elements
known elements in the
periodic table
naturally occurring
are synthesize in
laboratories
Dalton’s Symbols
Element’s name can be based on:
Color
Chlorine Greek “chloros” meaning
greenish yellow
Element’s name can be based on:
Color
Iodine Greek “iodes” meaning
violet
Element’s name can be based on:
Color
Cesium Latin “coesus” meaning
skyblue
Element’s name can be based on:
Color
Iridium Latin “iris” meaning
rainbow
Element’s name can be based on:
Color
Rubidium Latin “rubidos”
meaning deepest red
Element’s name can be based on:
People
einsteinium from Albert Einstein
the proponent of relativity theory
Element’s name can be based on:
People
curium from Pierre and Marie
Curie the discoverers of radium
Element’s name can be based on:
People
fermium from Enrico Fermi,
pioneer in nuclear physics
Element’s name can be based on:
People
nobelium from Alfred Nobel the
inventor of the dynamite and the
founder of Nobel Prize
Element’s name can be based on:
People
mendelevium from Dmitry
Mendeleev the chief architect of the
periodic table
Element’s name can be based on:
Places
americium from America
Element’s name can be based on:
Places
californium from California
Element’s name can be based on:
Places
germanium from Germany
Element’s name can be based on:
Places
francium from France
Element’s name can be based on:
Places
ytterbium from Ytterby, a town in
Sweden
Element’s name can be based on:
Heavenly Bodies
cerium from asteroid Ceres
Element’s name can be based on:
Heavenly Bodies
helium from Greek “helios” the sun
Element’s name can be based on:
Heavenly Bodies
neptunium from the planet
Neptune
Element’s name can be based on:
Heavenly Bodies
mercury from the planet Mercury
Element’s name can be based on:
Heavenly Bodies
uranium from the planet Uranus
Element’s name can be based on:
Miscellaneous
Aluminum from Latin “alumen”
alum
Element’s name can be based on:
Miscellaneous
Argon from Greek “argos” inactive
Element’s name can be based on:
Miscellaneous
barium from Greek “barys” heavy
Element’s name can be based on:
Miscellaneous
calcium from Latin “calx” lime
Element’s name can be based on:
Miscellaneous
fluorine from Latin “fleure” to
flow
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
The element’s symbol consist of
one, two, or three letters with
the first letter in uppercase and
the remaining letter/s in
lowercase.
It is usually derive from the
element’s chemical name.
Element
Latin Name
Symbol
Antimony
Copper
Gold
Iron
Potassium
stibium
cuprum
aurum
ferrum
kalium
Sb
Cu
Au
Fe
K
Element
Latin Name
Symbol
Lead
Mercury
Silver
Sodium
Tin
plumbum
hydragyrum
argentum
natrium
stannum
Pb
Hg
Ag
Na
Sn
John
Dalton
(1766-1844)
developed the atomic
theory in the early part of
19th century
Jons Jacob Berzelius
(1779-1848)
A Swiss chemist who
proposes the use of letters
as symbols for elements
oxida +
ion
numbers
oxidanumbers
+ ion
is the positive or negative number associated
with the ability of an atom to lose or gain
electrons
Group
1A
1+
2A
2+
3A
3+
4A
2+
4+
4-
5A
5+
3-
6A
6+
2-
7A
7+
1-
oxidanumbers
+ ion
+
-
The common positive oxidation numbers of
all elements is the group number.
Nonmetals starting from group 4A to 7A
can have negative oxidation numbers equal
to the group number minus 8.
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
The oxidation number of an uncombined
element is ZERO.
-
oxidanumbers
+ ion
In a compound, the less electronegative
element is assigned a positive oxidation
number and the more electronegative
one is assigned a negative oxidation
number.
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
the sum of the positive and negative
oxidation numbers is zero
1+
_
H2O2
+
2( 1)
+
( 2)=0
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
the sum of the positive and negative
oxidation numbers is zero
6+
2
S2O3
+
( 6)
+
3( 2)=0
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
hydrogen in most compounds has an
oxidation number of (+1), an exception to
this convention is in hydrides where the
oxidation number of hydrogen is ( 1)
when attached to metals like magnesium
hydride (MgH2)
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
The oxidation number of oxygen is (-2),
except in peroxides where the oxidation
number is (-1) and in OF2 where its
oxidation number is (+2)
+
oxidanumbers
+ ion
Electronegative elements in group 7A
such as F, Br, Cl, and I generally exhibit
the oxidation number of (-1) in most
compounds
CLASSIFICATION OF IONS
Classification
Examples
2+, Li+, Mg2+, N3-, O2-, FFe
monoatomic
by
composition polyatomic
kind
of charge
SO42- , ClO3- , CO32-
cation
Na+, Mg2+, Al3+
anion
Cl-,O2-,I-
magnitude of monovalent Li+, K+, OHcharge
divalent
Ca2+, SO42-, Cu2+
monoa+omic
ion
the oxidation number is properly written
after the + or - sign
polya+omic
ion
the sum of the oxidation numbers of an
individual ion is known as charge, it is
written first before the + or the - sign
Quick Qui
Group
1A
1+
2A
2+
3A
3+
4A
2+
4+
4-
5A
5+
3-
6A
6+
2-
7A
7+
1-
Using the table, assign oxidation numbers to each
component element in the following compounds:
1. NaBr
2. BaCl2
3. Al2O3
4. CaS
5. H2O2