The Microscopic World of
Cells
Cell membranes Cell Plant vs. animal
and transport Organelles
cell
TYPES of CELLS
• Prokaryotic Cells
• Prokaryotes are very simple cells, probably first to inhabit the
earth.
Prokaryotic cells do not contain a membrane bound nucleus.
Bacteria are prokaryotes.
DNA of bacteria is circular.
• The word "prokaryote" means "before the nucleus"
• Other features found in some bacteria:
• Flagella - used for movement
Pilus - small hairlike structures used for attaching to other cells
Capsule - tough outer layer that protects bacteria, often
associated with harmful bacteria
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic cells are more advanced cells. These cells
are found in plants, animals, and protists (small
unicellular "animalcules").
• The eukaryotic cell is composed of 4 main parts:
• cell membrane - outer boundary of the cell
• cytoplasm - jelly-like fluid interior of the cell
• nucleus - the "control center" of the cell, contains
the cell's DNA (chromosomes)
• organelles - "little organs" that carry out cell
functions
Animal Cell Overview
Cell Membrane and Transport
Composed of
phospholipids
Arranged in a bilayer
•marker proteins
•receptor proteins
Active transport
Passive transport
•osmosis
•diffusion
Animal Cell Overview
(Animal Cell Organelles)
Nucleus
Nucleus-brain of the cell
Directs all cell activity
Nucleolus-site of
ribosomal RNA
Chromatin- made of DNA
Contains genetic material
Mitochondria
I need more power!!
Supplies the cells energy- power plant of the cell
Endoplasmic Recticulum
Series of flattened
membranous sacs.
Acts like the cells
freeway, transportation
system.
Ribosomes
Site of protein
synthesis.
 Often found
lining the E.R.
May be found
floating free in
cytoplasm.
Golgi Complex
A series of flattened sacs
Acts like a mailman, packages and sorts
proteins for delivery throughout the cell
Centrioles
A group of
microtubules
that aid in cell
division.
Lysosome
Plant vs. Animal Cell
Three differences:
Chloroplasts
Vacuoles
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Site of
6CO2+6H20 C6H12O6+6O2
Do not exist in
animal cells, give
plant cells their
rigidity.
Exists in animals but is much larger in plants.
Used to store food, waste, gases,
pigments, water.
Cell Quiz
1. Name 3 differences between plant and
animal cells.
2. What organelle is the site of protein
synthesis?
3. What organelle acts like the post office?
4. What organelle aids in cell division?
5. How does water enter the cell?
Bibliography
Integrated Biology/Chemistry A, Continuity of
Life Notebook, CORD,Waco, Texas, 1994.
www.dcn.davis.ca.us/~carl/cellhome.htm
Microsoft Encarta Reference Suite 99, 19931998.
http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/Thumbnails/sear
chresults.htm
The End!