What would make the results of an
experiment carried out by a
research team VALID or more
RELIAABLE?
• The experiment was repeated and
the same results were obtained
each time.
• Use a larger sample size.
The ________________does not
contain the independent
variable.
control group
What is MEASURED is known as
the ______ variable.
dependent
A new idea that is tested in a
scientific experiment is known as a(an)
1. theory
2. hypothesis
3. inference
4. observation
The hypothesis is based on the
1.conclusion
2.dependent variable
3.data collected
4.background research
To investigate the effect of a substance on plant growth, 2
bean plants of the same species were grown under
identical conditions with Substance Z added to the soil of
one of the plants. At the end of 2 weeks, the plant grown
with Substance Z was 12.5 cm tall. The plant grown
without Substance Z was 12.2cm tall. The researcher
concluded that the presence of Substance Z causes the
plants to grow taller.
1. Identify the independent variable.
Substance Z
2. Identify the dependent variable.
Plant height (how tall the plant grew)
To investigate the effect of a substance on plant growth, 2
bean plants of the same species were grown under
identical conditions with Substance Z added to the soil of
one of the plants. At the end of 2 weeks, the plant grown
with Substance Z was 12.5 cm tall. The plant grown
without Substance Z was 12.2cm tall. The researcher
concluded that the presence of Substance Z causes the
plants to grow taller.
3. Identify the control group.
The group that did not receive Substance Z.
4. Identify the experimental group.
The group that received Substance Z.
To investigate the effect of a substance on plant growth, 2
bean plants of the same species were grown under
identical conditions with Substance Z added to the soil of
one of the plants. At the end of 2 weeks, the plant grown
with Substance Z was 12.5 cm tall. The plant grown
without Substance Z was 12.2cm tall. The researcher
concluded that the presence of Substance Z causes the
plants to grow taller.
6. Identify 2 constants or controls.
Same species
Amount of water
Amount of sunlight
Temperature
To investigate the effect of a substance on plant growth, 2
bean plants of the same species were grown under
identical conditions with Substance Z added to the soil of
one of the plants. At the end of 2 weeks, the plant grown
with Substance Z was 12.5 cm tall. The plant grown
without Substance Z was 12.2cm tall. The researcher
concluded that the presence of Substance Z causes the
plants to grow taller.
7. How can the results of this experiment be made
more valid?
Repeat the experiment.
Use a larger sample size.
2cm
5cm
3cm
Determine the volume of this object.
3cm x
30cm3
2cm x
5cm =
2cm
5cm
3cm
Identify the type of solid represented.
This is a regular solid because it has a
length, width and height.
1. What is the volume of
this toy dinosaur?
0.8mL
(5.6mL – 4.8mL)
2. What is the name of
this method?
displacement
3. Identify the type of
solid being measured.
An irregular solid
1. What is the definition of mass?
The amount of matter in an object.
2. What is the name of the instrument
used to measure mass?
triple beam balance
3. What are the units used to measure
mass?
grams
1. Identify the amount of space an object takes up.
VOLUME
2. Identify the units for the volume of a regular solid.
cm3
3. Identify the units for the volume of a liquid.
mL
4. Identify the units for the volume of a irregular
solid.
mL or cm3
0 cm
1
2
3
4
What is the length of the object in
centimeters? Millimeters?
2.8cm
28mm
1. How is the density of an object
measured?
D = M/V
2. What is the density of a 100gram object
with a volume of 20 milliliters?
100g/20mL
= 5g/ml
3. The object above was cut into three
pieces. What is the density of one of those
pieces?
5g/ml
The density of an object DOES NOT
CHANGE!!!!
Explain why an object placed in a glass
of water floats.
The object has a density less than
the density of water (1g/ml).
Give the name and function of
each structure labeled.
E
A – Ocular: eyepiece used to look at
specimen
B – Fine adjustment: to focus specimen
under high power
C – Arm: used to hold microscope
D – Objective lens: used to magnify
image
E – Coarse adjustment: Used to focus
specimen under low power
F – Diaphragm – adjust amount of light
reaching specimen
F
What was the highest
possible magnification
that can be obtained
when using this
microscope?
E
Objective - Ocular
40 x 10 =
400x
F
What happens to the field of
view when switching
from low to high power?
E
The field of view decreases (
so you see less of the
slide).
F
Which structure can only be
used to focus the
specimen under high
power? Support your
answer.
The fine adjustment
because using the coarse
adjustment under high
power can break the
objective lens or the
slide.
E
F
What happens to the number of cells that are
visible in the field of view when switching to
high power?
The number of cells that are visible in the field
of view decreases.
What must be done to the microscope
before switching from low power to high
power?
Center the specimen
Focus with the coarse adjustment
The total magnification of an image is the
result of the combined magnifications of
the
1) eyepiece and diaphragm
2) objective and eyepiece
3) objective and mirror
4) low-power and high-power objectives
Identify the life process described.
1. Used to produce energy. Respiration
2. Type of nutrition in which organism produces its
own food. Autotrophic nutrition
3. The movement of substances throughput a cell or
organism. Transport
4. Type of nutrition that requires an organism to
ingest food. Heterotrophic nutrition
5. The removal of metabolic wastes. Excretion
6. Type of respiration that does not use oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration
7. Sum total of all life processes. Metabolism
8. Control and coordination of all life processes.
Regulation
9. Maintaining a stable internal environment.
Homeostasis
10. Type of respiration that uses oxygen.
Aerobic respiration
Identify the structures labeled and the function of
each.
1- nucleus: controls all cell activities
2 – nucleolus: produces ribosomes
3 – cell membrane: controls what enters
and exits the cell
4 – cytoplasm: holds cell organelles
5 – cell wall: keeps plant cells RIGID and
supports plant cell
6 – vacuole: stores materials
7 - chloroplast: site of photosynthesis
(autotrophic nutrition)
The structures inside a cell that
perform life activities are called
(1)organs
(2)systems
(3)organelles
(4)cells
One difference between plant and
animal cells is that animal cells do
not have
(1)a nucleus
(2)chloroplasts
(3)a cell membrane
(4)centrioles
Which structure permits the entry and
exit of materials in an animal cell?
(1.) lysosome
(2.) chromosome
(3.) cell wall
(4.) cell membrane
The rigidity (support) of a plant
cell is due primarily to the
presence of the
(1) chloroplasts
(2) centrosomes
(3) cell membrane
(4) cell wall
Which structure is found ONLY in animal
cells?
(1.) cell wall
(2.) vacuoles
(3.) centrioles
(4.) chloroplasts
Which sequence of terms is in the correct
order from simplest to most complex?
(1) cells, tissues, organs, organ
systems
(2) tissues, organisms, cells,
organ systems
(3) cells, tissues, organ systems,
organs
(4) organs, organisms, organ
systems, cells
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O + X
Aerobic respiration
1. Identify the process represented above.
2. Identify the raw materials. glucose and oxygen
Mitochondria
3. Where does this process occur?
4. Identify the waste products. carbon dioxide and
water
5. Identify molecule X.
Energy or ATP
6. Describe the importance of this process.
It provides energy that is needed for all cell activities.
When muscles are exercised extensively in
the absence of sufficient oxygen,
(1) lactic acid is produced
(2) a large amount of ATP is formed
(3) NADH molecules split
(4) oxidative respiration occurs
Yeast produce alcohol and CO2 in the
process of
(1)lactic acid fermentation
(2)alcoholic fermentation
(3)aerobic respiration
(4) glycolysis
The net yield of ATP from the
process of fermentation is
(1.) 2
(2.) 4
(3.) 34
(4.) 36
1. What type of transport does this picture
represent? Active transport
2. Explain your answer.
Substances are moving from a LOW to HIGH
concentration.
Identify the type of transport represented in the diagram.
Support your answer.
Passive transport
because materials are
moving from a HIGH
to LOW
concentration.
Identify the type of passive transport occurring in the
diagrams if the particle moving is glucose. Support your
answer.
Diffusion because
glucose is moving
from a HIGH to LOW
concentration.
When does this process stop?
When equilibrium is
reached. (When there
is an EQUAL
concentration on
both sides)
1. Identify structure A.
Support your answer.
Electron because it is
negative.
2. Identify structure B.
Support your answer.
Proton because it is positive.
3. Identify structure C.
Support your answers.
B
A
C
Neutron because it is
neutral. It does not have a
charge.
4. Identify the structure in the
middle of the atom that
contains protons and
neutrons.
Nucleus
B
A
C
5. Identify the atomic number
of this atom. Support your
answer.
Atomic number is 8 because
the atom has 8 protons.
Element or compound?
Bc it is made up of 2 or
1. NaCl Compound more different elements.
2. O Element Bc it is made up of only one type of atom
it is made up of 2 or
3. CO Compound Bc
more different elements.
4. C6H12O6 Compound Bc it is made up of 2 or
more different elements.
5. N Element Bc it is made up of only one type of atom
Bc it is made up of 2 or
6. CO2 Compound more different elements.
7. H2O Compound Bc it is made up of 2 or more
different elements.
A chemical formula like CO2
represents
1. an element
2. an atom
2. an electron 4. a compound
A substance made up of two or more
elements that have been
chemically combined is a
COMPOUND.
A substance made up of two or more
elements that have been physcially
combined is a
MIXTURE.
Explain why sand and
water is not a solution.
The sand did not
dissolve in the water.
The sand was not
evenly distributed.
Chromatography
1.
Identify the method
used to separate
the mixture.
Filtration (filter paper)
2. Identify the type of
mixture being
separated.
Solid-liquid mixture
1. Identify the method
used to separate
the mixture.
Magnet
2. Identify the type of
mixture being
separated.
Mixture with iron
filings
Chromatography
1.
Identify the method
used to separate
the mixture.
Evaporation
2. Identify the type of
mixture being
separated.
A solution
Chromatography
1.
Identify the method
used to separate
the mixture.
A sieve
2. Identify the type of
mixture being
separated.
Rocks and sand
What do we know about the elements in the
same group or family?
They have the same (BUT NOT IDENTICAL)
properties.
Identify the solid, liquid and gas! Support your answer.
Gas
- Atoms are
very loosely
packed
Solid
Liquid
- Atoms are
tightly packed
- Atoms are
loosely
packed
Identify the phase change described.
1. Solid to liquid: melting
2. Gas to liquid: condensation
3. Liquid to solid: freezing
4. Solid to gas: sublimation
5. Liquid to gas: vaporization
For each phase change describe
whether energy is RELEASED or
ABSORBED.
1. Melting: ABSORBED
2. Freezing: RELEASED
3. Vaporization: ABSORBED
4. Sublimation: ABSORBED
5. Condensation: RELEASED