Fascism/ Nazism &
Totalitarism
Fascism
• Extreme Militarism
• Loyalty to state and
obedience to its leader.
• Extreme Nationalism
2
Nazism
• German brand of fascism.
• National Socialist German
Workers’ Party (aka: Nazi).
• More of a practice than a form
of government.
3
• Extreme Nationalism.
Totalitarianism
• Political Gov’t system
• People totally subjected to
state/authority
• No freedom or privacy
4
• Strong military enforcement
to lead country
Benito Mussolini
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Italians angry because
territory was not gained
during Treaty of Versailles.
•Unemployment up, taxes up
trade down = Civil unrest
•Organized the Fascist Party
– Wanted to stop the
Communist & Socialist
Revolutionaries
•Mussolini becomes Prime
Minister of new government.
5
Benito Mussolini
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Promised to revive Italy’s
economy & military
•1925: Mussolini known as
“Il Duce”. (eel-DOO-chay)
•Censored press, restricts
voting, has secret police
brings economy under state
control.
•Children taught to obey
strict military discipline.
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Adolf Hitler
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Encouraged territorial
expansion of Germany lost in
the Treaty of Versailles.
•Wanted to strengthen
industry and military.
•Hitler seemed to provide
solutions to Germany’s
problems.
•1933: became Chancellor of
Germany.
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Adolf Hitler
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•NAZI: National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
•Suspended civil rights,
destroyed communists,
ended political & economic
freedom.
•Created brutal system of
terror:
SS troops (secret
police)
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The Gestapo
Joseph Stalin
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R
•1901: Joined the Social
Democratic Labor Party.
•Helped to organize
industrial resistance to
Tsarism.
•In 1924: After Lenin’s death,
Stalin took of the New
Economic Party.
•His Goal: Make USSR a
world power
9
Joseph Stalin
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R
•Planned to industrialize the
USSR (Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics)
•Secret police “KGB” spied
on citizens & executes
anyone who might oppose
him (genocide).
•He makes a deal with Hitler
to not attack each other.
10
General Hideki Tojo
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan
•Japanese Emperor was
Taisho (weak).
•General Hideki Tojo was
the real leader.
•Major goal was to rule all
of Asia.
•Policy: Industrialization
& Militarism
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General Hideki Tojo
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan
•Japan is in need of raw
materials (oil)
•Invaded Korea (1905),
Manchuria & China (1937)
•Challenged League of Nations
and withdrew.
•League of Nations has no
power to condemn for invasion
•When Japan invades the rest
of China, President Roosevelt
cuts off oil supply to Japan.
12
Causes of World War II
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Major Leaders
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Germany
Benito Mussolini
Italy
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Major Leaders
Hideki Tojo
Japanese Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
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British Prime Minister
Major Leaders
Joseph Stalin
Russian Leader
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
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US President