Fascism/ Nazism &
Totalitarism
Fascism
• Extreme Militarism
• Extreme Nationalism
• Loyalty to state and obedience to its
leader  supreme rule
• One-party rule / dictator
• Denied individual rights
• Believed each class had its own place
& function (hate Communists!)
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Nazism
• German brand of fascism.
• National Socialist German Workers’
Party (aka: Nazi).
• More of a practice than a form of
government.
• Extreme Nationalism.
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Totalitarianism
• Political Gov’t system with
complete centralized control 
command economy
• People totally subjected to
state/authority
• No freedom or privacy
• Strong military enforcement to lead
country
4
Communism
• Loyalty to state & obedience
to leader  supreme rule
• One-party rule / dictator
• Denied individual rights
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• Believed in dictatorship of a
working class (hate
fascists!)
Benito Mussolini - Italy
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Italians angry because
territory was not gained
during Treaty of Versailles.
•Unemployment up, taxes
up & trade down = Civil
unrest
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•Organized the Fascist Party
– Wanted to stop the
Communist & Socialist
Revolutionaries
Benito Mussolini - Italy
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Promised to revive Italy’s
economy & military
•1925: Mussolini known as “Il
Duce”. (eel-DOO-chay)
•Censored press, restricts
voting, has secret police
brings economy under state
control.
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•Children taught to obey strict
military discipline.
Adolf Hitler - Germany
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•Encouraged territorial
expansion of Germany lost in
the Treaty of Versailles.
•Wanted to strengthen
industry and military.
•Hitler seemed to provide
solutions to Germany’s
problems.
•1933: became Chancellor of
Germany & eventually “der
Fuhrer”
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Adolf Hitler - Germany
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator
•NAZI: National Socialist
German Workers’ Party
•Suspended civil rights,
destroyed communists, ended
political & economic freedom.
•Created brutal system of
terror:
SS troops (secret police)
The Gestapo
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Joseph Stalin - USSR
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R
•1901: Joined the Social
Democratic Labor Party.
•Helped to organize
industrial resistance to
Tsarism.
•In 1924: After Lenin’s death,
Stalin took over the New
Economic Party.
•His Goal: Make USSR a
world power
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Joseph Stalin - USSR
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-U.S.S.R
•Planned to industrialize the
USSR (Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics)
•Secret police “KGB” spied on
citizens & executes anyone
who might oppose him
(genocide).
•He makes a deal with Hitler to
not attack each other  nonaggression pact
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General Hideki Tojo - Japan
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan
•Japanese Emperor
was Taisho (weak).
•General Hideki Tojo
was the real leader.
•Major goal was to
rule all of Asia.
•Policy:
Industrialization &
Militarism
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•Japan is in need of
raw materials (oil)
General Hideki Tojo - Japan
Fascist Totalitarian Dictator-Japan
•Invaded Korea (1905),
Manchuria & China (1937)
•Challenged League of
Nations and withdrew.
•League of Nations has
no power to condemn for
invasion
•When Japan invades the
rest of China, President
Roosevelt cuts off oil
supply to Japan.
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Causes of World War II
http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/worldhi
story/worldwariicauses/
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Major Leaders
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Germany
Benito Mussolini
Italy
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Major Leaders
Hideki Tojo
Japanese Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
British Prime Minister
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Major Leaders
Joseph Stalin
Russian
Leader
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
US President
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