ORGANIC
COMPOUNDS
The Chemistry of LIFE!!
All living organisms require 4 types
of Organic Compounds:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
**All contain**:
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
1. Carbodyrates
•
•
•
All carbs contain
C,H,O in a 1:2:1
ratio
Functions: Energy &
structural support
Exist as:
a. Monosaccharides
b. Disaccharides
c. polysaccharides
a. Monosaccharide
“simple sugar”
3 Forms
1. Glucose - manufactured by
plants during photosynthesis.
Main source of energy for both
plants & animals.
2. Fructose - found in fruits;
Sweetest!!
3. Galactose – found in milk and is
usually found in combination with
glucose or fructose.
These are ISOMERS – same
chemical formula but different
structures.
b. Disaccharide
“double sugar”
3 Forms
1. Sucrose – Table Sugar
glucose + fructose
2. Maltose - Malt Sugar
glucose + glucose
3. Lactose – Milk Sugar
glucose + galactose
c. Polysaccharide
“Many Sugars”
3 Forms – All composed of repeating
units of glucose.
1.
Glycogen – Energy storage in
animals. (Liver & Muscles)
2.
Starch - Energy storage in plants
(Roots, Stems, Leaves)
3.
Cellulose - Gives strength &
rigidity to plant cell
(Fiber  Prevents Colon Cancer)
http://science.nhmccd.edu/BioL/de
hydrat/dehydrat.html
• Dehydration Synthesis: removal of water
to build bonds
• Hydrolysis: break bonds using water