PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
LESSON 1: COMMUNICATION PROCESSES,
PRINICPLES AND ETHICS
Communication
o derived from the latin word “common,” which
means, “belonging to many” and “communico” to
confer with others
o it is the mutual exchange of information, ideas and
understanding by any effective means
Elements of Communication
1. Sender
o also known as the encoder (giving the
message or the information), decides on the
message to be sent and the best/most
effective way that it can be sent
o facilitator of the information
2. Medium
o the immediate form which a message takes
o ex. oral
o serves as the means of communication
o is an abstraction, can be oral, written or nonverbal
3. Channel
o responsible for the delivery of the chosen
message form
o ex. tv broadcast (information needs to be
process)
o refers to the means of transmission of a
message between the sender and the receiver
o it is concrete and could be a letter, a report, a
book, a memorandum, a fax, an email, the
television, the telephone
4. Receiver
o also known as the decoder, responsible for
extracting/decoding meaning from the
message
5. Feedback
o is important as it determines whether or not
the decoder grasped the intended meaning
and whether communication was successful
6. Context
o Communication does not take place in a
vacuum. The context of any communication
act is the environment surrounding it.
where the communication take place, where
it happens (setting or the place of
communication)
7. Noise (interference)
o any factor that inhibits the transmission of a
message
o it is anything that gets in the way of the
message
being
accurately
received,
interpreted and responded to
o
LESSON 2: PRINCIPLES AND
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION
Communication is a Schema-driven
o Communication begins within yourself, you begin
with what you have already stocked in your brain
or with what you have already known or
understood about the subject matter of the
commutative act.
o Transmitted messages become understandable or
meaningful because of your innate or old
knowledge about the messages.
o Schema – prior/background knowledge
Communication is an interpretative act
o The only person who knows the exact or full
meaning of the message transmitted is the sender
or the speaker.
o Being the creator or source of ideas, he/she has the
absolute knowledge about his message.
o It is called interpretative act because of the role of
the receiver or the listener is just to interpret, infer,
or guess the meaning of things appearing to his
sense of hearing.
o Two are responsible: the sender, the one who
really knows the message and the receiver, the
responsible to interpret the meaning
Communication does not guarantee a direct or
automatic link between two minds
o These forms of knowledge become meaningful
only to other when you initiate communication
with them.
o You will not know what other or someone wants
to say unless they decide to convey it to you, to
start a communication that can be interpret when
they start talking or to have a conversation where
you can now interpret based on their words.
Communication is active, powerful, or forceful
o Communication is powerful and forceful for it
elicits different meaning or reactions, these
messages are prone to change.
o Subjected to the changeable and continued
existence of the world, communication is dynamic
(process or system characterized by constant
change) as life goes on and on like a river.
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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
o
It is active as communication and language are
dynamic (changing) it can change in a matter of
second.
Communication is symbolic
o Symbol, signs, or marks like letters, words,
sentences, graphs, pictures and other concrete
objects represent or stand for ideas that you intend
to convey verbally.
o For non-verbal communication, you resort to
bodily actions (gestures, eye movements, posture,
facial expressions) voice quality, space and time
elements to stand for the ideas you want to
express.
Communication always results in something
o Refers to two or more persons participate in any
communicative act. First, expresses or sends a
message; the second, responds or reacts to the
message.
o Feedback – results into something
Communication is irreversible
o You are free to talk about anything under the sun.
But once you utter something, the things you have
said remains as it is susceptible to different
interpretations or meaning.
o It instantly creates a impact to the listener. Any
attempt to repeat, retrieve, or reverse what you’ve
said will not work to bring back and change the
effects of the first statement.
Communication is contextual
o Exchange of views, ideas, or feelings doesn’t only
involve the sender and the receiver, but also the
other aspects of the communication setting like
time, place, topic, occasion, purpose, and manner
of communication.
o It is where the environment or the communication
takes place.
Communication is developmental or progressive
o To communicate ideas is to go through the
different stages of language learning that begins
from birth to elementary, high school, and the
college levels. It is not a one time learning towards
communicative competence.
Communication is process
o Several stages of communication take place when
people exchange or share ideas with one another.
Each stage involves elements with different
functions.
Communication is ethical
o Any communication event is expected to apply
rules, moral values, and beliefs agreed upon by
societal members.
o
Guided by these standards determined by the
cultural group you belong to, your communication
becomes ethical, good or desirable instead of
wrongful and full of misinterpretation
communication.
LESSON 3: COMMUNICATION CUES
(VERBAL AND NON-VERBAL LANGUAGE)
Verbal Language
o Consists of symbols like letters, words, and other
marks that you need to subject to language or
grammar rules for a coherent or organized means
of understanding or expressing ideas.
Non-Verbal Language
o Norms for non-verbal communication vary from
country to country and also among cultures within
a particular country,
o Some non-verbal communication behaviors
appear to be somewhat innate because they are
universally recognized.
1. Body Movements
- Big and small movements of your body
like gestures, facial expressions, posture
and eye behavior express meanings.
- Kinesics, derived from the Greek term,
kinesis, meaning “motion” which refers
to the study of body movements.
2. Paralanguage
- Extra sounds that go with your spoken
words and a study of these special sounds
accompanying your words is called
Paralinguistic.
- Speaking voice produced by your voice
- Vocalization or voice’s special usage like
crying, giggling, moaning, growling,
yawning, sighing and groaning.
- Vocal pauses or boosters like (ohh!
umm…oh…shh…oops)
3. Time (Chronemics)
- Your willingness, hesitance, or hatred to
wait for a long time speaks your trait of
patience or impatience. Likewise, this
reflects your manner of valuing your
relationship with the object of your
waiting. Your trait of optimism is also
proven by your fondness of talking about
your goals, dreams, or plans for the future.
- Chronemics is the term that refers to your
act of studying the impact or effect of time
on your behavior.
4. Proxemics
- Space or distance symbolizes or
represents your thoughts or feelings about
your world.
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PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
-
Likewise, your body contacts, physical
closeness with people, acts of touching or
patting them, or maintaining a wide or
narrow gap between you and the other
party, expresses meanings on the extent of
intimacy or personal relationship you can
establish with others.
5. Physical Appearance and Object Language
- Symbolized or represented by dressing
styles, body types, body appearance like
size or shape, architectural designs or
structures, art objects graphic materials,
lightning effects, aromatic or smelly
objects, and other environmental factors
that influence or affect any commutative
event.
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