WWI Refresher

How did WWI end?
 Consequences for Germany:




Claim full responsibility for the war
Pay war reparations (pay for the
damage)
Seriously reduce/get rid of it’s military
How do you think Germany felt after
the Treaty of Versailles?
Objectives:

Content: Predict how Germany felt after
World War I.

Learning: List the countries each leader
was from and which alliance they were
on.
Causes of World War II
1. Political instability and
economic devastation in
Europe because of World
War I
 High war debt owed
by Germany
 High inflation
 Worldwide depression
 Massive
unemployment
The value of money decreased because
so much was being printed

In 1914:
1 US dollar = 4.2 Marks

In 1923:
1 US dollar = 4.2 Rentenmarks
Which is =
4,200,000,000,000 Marks
2.
Rise of Fascism
 Fascism is a
political
philosophy in
which total
power is given to
a dictator and
individual
freedoms are
denied

Fascist dictators
included Adolf
Hitler, Benito
Mussolini, and
Hideki Tojo

These dictators
led the countries
that became
known as the
Axis Powers
Axis Powers
Country
Leader
Italy
Germany
Japan
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
Hideki Tojo
Benito Mussolini Italian Dictator 1922 - 1943
•
Fascist Italian dictator
•
Led March on Rome in
1922 to show his power
•
The King of Italy (Victor
Emmanuel III) appointed
him Prime Minister
•
Mussolini took full power
after the king’s death
•
Banned all other political
parties
•
Believed Italy needed to
restore glory and territory
of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
Adolf Hitler German Dictator 1933-1945
•
Looked to Mussolini’s
rise to power as an
example
•
Became leader of a
fascist group
commonly called the
Nazi Party
•
Promised to end war
reparations, create jobs,
rearm Germany, and
restore its former glory
•
Blamed Jews for
world’s problems
Adolf Hitler German Dictator 1933-1945
•
Believed Germany needed
to expand and create a
better society at all costs –
as outlined in his
autobiography, Mein Kampf
•
Chancellor of Germany in
1933 then takes title of “Der
Fuhrer”
•
Totalitarian leader
•
Used brutal system of
terror to achieve goals (SS,
SA, Gestapo)
•
Ignored the Treaty of
Versailles and began his
military quest
First Reich
Second Reich
Germany 1930
Germany 1919
Hideki Tojo Japanese Prime Minister
1941-1944
•
Emperor Hirohito was in
charge, but the military
had the real power
•
Tojo was the General of
the Japanese Imperial
Army
•
Was appointed Prime
Minister during the war
by Hirohito
•
Wanted to expand the
Japanese Empire and
make it respected at all
costs
The Allies
Country
France
Great Britain
Canada
United States
Soviet Union
(in 1941)
Leader
Albert François Lebrun
Winston Churchill
William Lyon
Mackenzie King
Franklin D. Roosevelt
and Harry S. Truman
Joseph Stalin

The Democratic
nations (United States,
Great Britain, and
Canada) were known
as the Allies

The Soviet Union was
not a democratic
country but they joined
the Allies after they
were invaded by
Germany in 1941.
United States Presidents
Franklin D. Roosevelt
1933-1945
Harry Truman
1945-1953
U.S. Presidents

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) was
President of the United States throughout
the war until his death on April 12, 1945

FDR’s successor was Vice President
Harry Truman
Winston Churchill British Prime Minister
1940-1945 & 1951-1955
•
Became Prime Minister
during WWII.
•
He was chosen based on
his strong stance against
Germany and belief in
Britain fighting back.
•
Was one of the most
popular Prime Ministers
ever in Great Britain.
https://youtu.be/MkTw3_PmKtc
Joseph Stalin Soviet Union Dictator 1928-1953
•
Participated in the Russian
Revolution of 1917
•
Lenin led the Soviet Union in
1922 and established
Communism.
•
After Lenin's death in 1928,
Stalin conspired against all of
his own political comrades
until he gained complete
power.
•
Totalitarian leader who used
terror to accomplish goals.
The War Begins…

Germany had been expanding and breaking
the Treaty of Versailles during the 1930s.

Germany signed the Munich Agreement,
which gave them a part of Czechoslovakia as
long as Hitler stopped trying to take any more
territory.

In August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union
signed a nonaggression pact. In the pact, they
agreed not to declare war on each other.
But it didn’t work…

Hitler broke his
promise! On September
1, 1939 Germany
invaded Poland. The
Soviet Union also
invaded Poland and the
Baltic nations.

Two days later, Great
Britain and France
declared war on
Germany. World War II
had begun!

http://youtu.be/G1HDuqAU5U4