts/rise in deaths
• Spain: Viewed as the next Greece, debt downgraded, loses
AAA credit rating, European Central Bank purchases bonds,
more than 5.3 million unemployed, €16.5 billion in spending
cuts, conservative party elected, austerity protests, banks seek
bailouts
• Ireland: Debt ratings downgraded, banks nationalised, credit
rating drops, €90 billion bailout by IMF in 2010, €21 billion in
2011, mass protests to spending cuts, house prices plummet
The Eurozone Crisis
The unemployment rate in the Eurozone is 11.7%,
rose by 2.174 million from October 2011- 2012
 Of this 11.7%, the countries with the highest levels of
unemployment are:
•
Spain (26.2%)
•
Greece (25.4%)
•
Portugal (16.3%)
•
Ireland (14.7%)
Compare this with
•
Germany (5.4%)
•
Australia (5.2%)

Source:http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_PUBLIC/3-30112012-BP/EN/3-30112012-BP-EN.PDF
Youth Unemployment 2012
Source:
http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/images/a/ac/Unemployment_rates%
2C_seasonally_adjusted%2C_October_2012.png
Nobel Peace Prize


The EU was awarded the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize "for
over six decades [having] contributed to the
advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy
and human rights in Europe".
Nobel committee president Thorbjoern
Jagland highlighted the EU’s work on:
• Reconciliation between France and Germany
• The incorporation of post-authoritarian states such as Greece,
Portugal and Spain
• The reconciliation of Balkan states.

The EU donated its prize money to children affected by
war, known as the ‘Children of Peace Initiative’
Nobel Peace Prize
Eurovision
Source :
http://www.agoravox.fr/IMG/euro
vision2006.jpg
Source :
http://cache.kotaku.com/assets/resources/2007/10/eurovision.jpg






First held in 1956
43 countries and 24 in the finale
Controversially held in Azerbaijan,
2013 competition taking place in Mälmo, Sweden
Big Four: France, UK, Ireland, Luxembourg
2012 winner: Loreen from Sweden
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Loreen_Eurovision_2012_
winner.jpg
Green
Countries that have already
selected their entrant and/ or
song
Red
Countries that did not qualify for
the final
Yellow
Countries that participated in the
past but will not in 2012
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ESC_2012_Map.svg
Sport

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UEFA: Union of European Football Associations
53 national associations
UEFA European Football Championship: started in 1958 and
finals in 1960.
Current winner: Chelsea (England)/ Most successful team :
Real Madrid (Spain)
UEFA Nations
Green
UEFA member country that has been represented in the group stage
Blue
UEFA member country that has not been represented in the group
stage
Grey
Not a UEFA member
NATO
Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:
History_of_NATO_enlargement.s
vg
Questions ?