Cell Structure and
Function
Organelle
Specialized unit within the cell that has a
specific function.
Think of your organs in your body.
Do all organisms need all of
these organelles?
As we go over these organelles,
please keep in mind which ones
are in Prokaryotic cells and
which ones are in Eukaryotic
cells.
Nucleus
Control center of the cell. Stores and protects DNA.
Like the main office of the school.
LABEL the nucleolus- Function is to make RIBOSOMES!
Ribosome
Site of protein synthesis
Office messengers to bring info out of the office.
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse. Makes Adenosine Tri-Phosphate (ATP),
the molecule all life uses for energy.
School generator.
Chloroplast
Filled with chlorophyll. This organelle, found ONLY in
plant cells, makes food for the plants.
Turns light energy into CHEMICAL energy.
School cafeteria.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Rough ER is lined with ribosomes and aids in
folding/transport of proteins.
Smooth ER aids in transport/processing of lipids.
Like the school’s hallways.
Golgi Body (Apparatus)
Involved in packaging and shipment of proteins
Mail, post, office.
Lysosome
What does Lys mean?
Lys means to break things
down.
Small vessicles, membrane
bound packages, containing
digestive enzymes.
Trash or cleanup crew of the
cell. Lysosomes breakdown
and remove waste.
Central Vacuole
Storage of
water, food, and
waste.
Structural
support
Found ONLY in
plant cells.
Cell (Plasma) Membrane
Cell Wall
Protection/structural support for plant cells ONLY
Cilia and flagella
Made of protein strands. Used for
movement.
Cytoplasm
Cyto= Cell
Plasm= Liquid
Gel like liquid that holds all things inside
the cell.
Cytoskeleton
Protein fibers that holds organelles in
place.
Centrioles
Aid in cell division by moving
chromosomes.
ONLY in Animals