Medieval Europe
Elizabeth Nguyen
7.6.1
• 1. Study the geography of the Europe and
the Eurasian land mass, including its
location, topography, waterways,
vegetation, and climate and their
relationship to ways of life in Medieval
Europe.
7.6.2
• 2. Describe the spread of Christianity
north of the Alps and the roles played by the
early church and by monasteries in its
diffusion after the fall of the western half of
the Roman Empire.
Spread of Christianity
• AD 400s
• Gregory I, Gregory the Great
– AD 590 to 604
– Monks to become missionaries
• Southern Britain
• Northern Britain
Monasteries
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School
Food and rest
Hospital care
Taught carpentry and weaving
Developed better methods for farming
Preserve knowledge
Abbot: leader of a monastery
7.6.4
• 4. Demonstrate an understanding of the
conflict and cooperation between the
Papacy and European monarchs
e.g., Charlemagne, Gregory VII,
Emperor Henry IV
• Charlemagne
– AD 800, declared the new Roman emperor
• 1073, Gregory VII
• Henry IV
• 1122, Concordat of Worms
7.6.3
• 3. Understand the development of
feudalism, its role in the medieval European
economy, the way in which it was
influenced by physical geography (the role
of the manor and the growth of towns), and
how feudal relationships provided the
foundation of political order.
Feudalism
• Nobles governed and protected in
return for services such as fighting in a
noble’s army or farming the land
• Based on ties of loyalty and duty
• Lords and vassals
• Fief- grant
Farming
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Heavy wheel plow with iron blade
Horse collar
Water mills/ wind mills
Rotated crops
Trade
• Increase in trading
• Trading companies and banks
• Guilds
– New middle class
7.6.5
• 5. Know the significance of developments
in medieval English legal and constitutional
practices and their importance in the rise of
modern democratic thought and
representative institutions (e.g., Magna
Carta, parliament, development of habeas
corpus, an independent judiciary in
England).
England, “Angleland”
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King Alfred, ruled from AD 871 to 899
William the Conqueror
Henry II, ruled from 1154 to 1189
King John
1215, the Magna Carta
– Habeas corpus
• 1200s, King Edward- parliament
7.6.6
• 6. Discuss the causes and course of the
religious Crusades and their effects on the
Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations
in Europe, with emphasis on the increasing
contact by Europeans with cultures of the
Eastern Mediterranean world.
Crusades
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1071, attack of Byzantine Empire
1095, Pope Urban II
First crusade, captured Jerusalem
Second crusade, Muslims captured
Edessa
• Third crusade, Saladin captures
Jerusalem