Development in Middle
Childhood
Memory Strategies
Rehearsal-repeating information to oneself
over and over again
Organization-grouping together related items
Elaboration-creating a relationship between
two or more items that are not members of
the same category
Guitar-clock
Sink-eye
foot -tent
House-pipe
Needle-fish
More on learning
Reading strategies
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Whole language-natural language
Basic skills approach-phonics
Mathematics
 At first multiplication is a repeated addition
IQ Tests
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test (2yradult)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
III
(WISC-III) 6yrs to 16 yrs
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple
Intelligences
Learning styles of children
Chapter 10
Emotional and Social
Development in Middle Childhood
Erik Erikson
Industry vs Inferiority-sense of competence
at useful tasks and skills
Self esteem
Better at reading messages from others
8-15 peers are important
Learned helplessness-accrediting success to
luck and not to personal ability
student may quickly give up when task is
too difficult
Emotions
Pride and guilt occur at this time
By age 8, children realize that they can
experience more than one emotion at a time
By age 10, children have a set of strategies to
deal with emotions
Soon they can put themselves in others
“shoes”
Moral Development
Justice-concern beliefs about how to
divide resources fairly
5-6-fairness-equality
6-7-fairness-merit extra rewards
8-benevolence-special consideration
Peer Groups and Social
Interactions
Shared values and behaviors
Children who participate in formal
groups ( 4-H, boy scouts, church groups
etc.) gain in moral and social
understanding
Friendships
Mutually agreed upon relationship;
similar personal qualities
Trust comes into play at this point
4 types of social acceptance
Popular children
Rejected children
Controversial children
Neglected children
Parenting and Family
Siblings-help with companionship
Parents may compare siblings which
may increase sibling rivalry
Oldest child –may still receive the
greatest pressure to mature
Family and Family types
Blended families
Extended families
Augmented families
Two parent families
Single families
Issues related to school and
home
School phobia-11 to 13 years (20% of
children may exhibit)
Child Sexual Abuse
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More common again girls than boys
Legal right to report
Long term therapy may be necessary
Resilience
Warm, organized home life
Support system
Decrease stress