Gland
Hormone
Action
Pineal
Melatonin
Circadian Rhythm
Anterior Pituitary
GH
Cell Growth
**More info in Table 61-2
p.1258(in old Med-Surg
book)
Posterior Pituitary
ADH
Water Balance
Thyroid
T3/T4
Metabolism (speeds up)
*Results in an increase in
oxygen use and heat
production*
Calcitonin
Lowers Blood Calcium and
Phosphorus (Calcium enters
the bone and exits the blood)
Nutrition aspect: Intake of protein
and iodine needed to produce thyroid
hormone
Side note:
↑ Serum Ca=Calcitonin get
to work!
↓Serum Ca= Block Calcitonin
Parathyroid
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Nutrition aspect: Vitamin D needed
to help with function
Raises blood Calcium;
Increases bone resorption
(Calcium exits the bone and
enters the blood)
Side note:
↑Serum Ca=Block PTH
↓Serum Ca= PTH do your
thing!
p.1260 (more info in
Parathyroid Glands section in
old book)
Pancreas
Insulin (secreted by beta cells)
Lowers blood sugar
(enhances glucose movement
across cell membranes and
into cells of many tissues)
Adrenal Cortex (Think covering NOT
core)
Adrenal Medulla (Think Middle/Core)
Glucagon (secreted by alpha cells)
Raises blood sugar (triggered
by decreased blood sugar
levels)
Somatostatin (secreted by delta cells
Inhibits release of Insulin and
Glucagon
Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
Affects:
• The body’s response
to stress.
• Carbohydrate,
protein and fat
metabolism.
• Emotional stability
• Immune function
• Na+ and H20 balance
Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone)
Maintains ECF volume.
(Promotes Na+ and H20
reabsorption and K+
excretion in the kidney
tubules)
Catecholamines (Epinephrine and
Norepinephrine)
“Fight or flight”
Picture in PPT on p.5
Ovary
Estrogen
Female sex characteristics
Testes
Testosterone
Male sex characteristics