A&P1 Biol 2401 Fall 2012
Total Score 50
1. Put the following structures in order from superficial to deep:
1. muscle fiber
2. perimysium
3. myofibril
4. fascicle
5. endomysium
6. epimysium
A) 1, 5, 4, 3, 2, 6
B) 6, 2, 5, 4, 1, 3
C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3
D) 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 2
E) 2, 3, 1, 4, 6, 5
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2. Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for
A) muscle fatigue.
B) the conduction of neural stimulation to the muscle fiber.
C) muscle contraction.
D) muscle relaxation.
E) the striped appearance of skeletal muscle.
3. Label the following components in the diagram.
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1.Sarcomere, 2 Z line, 3 M line, 4 I band, 5 A band, 6 zone of overlap
4.. After death, muscle fibers run out of ATP and calcium begins to leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into
the sarcoplasm. This results in a condition known as
A) tetany.
B) treppe.
C) depolarization.
D) rigor mortis.
E) oxygen debt.
5. The following is a list of the events that occur during a muscle contraction. 5
1. Myosin cross-bridges bind to the actin.
2. The free myosin head splits ATP.
3. Calcium ion is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
4. The myosin head pivots toward the center of the sarcomere.
5. Calcium ion binds to troponin.
6. The myosin head binds an ATP molecule and detaches from the actin.
The correct sequence of these events is
A) 1, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2.
B) 5, 1, 4, 6, 2, 3.
C) 3, 5, 1, 2, 4, 6.
D) 3, 5, 1, 4, 6, 2.
E) 1, 4, 6, 2, 3, 5.
6. The contraction of a muscle exerts a pull on a bone because
A) muscles are attached to bones by ligaments.
B) muscles are attached to bones by bursae.
C) muscles are attached to bones by tendons.
D) muscle fibers directly attach to the periosteum of bone.
E) muscles elongate upon contraction.
7. A weight-lifter strains to lift a heavy weight and there is no movement of the person's arms holding on to the
weight. This type of contraction is called a/an ________ contraction.
A) isometric
B) tetanus
C) isotonic
D) treppe
E) concentric
Answer: A
8. During the Cori cycle, in the liver
A) glucose is released from glycogen.
B) lactic acid is produced from glucose.
C) glucose is produced from lactic acid.
D) lactic acid is produced from pyruvic acid.
E) lactic acid is shuffled to muscle cells.
After heavy exercise, if energy reserves in a muscle are depleted, ________ occurs.
A) an oxygen debt
B) paralysis
C) treppe
D) tetanus
E) atrophy
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10. During anaerobic
glycolysis
A) ATP is produced.
B) pyruvic acid is produced.
C) oxygen is not consumed.
D) carbohydrate is metabolized.
E) All of the answers are correct.
11. Which
of the following hormones directly stimulates growth of muscle tissue, leading to increased muscle
mass?
A) epinephrine
B) thyroid hormone
C) testosterone
D) parathyroid hormone
E) calcitonin
12. Because skeletal
muscle contractions demand large quantities of ATP, skeletal muscles have
A) a rich nerve supply.
B) a rich blood supply and few mitochondria
C) abundant mitochondria and a poor blood supply.
D) adipose tissue between fibers to supply nutrients for ATP production.
E) many mitochondria and a rich blood supply.
13. How would
an elevated level of thyroid hormone in the body affect skeletal muscles?
A) It would stimulate atrophy.
B) It would stimulate hypertrophy.
C) It would stimulate energy use and heat production.
D) It would decrease heat production by muscle tissue.
E) It would cause an increase in muscle mass.
14. Muscles
that move the eyeball have
A) fast fibers.
B) slow fibers.
C) intermediate fibers.
D) circular fibers.
E) All of the answers are correct.
15. During activities
requiring aerobic endurance
A) glycogen and glycolysis are the primary sources of reserve energy.
B) oxygen debts are common.
C) most of the muscle's energy is produced in mitochondria.
D) fatigue occurs in a few minutes.
E) oxygen is not required.
16. Put in correct order the events that occur during the transmission of an electrical impulse through a
neuromuscular junction: 5
1 Return to initial state
2 ACh binding at the motor end plate
3 Arrival of an action potential at the synaptic terminal
4 Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma
5 Release of acetylcholine
17. Match the muscle system functions with their appropriate descriptions:
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Function
Description of Activity
1 Guarding entrances and exits
A. Muscles in the abdominal wall and floor of the
pelvic cavity support the weight of visceral organs in
the abdominal and pelvic regions.
B. Muscles surround the orifices that serve as
openings to the digestive and urinary system and
allow for voluntary control of actions such as
swallowing, defecation, and urination.
C. Contraction of muscles pull on tendons attached to
bones, which creates motion in body parts such as
raising an arm, swimming, and the coordinated
movements of breathing.
D. Tension produced in skeletal muscles during
contractions allows for sustained positions, such as
holding the head up, standing, and sitting upright
2 Maintenance of body temperature
3 Maintenance of body posture and position
4 Production of movement
E. When body temperature falls below homeostatic
levels, muscles contract and produce heat, which
warms the body.
5 Support of soft tissues
18. Give examples
of the following
A. First-Class levers:
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B. Second-Class levers:
C.third-class levers:
19. Give examples of pairs of muscles:
A. Agonist,
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B.Antagonist,
C.Synergist
20. How are muscles classified: Give an example for each type:
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21.Identify 2 muscles in each section of the body, starting with: A. Skull, B.Thorax, C.Adomino-Pelvis,
D.Upper limbs or E. Lower Limbs
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