ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
1
2008
INTRODUCTION
1897:
J.J. Thomson (1856-1940) discovered the electron. Development of the new
science trend began.
http://library.thinkquest.org/C006224/history.html
History of Transistor
Origins of Electronics – in Physics
PHYSICS
ELECTRO ENGINEERING
ELECTRONICS
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
2
2008
INTRODUCTION
Electrical Engineering is defined as the science and technology of
motion of electrons in metals, devices (motors, generators, light bulbs
and others), circuits and systems used for generation, distribution and
conversion of electric energy.
Electronics is defined as the science and technology of the motion of
charges on a gas, vacuum, or semiconductor used for information
processing.
Electrical engineering
Electronics
VGTU EF ESK
electric energy
information processing
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
3
2008
INTRODUCTION
The most important achievements in science are applied for
transmission and processing of information.
... Besides electrons, photons are used. Besides charges, magnetic
properties of electrons are used for processing and storage of
information.
Microelectronics transforms to nanoelectronics.
Processes at molecular level, quantum effects and processes in
biological systems will be used for information processing in future.
Sometimes Electronics is defined as 4C:
components (komponentai, įtaisai),
communication (ryšiai),
computation (kompiuterija) ir
control (automatika, valdymas).
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
4
2008
INTRODUCTION
The final goal of FE:
Acquirement of knowledge, necessary for studies of
structures, operation and properties of semiconductor and
electronic devices (semiconductor diodes, transistors,
thyristors, integrated circuits, acoustic electronics devices,
optical electronics devices, display devices, …).
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
5
2008
1833: M.Faraday (sometimes he is referred as the best experimentalist in the
history) discovered that silver sulphate had semiconductor property – its
electrical conductivity increased with temperature.
1874: K.Braun discovered unidirectional conductivity of metal-semiconductor
contact. This effect was applied in crystal detectors.
1897: J.J. Thomson discovered the electron.
1911: R. Rutherford proposed the planet type model of atom
1913: N. Bohr made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic
structure and quantum mechanics. He proposed the quantum theory of the
hydrogen atom and published his postulates.
1925 -1926: W. Heisenberg, M. Born, E. Schrodinger, P. Dirac, E. Fermi and
other physicists developed the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
1926 -1940: A. Somerfeld, W. Schottky, N.F. Mott, L. Brillouin, F. Bloch, and
oher physicists developed the fundamentals of solid state physics (energy band
theory of solids).
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
6
2008
1938: W.Schottky developed the metal-semiconductor junction theory.
1947: J. Bardeen and W.H. Brattain invented the first (germanium point contact)
transistor.
1949: W. Schockley created the theory of the junction transistor.
1957: precise technology of SiO2 layers was developed.
1958: planar transistor was created.
1959: J. Kilby (Texas Instruments) built the first germanium integrated circuit (IC)
and R. Noyce (Fairchild Semiconductors) produced the first silicon IC.
1961: Both (Fairchild Semiconductors and Texas Instruments) were producing
ICs commercially.
1968: The first ICs were made in Lithuania.
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
7
2008
Pentium 4: 0,13 µm technology, 170 mln. transistors...
Itanium 2: 0,09 nm technologija, 109 (miliard) tranzistors...
IEEE Spectrum, May 2004:
100 mln. tranzistors for every human on the planet, ...
semiconductor devices capable to operate in the terahertz
range are developed, …
from 2005 – 65 nm technology, …
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt
ELEKTRONIKOS PAGRINDAI
8
2008
http://library.thinkquest.org/C006224/history.html
VGTU EF ESK
stanislovas.staras@el.vgtu.lt