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Lesson 2
Note Taking Guide
Tree Anatomy
Anatomy of a Tree
 Crown
– Leaves
– Branches
 Trunk
– Bark
– Cambium Layer
– Sap Wood
– Heart Wood
 Roots
– Tap Roots
– Fibrous Roots
Crown
 The crown is the entire area of the tree that contains branches with
leaves.
 The size and shape of the canopy is effected by the environment and the
tree species.
 The leaves serve as the energy factory for the tree to grow as is it collects
the energy from the sun.
 Function of Leaves
Leaves
1. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce their food.
2. The leaf carries out transpiration which is the loss of water and the gas
exchange of CO2.
3. The leaf can store some food, which can be transferred to other areas of
the plant.
Leaves
 Leaves contain cells full of hloroplasts.
 Chloroplasts are the ultimate energy factories of the tree.
 Chloroplasts convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into glucose (sugar) and
oxygen in the process of photosynthesis.
Cross Section of Leaf
 Chloroplasts concentrated in Palisade.
 Xylem and Phloem connect all the way to roots.
 Basic Reaction
Photosynthesis
 Balanced Reaction
– 6 CO2 + 6 H2O = C6H12O6 + 6 O2
Leaf Parts
1. The blade, which is the main body of the leaf.
2. The petiole, which is the structure which attaches the blade to the stem.
3. The midrib, which is the large central vein down the middle of the leaf.
4. The apex, which is the tip of the leaf.
5. The base, which is the bottom of the leaf and attaches to the petiole, or if
a petiole is absent, directly to the stem. (A leaf with no petiole is said to be
"sessile.")
6. The margin, which is the edge of the leaf.
Types of Leaves
1. Simple leaves which are undivided leaves or have a totally intact blade.
2. Compound leaves which are leaves whose blade is divided into several
distinct leaflets.
3. Needle leaves which are narrow, compact leaves such as pine or fir
needles.
 Function of Trunk or Stem
Trunk
1. Transports water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves.
2. Supports the leaves of a plant and also the fruit and flowers.
3. Food storage.
4. Diametrical growth in the cambium, where cell division occurs.
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Cross Section of Trunk
Xylem and Phloem transports water and nutrients throughout the tree.
Xylem transports materials up.
Phloem transports materials down.
Sapwood stores liquid and food produced by the tree.
 Functions of Roots
Roots
1.Absorbs water, oxygen and nutrients (root hairs take up H2O and
nutrients).
2.Transports water and nutrients to the stem.
3.Anchors the plant and keeps it in a stable position.
4.Stores food in the form of starch (for example in the taproot of a carrot or
turnip).
– Note: Maple tree feeder roots start just six inches below the surface of
the soil.
Types of Roots
1. The fibrous root system, such as in corn or beans in which the roots
branch from the bottom of the plant; or
2. The taproot where a long tapering root, such as in the carrot and
dandelions, develops.
Is All Sap Equal?