Global Studies
Name ______________________________
General Knowledge Review
Geography
Location
Where something physically is
Place
Physical and human characteristics of an area
Movement
When people, things, or ideas go from one place to another
Interaction
How people change or adapt to their environment
Region
Places unified together by a common characteristic
Latitude
Imaginary lines that run east-west, they measure distance north and
south of the Equator
Line that marks zero degrees latitude, it splits the Earth into the
northern and southern hemispheres
Imaginary lines that run north-south, they measure distance east and
west of the Prime Meridian
Line that marks zero degrees longitude, it splits the Earth into the
eastern and western hemispheres
Half of the Earth; it can be split into the northern and southern
hemispheres, or the eastern and western hemispheres
Height relative to sea level
Equator
Longitude
Prime Meridian
Hemisphere
Elevation
Direction Rivers Down hill
Flow
Factors Causing Distance from Equator (latitude), elevation, closeness to water
Climate (3)
Archipelago
Chain of islands
Canal
Man-made body of water that connect two larger bodies of water
Cape
Thin piece of land that juts out into the water (it is a type of peninsula)
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Delta
Land deposited at the mouth of a river
Gulf
Water surrounded by land on three sides
Isthmus
Thin piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land
Peninsula
Land surrounded by water on three sides
Plain
Large area of flat land
Plateau
Area of elevated, but relatively flat, land
Strait
Narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water
Tributary
Smaller river that flows into a larger one
Culture
Culture
A people’s entire way of life; it is man-made
7 Elements of
Culture
Subculture
Social organization, religion, language, customs and traditions, arts
and literature, government, economic systems
Smaller group within a culture
Foundation of
Civilization
Features of
Civilization (5)
Diffusion
Fertile land & fresh water leading to a farming surplus
Culture Clash
When two cultures come into conflict with one another because of
their differences
When a person experiences confusion in a new culture
Culture Shock
Ethnicity
Ethnocentrism
Advanced technology, specialized jobs, writing, towns and cities,
complex social organizations
When culture and ideas spread from one place to another
A group’s biological heritage, inherited from parents, that a common
cultural tradition
When a person judges other cultures using the standards of their own
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Racism
When a person believes that his racial group is superior to others
Stereotype
When a person assumes that all people in a group are the same
Values
Things a culture believe are important
Economy
Basic Economic
Questions (3)
Capitalism
(Market)
Socialism
Command
Economy
Communism
(Marxism)
Mixed Economy
Traditional
Economy
Exports
What should be made? How should it be made? Who should get it?
Economic decisions are made by the people (supply and demand);
little or no government involvement
Government has some control over the economy
When the government decides the answers the three economic
questions
Government has total control over the economy
Individuals makes some decisions about he economy and the
government makes others
People produce mostly what they need to survive
Goods shipped out of a country
Imports
Good shipped into a country
Interdependence
When different groups or countries rely on each other
Subsistence
Farming
When a farmer grows enough to eat and no extra to sell
Most Common
Activity in World
Farming
Religion
Questions
Answered (3)
Monotheism
Where did I come from? Why am I here? What happens when I die?
Belief in one god
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Polytheism
Belief in many gods
Secular
Showing no preference for a particular religion
Government
Democracy
Government decision made by the people
Republic
Government decision made by elected representatives
Monarchy
Government decision made by king or queen
Oligarchy
Government decision made by a small elite group
Dynasty
Ruling family
Theocracy
Government decision made by a religious leader
Autocracy
Government decision made by a single person with unlimited power
Dictatorship
Government decision made by a single person who usually holds
power using force
When the government controls all aspects of the people’s lives
Totalitarian
State
Fascism
Anarchy
Dictatorship with strong feelings of nationalism, and strong control
over the economy
When there is no government
Constitution
Document that sets up, and lays out the rules for, a government
Imperialism
When one country controls another for economic and political gain
Liberal
Believes in government involvement in the economy and social
freedom; they support change
Believes in little government involvement in the economy, less social
freedom, and a strong military; they like things to stay the same
Conservative
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Social Organization
Social Classes
Groups of people ranked in order of status; it can be based on
occupation, money, etc.
Hierarchy
How people are ranked in a society
Nuclear Family
Parents and children
Extended Family Parents, children, aunts, uncles, and grandparents
Arranged
Marriage
Dowry
When parents choose their child’s spouse
Monogamy
Having one spouse
Polygamy
Having many spouses
Gift given by the bride to a groom as part of their wedding
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