Bell Ringer

 What year did Columbus sail to America?
 What were the name of his three ships?
 Where was he from and what country did he sail
for?
Agenda/Objectives

 Columbus: first encounter
 Portuguese explorers: Ferdinand Magellan
 Spanish Conquistadors
 England and France: American Colonies.
Let’s put on our boots
and get to work

First Encounter

 Columbus was an italian sailor and sponsored by
Spain.
 Three ships – Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria
 October 12, 1492 – Pinta caught sight of a shoreline.
 - Thought they had reached the East Indies.
First Encounter

 Actually was on an island in the Bahamas in the
Caribbean Sea.
 Native group – Taino
 Columbus claimed the land for Spain and named it
San Salvador or “Holy Savior”
Columbus

 Like other explorers he was interested in gold.
 - None in San Salvador
 1493- Returned to Spain
 $$$ Spanish Monarchs finance three more trips.
Second Trip

 Columbus no longer an explorer but an empire
builder.
 Commanded a fleet of 17 ships, a few hundred
soldiers, and over a 1,000 settlers.
 Spain wanted to colonize the islands of the
Caribbean.
Portugese Explorers

 1500 – Portuguese explorer Pedro Alvares Cabral
reached the shore of modern day Brazil.
 Amerigo Vespucci (italian) sailed for Portugal.
Traveled the eastern coast of South America.
 - A German mapmaker named the new continent
America in honor of Vespucci.
 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan sailed around the
southern end of South America and sailed to the
Philippines.
Ferdinand Magellan

 Killed in a local war and only 18 men and 1 ship
returned home in 1522.
 - first people to sail around the world.
Spain builds an empire

 Conquistadors – Conquerors
 Spanish explorers heard rumors of vast lands filled
with gold and silver.
 Name two conquistadors.
 Who did they conquer?
France and England

 Name some of the French explorers that came to
America?
 What year was Jamestown established?
 What company founded Jamestown?
New France

 Giovanni da Verrazano – an Italian, who explored
for France.
 1524 – Sailed to America for a possible sea route to
the Pacific.
 He was unsuccessful but did discover what is today
New York Harbor.

New France

 1534 – Jacques Cartier reached the gulf off the
eastern coast of Canada that led to a broad river.
 Named the river St. Lawrence.
 Reached a large Island with a large hill and name it
Mount Royal (modern day Montreal)

New France

 1608- Samuel de Champlain sailed up St. Lawrence
river and claimed a region he called Quebec.
 As the settlement grew it became known as New
France.

New France: A trading
Empire

 1760 – European population of New France grew to
65,000.
 A large number of French colonist had no desire to
build or raise families.
 Settlers included – Catholic priest seeking to convert
the natives. Young, single men engaged in the fur
trade.
 Late 1500s – Hats from Beaver fur became popular in
Europe. French were less interested in occupying
territories and more into making money.
Why Explore?

 Why did England encourage people to settle in America?
What issues were going on in England?
 - Disease
 - Over population
 - Not enough land
 - Not enough jobs
 Why did colonist in America live longer than their
counterpart in England?
 - More food
 - Less pollution
 - Less disease
England: Jamestown

 1606 – The Virginia Company of London obtained a
charter from Kings James to establish a colony in
America.
 3 ships and approximately 105 settlers.
 Named their colony Jamestown in honor of King James.
 Start was disastrous.
 Settlers were more interested in finding wealth than
growing crops and hunting.
 7 out of every 10 men died in the beginning of the colony.
New England

 1620 – Pilgrims established the second English
colony.
 Plymouth, Massachusetts.
 Sought religious freedom.
 Puritans also sought religious freedom and
established the Massachusetts Bay colony.
 Did better than Jamestown due to have women and
children.
 It ensured the population would reproduce itself.
New Netherland

 The Dutch established the Dutch East India
Company in 1602.
 Created to compete for trade in the Indian Ocean.
 1609 – Henry Hudson (English) sailed for
Netherlands.
 Searching for a northwest sea route to Asia came
across 3 water ways in the Americas.
 Hudson river, Hudson bay, and Hudson strait.

New Netherlands

 Dutch claimed the land along the 3 water ways.
 Established a fur trade with the Iroquois Indians.
 Built a trading post Fort Orange (modern day
Albany) and on Manhattan island.
 Dutch merchants quickly formed the Dutch West
India Company.
 1621 – Company was given permission to colonize
the area.
 To encourage settlement they welcome all- German,
French, and Scandinavian
New Netherlands

 So ethnically diverse it was referred to as “confusion
of tongues”
 Dutch had a reputation for religious tolerance.
 - Jews, Muslims, Protestants and Catholics came to
the colony.