NORMAL LAB VALUES:
Hematology:
Albumin, serum — 3.5-5.5 g/dL (35-55 g/L)
Bleeding time — less than 10 min
Creatinine, serum — 0.7-1.3 mg/dL (61.9-115 μmol/L)
Hematocrit:
Male — 41%-51%
Female — 36%-47%
Blood glucose = 70-110mg/dl
Hemoglobin, blood:
Male — 14-17 g/dL (140-170 g/L)
Female — 12-16 g/dL (120-160 g/L)
Platelet count — 150,000-350,000/µL
Prothrombin time — 11-13 s
Leukocyte count — 4000-10,000/µL
Blood gases, arterial (ambient air):
pH — 7.35-7.45
PaCo2— 35-45 mm Hg (respiratory)
Bicarbonate (HCO3) — 22-26 meq/L(metabolic)
PaO2 — 80-100 mm Hg
Oxygen saturation — 95% or greater
Electrolytes, serum:
Sodium — 136-145 meq/L
Potassium — 3.5-5.0 meq/L
Chloride — 98-106 meq/L
Serum Ca - 9.0 to 10.5 mg/dL (2.25 to 2.75 mmol/L)
Magnesium, serum — 1.5-2.4 mg/dL (0.62-0.99 mmol/L)
Blood urea nitrogen — 8-20 mg/dL (2.9-7.1 mmol/L
serum phosphate - 3.0 to 4.5 mg/dL (0.97 to 1.45 mmol/L)
URINE:
Urine specific gravity - 1.010 to 1.030 (decrease=diluted; increased=concentrated)
OB:
Lecithin sphingomyelin ratio(L/S)= 2.0 to 2.5
<2.0 immature lung development
PSYCH MEDS:
Lithium, serum
Initial mgmt = 1-1.5 mEq/L
Maintenance = 0.8-1.2 mEq/L
CONVERSIONS:
1 oz = 30mL
1 kg = 2.2lb
1 lb = 0.45kg
NCLEX TIP:
Sweating (diaphoresis) on NCLEX is never normal!
*probable symptom of M.I, treat as priority!
Lispro (fast acting); genetically modified
Regular (short acting); Always CLEAR
Isophane (NPH) intermediate acting; genetically modified - CLOUDY
Glargine (Lantus) long-acting; genetically modified; NOT MIXED W/ OTHER INSULINS
*CLEAR can be added to CLOUDY, CLOUDY cannot be added to CLEAR
Braden Scale for Pressure Injury
1=completely limited
2=very limited
3=slightly limited
4=no impairment
Interpretation:
High risk= 10-12
Moderate risk= 13-14
Mild risk= 15-18
No risk= 19-23
ANTICHOLINERGIC EFFECTS:
I cannot see (blurred vision)
I cannot pee
I can stool
I cannot drool
Fire safety: RACE
RESCUE
ALARM
CONFINE - close doors and windows
EXTINGUISH/EVACUATE
Digoxin plasma level = 0.8-2ng/mL (1.03-2.56 nmol/L)
WARFARIN THERAPY:
desired goal for INR= 2.5-3.5
LEVELES OF INTERVENTIONS:
Primary prevention - health promotion and prevention of illness
Secondary prevention - health screening, early detection and prompt intervention
Tertiary prevention - rehabilitation, preventing deterioration and improving quality of life
PRECAUTIONS:
AIRBORNE: Measles(Rubeola), TB
DROPLET: diphtheria, rubella, streptococcal pharyngitis, pertussis, and mumps
CONTACT: multidrug resistant infections and Clostridium difficile
COMPENSATED: Normal pH, abnormal Pco2 & HCO3
Problem: Respitory; Kidneys compensate hours to days
Problem: Metabolic, Lungs compensate immediately
MODEM:
http://192.168.254.254/
D96361A7C13