Macro-molecule
Building
Blocks
(monomers)
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic
Acids
Groups
Examples
Functions
Notes
Macro-molecule
Building
Blocks
Groups
Examples
Functions
Notes
(monomers)
mono-: glucose
fructose
galactose
Carbohydrates
monosaccharides
(simple
sugars)
monodipolysaccharides
di-: sucrose
maltose
lactose
poly-: starch,
cellulose,
glycogen
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic
Acids
3 fatty acids
+
glycerol
(3C)
phosphate,
sugar,
nitrogen base
poly-:
starch; food
storage-plants
cellulose: plant
support
glycogen: food
storageanimals
triglycerides
(simple lipids)

nutrition
phospholipids

cell membrane
cholesterol

cholesterol
derivatives like
hormones
sucrase
enzymatic
transmembrane
cell membrane
insulin
messengers
antibodies
immunity
muscles, hair,
skin, fingernails
structural
amino
acids
nucleotides:
mono-, di-:
Energy source
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and
ribonucleic
acid (RNA)
control of the cell


heredity
messenger (mRNA)
organizer (rRNA)
translator(tRNA)
bond:  or  glycosidic linkage between
sugar monomers.
 linkages between monomers in starch,
 linkages in cellulose.
Enzymes specific for catalyzing the
breakdown of  linkages are ineffective
on  linkages. Humans cannot digest
wood or the fibers in celery or whole
grain. This fiber acts as “roughage”
stimulating the intestine to secrete
mucus to promote regular bowel
movements.
bond: ester linkage between each fatty
acid and the glycerol.
bond: peptide bond between carboxyl
and amino group of 2 amino acids.
bond: phosphodiester between
phosphate and sugar
Bacterial DNA has a main chromosome
plus circular DNA called plasmids
10 nucleotides per turn
A=T(U); C=G