X-rays
Radiography
Computed Tomography (CT)
Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT)
Positron Emission Tomography
(PET)
Non-ionizing radiation techniques
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (RMI)
Echography
Medipix detectors
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This image shows a very large rounded mass filling the upper zone of the right lung.
Whenever there is an abnormal area of shadowing (increased density/whiteness) in the lungs,
the diagnosis of infection or cancer should be considered likely causes
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The right hilum is grossly abnormal in this image - compare with the left side where the normal
vascular structures of the hilum are clearly defined.
Blunting of the right costophrenic angle and formation of a ‘meniscus’ are typical features of a
pleural effusion.
Lung cancer was confirmed following bronchoscopy and biopsy
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Dense shadowing at the right upper zone is due to collapse of the right upper lobe.
The horizontal fissure (white dotted line) is raised from its normal position (red line) because of
volume loss of the collapsed right upper lobe.
This is the 'Golden S' sign - a sign highly predictive of lung cancer obstructing the right upper
lobe bronchus.
upper GI barium
test.
The arrows outline
the area of irregular
mucosa which was
caused by an
invasive gastric
carcinoma.
Single contrast
study from the
same patient
showing the
apple core
appearance of
the stomach due
to the invasive
gastric
adenocarcinoma.
• Mammography (also called mastography) is the process of using lowenergy X-rays (usually around 30 kVp) to examine the human breast for
diagnosis and screening.
• The goal of mammography is the early detection of breast cancer, typically
through detection of characteristic masses or microcalcifications.
• As with all X-rays, mammograms use doses of ionizing radiation to create
images. These images are then analyzed for abnormal findings.
• Mammography
may be 2D or 3D
(tomosynthesis),
depending on the
available
equipment and/or
purpose of the
examination.
Normal Vs Breast cancer
Mammographically occult breast cancer.This woman underwent screening because of
a strong family history of breast cancer in her father. Digital x-ray mammography was
unrevealing (A). Contrast-enhanced MRI discovered a spiculated mass in the posterior
breast (B). Targeted ultrasonography showed no mass.Magnetic resonance imaging–
guided biopsy revealed a small invasive ductal carcinoma.
Osteochondroma is an overgrowth of cartilage and bone that
happens at the end of the bone near the growth plate.
Osteochondroma of Proximal Femur
Proximal Fibula Osteochondroma