8. Carbs PPT

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Organic Molecules
Organic Compounds
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Contain C and H
Often form long chains of carbon atoms linked by
covalent bonds
Macromolecules = large organic molecules abundant
in living organisms
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Adenosine triphospate (ATP)
Who studies macromolecules?
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Biochemistry is the study of the chemical
interactions of living things
Elements in Living Organisms
Hydrogen (H)
 Oxygen (O)
 Carbon (C)
 Nitrogen (N)
 Phosphorus (P)
 Sulfur (S)
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Also the most abundant in macromolecules
Macromolecule #1: Carbohydrates
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C, H, O (ratio 1:2:1)
Purpose: energy and structure
Three types:
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Monosaccharides (one sugar ring)
Dissaccharides (two sugar rings)
Polysaccharides (many sugar rings)
Monosaccharides
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Quick energy
Glucose = most important “fuel” in our body
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Fructose, galactose
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Disaccharides
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Short term energy storage
Sucrose (table sugar) = glucose + fructose
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Lactose = glucose + galactose
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Polysaccharides
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Glycogen = energy storage; found in liver and muscles
Starch = provides energy; the most consumed
carbohydrate in human diet
Cellulose = structural support; found in plants; humans
cannot digest it (fiber)
Glycogen
Cellulose
Formation and breakdown of macromolecules
fig. 2.10
seen in digestion
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