Era of European Nationalism (1814 – 1848) Study Guide
1. The “dual revolution” was a combination of the ____________________
and new ___________________ and _______________________ .
2. In 1814 most of Europe was ruled by __________________________ .
3. Elites were challenged by those who wanted _____________________
and _____________________for workers, peasants and the middle class.
4.
_______________________were people who shared a common language,
ethnicity, religion and culture and called for self-determination.
5. Liberals called for representative government and civil liberties such as
freedom of_______________________________________________.
6. The_______________________ class emerged as business expanded with
the industrial revolution.
7. Upper class conservatives believed in tradition, a hereditary monarchy, a
land owning aristocracy and an__________________________________.
8. Napoleon was defeated by the ____________________________________
which included Russia, Prussia, Austria and Great Britain.
9. In 1814, the Austrian foreign minister Prince _____________________
headed the negotiations at the Congress of Vienna.
10. Metternich wanted to restore power to the traditional
________________________________________.
11. The negotiations as the Congress of Vienna lasted ___________________.
12. The first and foremost accomplishment of the Congress of Vienna was
to recreate a _________________________between the nations of Europe.
13. The second accomplishment was to create barriers against future French
________________________ .
14. The Congress of Vienna redrew the map of Europe in order to reward the
victors and discourage France from________________________________.
15. Britain was especially rewarded by the Congress of Vienna because Britain
had never __________________________________ .
16. Following the Congress of Vienna the Great Powers set up the
___________________________________ to preserve the peace.
17. The Russian czar set up the _______________________________along
with Prussia and Austria who agreed to govern their nations by Christian
principles.
18. The system of periodic meetings between the Great Powers of Europe,
known as the _____________________________________was successful
in preserving the terms of the Congress of Vienna for most of the 19th
century.
19. The Metternich system tried to suppress the _______________________
and _____________________________ ideas of the dual revolution.
20. People of the lower classes in the early 19th century suffered from extreme
____________________________.
21. According to classic political liberalism the people must have
________________________ government.
22. Many liberals believed that ___________________________________
should be attached to the right to vote.
23. The first person to describe the economic demands of liberals was the
Scottish philosopher _________________________.
24. Smith advocated __________________________________ which
encouraged individuals to compete freely in the marketplace.
25. British businessmen used Smith’s laissez-faire doctrine to justify
_________________________________________ .
26. The feeling of nationalistic pride could turn dark when some groups began to
feel ___________________________to other groups.
27. The _________________________movement in art flowered alongside new
political ideologies.
28. Between 1820 and 1848, tension between
______________________________ and ___________________________
broke out in revolutions across Europe.
29. The Karlsbad Decrees of 1819 restricted ____________________________
and suppressed ___________________________ .
30. Unlike other nationalist uprisings the_____________________ fought a
successful war of independence from the Ottoman Empire.
31. Like the Greeks, the______________________________ were successful
with the help of Britain and France.
32. Charles X wanted to restore______________________ to its pre-1789 status.
33. In an attempt to regain control of the government Charles X issued the
____________________________which dissolved the legislature and
severely curtailed freedoms.
34. Under the economic theory called __________________________society
as a whole would own property and operate all businesses.
35. Francois Guizot wrote that, “the social danger by which the _____________
___________________ seems menaced is due especially to universal
suffrage.”
36. In response to socialist demands, the French government set up
___________________________________ for unemployed workers.
37. The Poles were unsuccessful in their effort to gain independence from
Russia because they were internally divided and they lacked support from
___________________ and ______________________.
38. The pope in Rome refused to support nationalist demands because he was
afraid of offending Roman Catholic Austria.
39. In the first French elections following the Revolution of 1848, the people
Overwhelmingly elected________________________________.
40. Many of the political movements of 1830 and 1848 failed because of a
lack of _____________________and clear vision of their
_______________________________ .