BELL RINGER
• ANSWER THE FOLLOWING
SPACE:
REVIEW QUESTIONS ANYWHERE YOU HAVE
1. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE BICEP? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
2. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE QUADRICEPS? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
3. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ANTERIOR TIBIALIS? WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
4. WHAT MUSCLE(S) ARE STRENGTHENED WHEN YOU DO BOX SQUATS?
5. WHEN WE DO THE FITNESSGRAM PUSH-UP TEST, WHAT MUSCLE(S) ARE BEING
TESTED?
6. WHEN WE DO THE FITNESSGRAM SIT-UP TEST, WHAT MUSCLE(S) ARE BEING
TESTED?
7. WHICH MUSCLE IS THE LONGEST?
8. WHICH MUSCLE IS THE STRONGEST?
9. HOW ARE ORIGIN AND INSERTION DIFFERENT?
MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY
HOW MUSCLES WORK
OBJECTIVES
• CONTENT OBJECTIVE: THE STUDENTS
WILL DESCRIBE THE BASIC PROCESS THAT MUSCLES GO
THROUGH IN ORDER TO CONTRACT AND DEFINE PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM BY WRITING THEM IN THEIR NOTES.
MUSCLE REVIEW
1. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION
OF THE BICEP?
2. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION
OF THE QUADRICEPS?
3. WHAT IS THE FUNCTION
OF THE ANTERIOR TIBIALIS?
4. WHAT MUSCLE(S)
WHERE
IS IT LOCATED?
WHERE
IS IT LOCATED?
WHERE IS IT LOCATED?
ARE STRENGTHENED WHEN YOU DO BOX SQUATS?
5. WHEN
WE DO THE FITNESSGRAM PUSH-UP TEST, WHAT MUSCLE(S) ARE BEING TESTED?
6. WHEN
WE DO THE FITNESSGRAM SIT-UP TEST, WHAT MUSCLE(S) ARE BEING TESTED?
7. WHICH MUSCLE
IS THE LONGEST?
8. WHICH MUSCLE
IS THE STRONGEST?
9. HOW ARE ORIGIN AND INSERTION DIFFERENT?
ANTAGONIST MUSCLES
• WHAT DOES THE WORD
ANTAGONIST MEAN?
• WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO ANTAGONIZE YOUR LITTLE BROTHER OR
SISTER?
• DEFINITION: WORKS AGAINST, IN OPPOSITION TO.
• ANTAGONIST MUSCLES – A MUSCLE THAT WORKS
OPPOSITION TO ANOTHER MUSCLE.
• MUSCLE EXAMPLES:
• BICEPS AND TRICEPS
• QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRINGS
• GASTROCNEMIUS AND ANTERIOR TIBIALIS
IN
MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
• THE CELLS THAT MAKE UP MUSCLES, CONTRACT AND THEN RELAX BACK TO
THEIR ORIGINAL SIZE.
• THEY CONTRACT (SHORTEN) TOWARD THE MUSCLE ORIGIN
• MUSCLES USE THE CHEMICAL ENERGY FROM THE FOODS YOU EAT TO HELP
MAKE CONTRACTIONS
• ALL FOODS CONTAIN ENERGY, BUT THE AMOUNT OF POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED IN
FOOD VARIES GREATLY
• WHAT CATEGORY OF FOOD HAVE YOU ALWAYS BEEN TOLD STORES THE MOST
ENERGY?
FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION TO OCCUR, TWO
THINGS MUST BE AVAILABLE…
1. GLUCOSE (SUGAR = ENERGY)
• GLUCOSE COMES FROM
CARBOHYDRATES IN YOUR FOOD
• CARBOHYDRATES ARE BROKEN DOWN
INTO GLUCOSE IN YOUR STOMACH
• DURING A MEAL AND THE FOLLOWING
2 TO 3 HOURS, THE CARBS IN YOUR
FOOD WILL BE USED TO FUEL YOUR
CELLS AND YOUR BODY
• IF YOU HAVE NOT EATEN FOR A WHILE
YOUR BODY CONVERTS FAT AND
PROTEIN STORES INTO GLUCOSE
2. OXYGEN
• WITHOUT
OXYGEN THE MUSCLES STOP
WORKING
• MUSCLES TAKE OXYGEN OUT OF
BLOOD
• OXYGEN CAN BE USED TO BREAK
DOWN THE GLUCOSE
• AFTER TWO
MINUTES OF EXERCISING
THE BODY STARTS TO SUPPLY THE
MUSCLES WITH OXYGEN
HUMAN BODY: PUSHING THE
LIMITS
BY: DISCOVERY
Strength – Stored Energy (Begin at 33:40 – 7 minutes long
STORED ENERGY VIDEO
• WHAT DID YOU FIND INTERESTING?
• WHAT NEW INFORMATION DID YOU LEARN?
• HOW DID THIS VIDEO APPLY TO WHAT WE
JUST TOOK NOTES ON, MUSCLE CONTRACTION?
SLOW VS. FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS
SLOW TWITCH
• TYPE I MUSCLE FIBERS
•
MORE EFFICIENT AT USING OXYGEN TO GENERATE
MORE FUEL
•
NEEDED FOR CONTINUOUS, LONG-LASTING EXERCISE
•
FIRE MORE SLOWLY AND CAN GO FOR LONGER
WITHOUT FATIGUING
• SLOW TWITCH FIBERS ARE RED IN COLOR
•
WHY?
•
WHAT SPORTS/ACTIVITIES
ARE AN EXAMPLE OF REQUIRING
SLOW TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS?
FAST TWITCH
• TYPE II MUSCLE FIBERS
•
USE ANAEROBIC METABOLISM TO CREATE FUEL
•
BETTER AT GENERATING SHORT BURSTS OF
STRENGTH OR SPEED BUT THEY FATIGUE QUICKER
•
THEY ARE ABLE TO FIRE MORE RAPIDLY
• FAST TWITCH
FIBERS ARE WHITE IN
COLOR
•
WHY?
•
WHAT SPORTS/ACTIVITIES ARE AN EXAMPLE OF
REQUIRING FAST TWITCH MUSCLE FIBERS?
MUSCLES WILL FATIGUE OR GET TIRED DUE TO THE
BUILD UP OF THE WASTE PRODUCT LACTIC ACID.
• WHEN EXERCISING FOR LONGER THAN 2 MINUTES, THE AEROBIC PATHWAY (WHICH
REQUIRES OXYGEN) IS USED.
• THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
DELIVERS BLOOD AND OXYGEN TO THE WORKING MUSCLES
• THIS IS WHY IT IS ESSENTIAL TO INCREASE OUR ENDURANCE THROUGH EXERCISE
• WHEN GLUCOSE BREAKS DOWN IT PRODUCES LACTIC ACID AND HYDROGEN IONS
• THE LACTIC ACID AND HYDROGEN IONS CAUSE THE BLOOD AND MUSCLE
TO BECOME MORE ACIDIC
AND THEREFORE BLOCKING THE NERVOUS SIGNAL FROM THE BRAIN TO THE MUSCLE FIBERS AND WE SLOW
DOWN TO ALLOW FOR MORE OXYGEN TO GET TO THE WORKING MUSCLE
LACTIC ACID
• LACTIC ACID IS A BY-PRODUCT OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
THAT OCCUR DURING PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
RECENT RESEARCH ON LACTIC ACID…
PREVIOUS VIEW
• LACTIC ACID CAUSES OUR MUSCLES TO ACHE
AND TIRE WHEN WE EXERCISE INTENSELY
• LACTIC ACID IS PRODUCED AS A BY-PRODUCT
FROM THE BREAKDOWN OF GLUCOSE
• ACCUMULATION OF LACTIC ACID AND
INCREASED ACIDITY IN MUSCLES CAUSES MUSCLE
FATIGUE
RECENT VIEW
• OUR BODIES DO NOT PRODUCE LACTIC ACID
WHEN WE EXERCISE INSTEAD OUR BODIES CREATE
LACTATE
•
WE PRODUCE LACTATE NOT JUST WHEN WE
EXERCISE BUT ALL THE TIME
• LACTATE IS GOOD FOR US
• HYDROGEN IONS ARE RELEASED WHEN ATP IS
BROKEN DOWN TO FUEL OUR MUSCLES
•
DURING STRENUOUS EXERCISE OUR METABOLISM
CANNOT KEEP UP WITH THE HYDROGEN IONS
WHICH MAKES THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
BECOME ACIDIC – LACTATE TRIES TO NEUTRALIZE
THIS ACIDITY
• LACTATE IS A SOURCE OF ENERGY
HOW CAN WE HELP TO PREVENT THE BUILD UP OF
LACTIC ACID (PREVIOUS STUDIES)
• BREATHING PROPERLY
• 60 MINUTES OF MODERATE TO VIGOROUS CARDIOVASCULAR EXERCISE A DAY
• HYDRATING – DRINK A GLASS OF WATER
EVERY TIME YOU EAT
• HOW MANY CUPS OF WATER SHOULD YOU HAVE A DAY?
• EATING HEALTHY – CARBOHYDRATES PRIOR TO DOING INTENSE EXERCISE
• STRETCHING
HOW TO INCREASE THE CLEARING RATE OF
LACTATE FROM THE BLOOD
• ALTERNATING
TEMPO RUN
• RUN A SET DISTANCE (EVEN NUMBERS ARE TYPICALLY BEST) AND ALTERNATE BETWEEN A SLOWER
AND FASTER PACE EACH MILE
•
THE SLOW MILE TEACHES YOUR BODY TO BECOME BETTER AT PROCESSING LACTATE
• HYDRATING
• ACTIVE RECOVERY
AFTER STRENUOUS EXERCISE
PROBLEMS WITH THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
• WHAT ARE SOME INJURIES THAT YOU HAVE HAD OR HEARD OF WHEN
• TALK TO A PARTNER
IT COMES TO MUSCLES?
BRUISE
• A.K.A. CONTUSION
• WHEN SOFT TISSUE OF YOUR BODY HAS BEEN BUMPED
•
SMALL VEINS AND CAPILLARIES UNDER THE SKIN BREAK AND CAUSE RED BLOOD CELLS TO LEAK OUT OF THE BLOOD VESSELS
• THE RED BLOOD CELLS COLLECT UNDER THE SKIN CAUSING THE COLOR OF BRUISES
•
WHEN THE SKIN BEGINS TO TURN THE YELLOWISH COLOR AFTER IT HAS BEEN BRUISED FOR A WHILE, IT MEANS YOUR BODY IS BREAKING
DOWN THE BLOOD CELLS IN THE SKIN
• CARING FOR A BRUISE
• PUT ICE ON THE AREA IMMEDIATELY FOR 10-20 MINUTES FOLLOWING THE IMPACT
• USUALLY TAKES 2 WEEKS FOR A BRUISE TO GO AWAY
SPRAIN VS. STRAINS
SPRAIN
STRAIN
• RELATED TO THE SKELETAL SYSTEM NOT THE MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
•
STRETCH AND OR TEAR OF A LIGAMENT
•
WHAT IS A LIGAMENT?
• CAUSE OF A SPRAIN:
•
DIRECT OR INDIRECT TRAUMA THAT KNOCKS A JOINT
OUT OF POSITION AND OVERSTRETCHES OR IN EXTREME
CASES TEARS THE LIGAMENT
•
EXAMPLES:
FALL, A BLOW TO THE BODY
• DAILY EXAMPLES:
•
LANDING ON YOUR ANKLE
•
RUNNING ON UNEVEN SURFACES (TURNING YOUR
ANKLE)
• TREATMENT:
•
REST, ICE, ELEVATION AND COMPRESSION = RICE
• INJURY TO THE MUSCLE AND/OR THE TENDON
•
WHAT IS A TENDON?
• CAUSE OF A STRAIN:
•
OVER USE OF MUSCLES AND TENDONS
•
INADEQUATE RECOVERY BETWEEN INTENSE WORKOUTS
•
DIRECT BLOW TO THE BODY, OVERSTRETCHING AND
EXCESSIVE MUSCLE CONTRACTION
• DAILY EXAMPLE:
•
“PULLING A MUSCLE”
• TREATMENT:
•
REST, ICE, ELEVATION AND COMPRESSION = RICE
MUSCLE CRAMP
• SUDDEN INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTIONS OF ONE OR MORE OF YOUR MUSCLES
• CAN MAKE IT TEMPORARILY IMPOSSIBLE TO USE THE MUSCLE
• CAUSES:
• LONG PERIODS OF EXERCISE OR EXTREME LABOR; PARTICULARLY IN HOT WEATHER
• DEHYDRATION
• EXAMPLE:
• “CHARLEY HORSE”
• TREATMENT:
• MUSCLE STRETCHES TO HELP REDUCE CHANCE OF GETTING A CRAMP
• STAY WELL HYDRATED
• MASSAGE THE AREA OF THE CRAMP
QUIZ NEXT CLASS!!
• QUIZ ON LABELING THE 14 SKELETAL MUSCLES.
• AD = 11/19
• BE = 11/20
• CF = 11/23
HUMAN BODY: PUSHING THE
LIMITS
BY: DISCOVERY
Strength – Muscular Fiber (Begin at 8 min – 5 minutes long – Stop at 14 min
MUSCLE FIBER VIDEO
• WHAT DID YOU FIND INTERESTING?
• WHAT NEW INFORMATION DID YOU LEARN?
• HOW DID THIS VIDEO APPLY TO WHAT WE
FIBERS?
JUST TOOK NOTES ON, MUSCLE PROBLEMS AND