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t'/
'No.
No.
?0PNPEN
Itlar.1970
Mar. 1970
SALINITY,
RUNOFF
AND
MEASUREMENTS
SALINITY,
RUNOFF
AND WIND
WIND MEASUREMENTS
YAOUINA
ESTUARY,
OREGON
YAQUINA
ESTUARY,
OREGON
CLEA
I
I
;
iI t
]
FEl| ERAL WATER
WATER
FEDERAL
Pt|LLUTItlN
CtlNTRtlL
POLLUTION
CONTROL
AIl MI 1.II ST RATI (l II
ADMINISTRATION
N(lRTHWEST
REGItliI
NORTHWEST
REGION
Nt|RTHWEST
PACIFIG
PACIFIC
NORTHWEST
LABtlRAT[|RY
WATER
WATERLABORATORY
CORVALLIS,
C O R V A L L I S , OOREGON
REGON
SALINITY,
SALINITY, RUNOFF
RUNOFF AND
AND I{IND
WIND MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENTS
YAQUINA
ESTUARY,
YAQUINA ESTUARY,
OREGON
OREGON
A
p ri l 1967
1967-- October
April
0ctober 1968
1968
by
by
R . 3.
J . Callaway
Callaway
R.
G.
R. Ditsworth
Ditswor th
G. R.
. D.
D . L.
L . Cutchin
Cutchin
t'{orking
PaperNo.
Working Paper
No. 70
70
United
United States
States Departnent
Department of
of the Interior
Interior
Federal
l.later
Federal Water Pollution
Pollution control
Control Administrationn
Administration, Northwest
Northwest Reqion
Region
Pacific
Pacific Northwest
Northwest Water
Water Laboratorv
Laboratory
200
200 Southwest
Southwest Thirty-fifth
Thirty-fifth Street
Streed
C o rvaIl i s, Oregon
Corvallis,
0r egon97330
97330
March
Mar
ch1970
1970
rffi{flilil$
U.S. EP1mRRY REGLON 1OMATERILS
ii
RX000025696
FEDEML
POLLUTION
CONTROL
FEDERAL WATER
WATER POLLUTION
CONTROL
ADMINISTRATION
ADf4INISTMTION
NORTHWEST
REGION,
PORTLAND,
NORTHWEST
REGION,
PORTLAND,
OREGON
oREGoN
JamesL.
L. Agee,
James
Agee, Regional
RegionalDirector
Director
PACIFIC
N0RTHWEST
PACIFIC NORTHWEST
WATER LABORATORY
I^IATER
LABORAT0RY
CORVALLIS,
CORVALLIS,
OREGON
OREGON
A . F.
F . Bartsch,
Bar tsch, Director
A.
Dir ector
NATIONAL
THERMAL
NATIONAL
THERMAL
POLLUTION
RESEARCH
POLLUTION
RESEARCH
Frank H.
H. Rainwater
Frank
Rainwater
NATIONAL
EUTROPHICATION
NATIONAL
EUTROPHICATION
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
A. F.
F. Bartsch
Bar tsch
A.
NATIONAL
COASTAL
NATIONAL
COASTAL
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
RESEARCH
RESEARCH
D
a u mg a rtn e r
D.. J.
J. B
Baumgartner
hIASTETREATMENT
TREATMENT
RESEARCH
WASTE
RESEARCH
ANDTECHNOLOGY:
TECHN0L0GY:
AND
Pulp &&
Pulp
Paper;
Paper; Food
FoodProcessing;
Processing;
WoodProducts
Products&& Logging;
Wood
Logging;
Special Studies
Special
Studies
James
James R.
R. Boydston
Boydston
BIOLOGICAL
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
EFFECTS
G e ra l dR.
Gerald
R . Bouck
B o u ck
I,IANPOI,IER
MANPOWER
AND TRAINING
AND
TRAINING
Lyman
Lyman
J.
J . Nielson
Nielson
CONSOL
CONSOL
IDATED LABORATORY
LABORATORY
IDATEO
SERVICES
SERVICES
Daniel
Daniel F.
F. Krawczyk
Krawczyk
NATIONAL
COASTAL
NATIONAL
COASTAL
POLLUTION
POLLUTION
RESEARCH
PROGRAM
RESEARCH PROGRAM
D . J.
0.
J. Baumgartner,
Baumgar tnerChief
,
Chief
R
R.. J
J.
Callaway
. C
allaway
H. Feldman
M.
M. H.
Feldm an
B . 0.
B.
D . Clark
Clark
G.
G. R.
R. Ditsworth
Ditsworth
t,l. A.
W.
A. UeBen
lleBen
L.
L . C.
C. Bentsen
Bentsen
D.
D. S.
Tr ent
S. Trent
D.
D . L.
L . Cutchin
Cutchin
E.. M
M.. G
Gruchalla
E
ruchalla
L.
L . G.
G. Hermes
Her mes
DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT
OFTHE
THE INTERtOR
OF
INTERIOR
ln its
its assigned
a3signed
functtonas
as the
the Nation's
in
function
Nation's
principal
principal natural
natural
resource agency,
resource
agency, the
the
Departrentof
of the
the Interior
Department
Interior bears
bearsaa special
special
obligation to
obligation
assure that
to assure
that our
expendable
our expendable
resources are
resources
are conserved,
conserved, that
that renewable
renewable
resourcesare
produce optimum
resources
are managed
managedto
to produce
optimum
yieldsr and
yields,
contribute
aodthat
that all
aIl resources
resources
contribute
progress, prosprostheir full
full measure
measure
their
to
to the
the progress,
perity, and
perity,
andsecurity
security of
of America,
America, now
nowand
and
in
in the
the future.
future.
A Working
presenfsresults
ttorkingPaper
Paperpresents
A
results of
of
lnvestigationswhich
Investigations
which are
are to
some extent
extent
to some
limited or
incomplete. Therefore,
limited
or incomplete.
Therefore,
conclusions
conclusions or
or recommendations--expressed
recommendations--expressed
or
or implied--are
implied--aretentative.
tentative.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
Chapter
Chapter
II..
III.
I.
Page
Page
INTRODUCTION
.
INTRODUCTION
................... .1I
a
FIELD
FIELD DATA
DATA COLLECTION
COLLECTION
...............
3
3
Salinity
Sal tnity Measurements
Measurements ...............
3
3
Locations
andDepths
Depthsof
Locations and
of Data
DataCollection
Collectton
Instrumentati
Instrumentation
on ................
FlowChart
Chartof
Flow
of Data
Data Acquisition
Acquisition and
andReduction
Reduction
Cal
ibration
Calibration ..................
Maintenance
andService
Maintenance
and
Service ............
Problems
Associated
wfth Instrument
Problems
Associated
with
Operation.
Instrument
0peration.
Lengthof
of Record
Length
Record.................
3
3
7
7
.
'
III.
III.
.
.
l0
10
l0
10
l0
10
t2
12
12
12
Stream
FlowMeasurements
Measurements
Stream Flow
..............
12
t2
Station
Locati.on,Instrumentation,
Instrumentation, and
Station Location,
and
T e ch n i q u es..................
Techniques
.
14
14
WindMeasurements
WindMeasurements
. ................
14
14
DATA
DATA QUALITY
QUALITY AND
AND THE
THE NOVEMBER
NOVEMBER 1969
OF THE
THE
1969STATE
STATE
OF
DATARECORDS
RECORDS
DATA
.
22
...................
- November
Condition
Condition of
of the
the Data
Data November
1969 .......
1969
D
e scri p ti o nof
o f Data
Data Block
Block Available
Available for
Description
for Use
Thr ough
UseThrough
0S-3 System
OS-3System
....................
APPENDIX.Example
APPENDIX.
Example of
of Use
Useof
Bay File
File
"Bay"
...........
22
25
34
34
LIST OF
LIST
OFTABLES
TABLES
Tabl
Table
e
Page
Page
l1..
Inserted
Durnmy
Inserted Dummy
Values
Values................
2.
2.
Frolander,Bergeron,
Bergeron,
Frolander,
McCormick,
Crandal
M cConnick,
Cr andalSalinity
Data
DatafPartial
(Partial)
....................
).
27
27
29
29
LIST OF
OFFItJRES
LIST
FIGURES
Figurg
Figure
l.
1.
2.
2.
Page
Page
FTIPCA
project,
Stati.ons-- Estuary
FWPCA
Stations
Diffusion Project,
Estuary Diffusion
Y a q u i n aEstuary
E stu a ry
Yaquina
....................
4
4
cross-sections of
Estuary at
at Conductivity
conductivity Monitoring
Cross-sections
of Estuary
Monitoring
Sites -- Yaquina
YaquinaBay,
Sites
Bay, Oregon
0regon
5
5
.............
3.
3.
T yp i ca l Installation
In sta l l a ti o n for
for Monitoring
Monitor ingSurface
Typical
Sur faceand
and Bottom
Bottom
S
a
l
i
n
i
t
y.
Salinity
6
6
4.
4.
.......................
Conducti
vity Recorder
(Salinometer) ..........
Recorder(Salinometer)
Conductivity
I
8
5.
5.
C
h a rt S
h o w i n gT
yp i cal Conductivity
ConductivityTr
Chart
Showing
Typical
Trace
ace
9
9
6.
6.
.......
p r o c e s s i n g...........
S a l i n i t y and
a n dWind
W i n dData
D a t aProcessing
Salinity
1t
11
7
Data Extent
7..
Extent and
and Present
Present Condition
Data
Condition ........... 13
l3
8.
8.
Exampleof
StreamFlow
FlowRecord
Example
of Stream
Record
9.
9.
S
ta g eH
e i g h t iin
yaquina
n Feet
F e et Vs.
Stage
Height
Streamfiow
C.F.S -- Yaqu-ina
Vs. Str
eamflowC.F.S.
R
i ve r a
n d Elk
River
and
E l k Creek
C reek................. 16
l6
.............
10.
10.
GeodyneWind
Recorder
Geodyne
Wind Recorder
Il.
11.
P o l a r-H
i sto g ra m
o
{ ind Source
Polar
Histogram
off }Wind
Sour ceDirection
Dir ection -- August
August21,
21,
t96B -- September
1968
September 30,
30, 1968
1968 .
.................
..............
l5
15
17
17
l9
19
1
2 . Example
12.
Exampleof
of Wind
WindRecord
Recordfrom
from Climet
Climet Recorder
RecorderRecord
Record
FromOctober
0ctober 2,
From
2, 1967
1961.
.................
13.
13.
P ri n to u t o
a l f-h our ly !ilind
Printout
off H
Half-hourly
Wind Speed
and Direction
Speedand
Direction
Values
from
Recordfor
Values from Climet
Climet Record
for October
October 2,
2, 1967
1967
.
14.
14.
parameters
Daily Averages
Averagesfor
for Selected
Daily
SelectedParameters
.
.
.
........
20
20
21
21
24
24
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
program(NCPRP)
The
National coastal
Pollution Research
(NcpRp)of
ResearchProgram
The National
Coastal Pollution
of
the FWPCA
FWPCA
has as
as one
one of
the
has
of its
its functions
functions in-house
in-houseand
andextramural
extramural
development
of mathematical
mathematfcalmodels
development of
modelsof
purposeof
of estuaries.
estuaries. The
The purpose
of
such models
is in
in the
such
models is
the management
management and
and prediction
prediction of
of water
water quality
quality
i n estuaries.
estuaries.
in
If a
properly verified
is properly
If
a given
given model
model is
verified and
andused
usedwith
with an
an eye
eye
t o its
i t s limitations,
l i m i t a t i o n s , it
i t can
to
c a nbe
b e an
a n indispensable
i n d i s p e n s a b ltool.
teo o l .
I f it
i t is
is
If
p ro p e rl y verified,
n o t properly
ve ri fi e d , it
i t is
is an
an ornament;
or nament;if
not
if it
is used
it is
incautiousl y ,
usedincautiously,
it
problemsand
it can
can create
create more
more problems
and waste
waste more
moretime
time than
than no
no model
model
a t all.
at
all.
V
e ri fi ca ti o n d
a ta is
i s difficult
Verification
data
difficult to
to obtain
obtain in
most
cases and
and
in m
ost cases
(e.g., bacteria
m o redifficult
d i ffi cu l t for
fo r some
so re (e.g.,
more
bacter ia distribution)
distr ibution) than
than others
other s
((e.g.,
e . g . , temperature).
t e m p e r a t u r e ) .S
a l i n i t y , as
a s conductivity,
c o n d u c t i v i t y ,is
i s one
Salinity,
o n eof
o f the
the
easier
easier properties
properties to
to measure
measure continuously
continuously and
and reliably
reliably and
and is
is of
of
prime
importancein
in determining
determiningthe
prime importance
the density
density structure
structure of
water
of aa water
body.
body.
programdiscussed
The data
data collection
collection program
The
discussed in
in this
this report was
was
intended
purposes: I1))
intended for
for two
two purposes:
provide data
to provide
to
data for
for verification
verfflcation
o f aa solution
so l u ti o n o
of
off the
th e advection-diffusion
a d vection- diffusionequation,
equation, and
2,
and 2)
to
to
provide long,
long, continuous
records on
provide
continuous records
on which
which to
to test
test certain
hypothesesrelated
related to
hypotheses
to time-series
tirne-seriesanalysis.
analysis.
During the
the course
During
course of
of the field
field collection
and since
since then
then
collection and
we have
havehad
had several
several requests
requests for
we
for the
the data
data and
and for
descriptions of
for descriptions
2
what
collected, where
what was
was collected,
whereand
andwhen.
when. This
This report
report is
is an
aninformal
informal
processingtechniques
summary
of data
data processing
techniquesand
summary
of
andlists
lists the
the data
data available
available
presentcondition.
andits
its present
and
condition.
permits,we
As time
time permits,
wewill
will use
usethe
As
the data
data ourselves
ourservesto
to verify
verify aa
modelof
of the
the Yaquina
Yaquina
model
River
RiverEstuary.
Estuary. In
In the
hope
the meantinre,
meantime, we
we hope
this
indicateto
to those
thoseinterested
this report
report will
will indicate
interestedwhat
is available;
whatis
available;
i f sstill
t i l l interested,
i n t e r e s t e d we'll
, e ' l l be
w
b e happy
h a p p to
yt o help
y o udig
if
h e l pyou
d i g it
i t out.
out.
\}lA
2
z
4
lr,
E
U
c.
,l
MILL
Legend
Legend
ConductivityMeter
O Conductivity
0
MeterLocation
Location
-<
L'lindRecorder
-'
RecorderLocation
Wind
Location
E Ti
E!J
Tide
Gauge
Location
d e Ga
u g eL
o ca ti o n
g Stream
GaugeLocation
<)
Stream Gauge
Location
Station
Stati
on
(l)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(5)
(6)
(6)
(2)
(7
(7))
C,REEK
River
R i v e r Mile*
Mile*
(Nautic.al)
(Nautical)
|.5
r .1.5
OSU
Dock
Dock
"'
O
SU
. \ , 3.5
3.5
''
Sawyer's
S a w y e r 'Dock
D
s ock
n , 77.0
.0
Fowler's
"'
F o w l e r ' sDock
Dock
9.5
C r i t e s e r ' sDock
Criteser's
D o c k ' \ ,9.5
nl 4 . 0
Burpee
Burpee
"14.0
16.0
Charlie's
C
h a r l i e ' sDock
D o c k n16.O
((Fritz)
Fritz)
q,l
Elk
k City
'l9.5
El
9.5
City
'
* River
*
RiverMile
Mile 0.00
is the
seaward
0.00 is
the seaward
jetty.
endof
of the
end
the south
southjetty.
FIGURE
F I GU R1.
lE.
FWPCA
F WP CStations,
Diffusion Project,
Estuar y
SAta ti o ns, Estuary
Estuar yDiffusion
Pr ojectn Yaquina
YaquinaEstuary
FIELD
FIELD DATA
DATA COLLECTION
COLLECTION
Salinity Measurements
Salinity
Measurements
conductivity data
data from
from which
Conductivity
which salinity
salinity values
values were
were computed
computed
w e r ecollected
co l l e cte d at
a t 10
were
l 0 locations
l o cations in
in Yaquina
YaquinaBay
Bayand
and estuary
estuar y during
dur ing
the
the period
period April
April 1967
1967-- October
October 1968.
1968.
L o ca ti o n sand
Locations
a n d Depths
D e p th sof
o f Data
Data Collection
Collection
D a ta co
l l e cti o n sites
si tes are
ar e shown
shownin
Data
collection
in Figure
Figur e 1I and
identified
and are
ar e identified
as OSU
Bottom, Sawyer,
as
OSU Surface,
Surface, OSU
OSU Bottom,
Sawyer,Fowler,
Fowler, Criteser
Criteser Surface,
Surface,
Criteser
BurpeeSurface,
Criteser Bottom,
Bottom, Burpee
Surface, Burpee
BurpeeBottom,
Bottom,Fritz*
Fritz* and
and Elk
Elk
p ri vate or public
public floating dock
E a chsi
te is
i s aa private
Each
site
dock located
located
City.
City.
n e a rsh o reand
( autom obile) .
a n d easily
nearshore
e a si l y serviced
se rvicedby
by land
land routes
r outes (automobile).
Data were
collected at
(about 1.5
at the
the water
Data
were collected
water surface
surface (about
1.5 feet
feet
beneath
beneath the
the surface)
surface) at OSU
OSU Surface,
Surface, Sawyer,
Fowler, Criteser
Sawyer,Fowler,
Surface, Burpee
BurpeeSurface,
Surface,
Surface, Fritz
Fritz and
andElk
Elk City.
City.
(about
Bottomdata
Bottom
data (about
1.5 feet
1.5
feet off
off the bottom)
bottom) were
were collected at OSU
OSU Bottom,
Bottom, Criteser
Criteser
Bottomand
BurpeeBottom
Bottomat
depths of about
Bottom
and Burpee
at depths
about 16
16 feet,
feet, 77 feet
feet and
and
(Figure2).
7 feet,
feet, respectively,
respectively, below
7
belowMean
MeanLower
LowerLow
LowWater
l,later(Figure
2).
probeswere
Conductivity
were attached
attached to
Conductivity probes
to floating
floating docks
docksto
to obtain
obtain
s u r fa ce d
p i l i n gs to
( Figur e 3).
a ta a
n d to
to pilings
surface
data
and
to obtain
obtain bottom
bottomdata
data (Figure
3) .
*l l | ehave,
h a ve , u
n fo rtu n a te l y, also
*We
unfortunately,
also called
called this Charlie,
Char lie, thus
thus Fritz
Fr itz and
and
Charlie refer
refer to
Charlie
to the
samestation.
the same
station.
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FOR Morttroatr.l('
IA$TALLATTON
SURFACE.
SUE.
Pi'LD
BOTTO}A
ANg BOTTOP'.
SNI-TNTTY.
7
Instrurnntati
Ins
trumentati on
on
Conductivity data
data were
Conductivity
were collected
collected with battery-powered
battery-powered
Beckman**
modelRQ1-7CH2C-R9K
RQI-7CHZC-R9K
recordingconductivity
Beckman**
model
recording
conductivity meters
meters
( F i gu re4).
4 ).
(Figure
T h esystem
syste mconsists
consists of
powersource,
of aa recording
r ecor dingunit,
The
unit, power
sour ce,
a n d associated
a sso ci a te delectronics
e l e ctro n i cs enclosed
enclosedin
in aa weather-resistant
and
metal
weather - r esistant
m etal
h o u si n gand
a n d a 100
housing
1 0 0 fo
foot
o t long'electrical
l o ng' electr ical cable
cable with attached
attached
p ro b e . An
cconductivity
o n d u cti vi ty probe.
A n analog
analogrecord
r ecor d of
of the
the conductivity
conductivity is
is
r e c o rd e d b
e n on
polar chart
( r igur e 5),
ink p
recorded
byy a
ann ink
pen
on a
a polar
which is
char t (Figure
5) , which
is
d
r i v e n by
b y aa me
ch a n i ca l l ywound
driven
mechanically
woundclockworks.
clockwor ks. The
Theclockworks
clockwor ksare
ar e
gearedsuch
such that
that the
the chart
geared
chart makes
per week.
makesone
one revolution
revolution per
week.
i n stru me n tw
pr inciple that saltwater
T h e instrument
o rkson
the principle
on the
The
works
saltwater conducts
conducts
electricity at
proportional to
at aa rate
rate propOrtional
to the
the salt
electricity
salt content
content and
and temperatemperature of
ture
the water.
of the
water.
Alternating current,
cument, converted
Alternating
convertedfrom
from battery-
direct current
current by
by an
direct
oscillator, and
an oscillator,
and transmitted
transmitted to an
exposed
an exposed
passesthrough
terminal in
in the
the water,
terminal
water, passes
water and
through the
the water
and is
is received
received
by aa second
by
secondexposed
exposedterminal.
terminal.
to the
the recording
to
recordingunit.
unit.
This
is transmitted
This current
cument is
transmitted back
back
(whichis
The
ambientwater
water temperature
The ambient
temperature(which
is
not recorded)
recordeO)is
is measured
thermistor and
not
measured by
by aa thermistor
and transmitted
transmitted to the
recording unit.
recording
unit.
A temperature
temperaturecompensator
A
compensator
in
in the
the recording
recording unit
unit
electronically
electronically cancels
cancels effects
effects of temperature
temperatureand
and causes
causesthe
the
conductivity to
recordedat a constant
conductivity
to be
be recorded
constant reference
temperature
reference temperature
(2s"c).
(25°C).
**Use of
product and
of product
and company
company
namesis
**Use
names
is for
for identification
identification only
and
only and
does not
not constitute
constitute endorsement
endorsement
by the
Department
does
by
of the
the U.
U. S.
S. Department
the
I nte ri o r o
F e d e ralWater
th e Federal
Interior
orr the
W aterPollution
Pollution Control
Contr olAdministration.
Administr ation.
Frontview
viewof
of salinonieter:
salinometer:shows
Front
shows
chart,
chart,
p e nand
probe;footlong
i n k i n gpen
a n dcable
long
c a b l ewith
w i t h probe;foot
inking
g i v e sscale.
rrule
u l e on
o n top
t o p gives
scale.
powersource,
door removed;
removed;
Rear
source,
shows
view: door
showspower
Rear view:
paneland
probe.
rear
rear electronic
electronicpanel
andcable
w i t hprobe.
c a b l ewith
F IGU R4.
4E.
FIGURE
( Sali nom eter )
ConductivityRecorder
Recor der(Salin6meter)
Conductivity
FIGURE
5E.
F IGU R5.
Chart
Typical Conductivity
Trace
C
h a rt Showing
ShowingTypical
ace
ConductivityTr
lI,J
0
Flow Chart of Data Acquisition and Reduction
ste p s involved
i n vo l ve din
i n collecting
collecting salinity
Steps
salinity and
and wind
wind data
data and
and
r e du ci n git
i t are
a re shown
sh o w nin
i n the
reducing
diagram
the flow
( Figur e 6).
flow diagr
am(Figure
6) .
C
a li b ra ti o n
Calibration
In stru me n tsin
i n service
se rv ice were
wer ecalibrated
Instruments
car ibr atedweekly
weeklybeginning
beginningin
in
D e ce mb e
1r9 6 7 . Prior
December
1967.
P ri o r to
to that
that.tim
e, they
time,
they were
wer ecalibrated
calibr ated once
onceaa
m o nth . Tertiary
T e rti a ry saltwater
month.
sa l tw a ter standards
( seawaterdilutions) of
standar ds(seawater
of
a
p p r o x i m a t e l6,
6y, 112,
2 , 1 18,
8 , 2 424,
, and
parts p
approximately
a n d30
3 0 parts
e r thousand
t h o u s a n (PPT),
d( p p T ) ,
per
r e s p e cti ve ]y, were
w e reused
u se dfor
respectively,
for calibration.
calibr ation.
The conductivity
pr obe
conductivity probe
The
of
instrumentwas
inmersedin
in each
of each
each instrument
was immersed
each solution and
andthe
the correscorrespondingchart
chart reading
reading was
wasrecorded.
ponding
recorded. The
The data
data were
were used
usedto
to derive
derive
ccoefficients
o effi ci e n ts by
by w
h i ch salinity
sa linity data
which
data were
wer ecalculated
calculated from
fr om the
the
conductivity
chart records.
records. The
conductivity chart
The tertiary
tertiary standards
standardswere
were tested
tested
w e ekl yagainst
a g a i n st secondary
se co n d a rystandards
weekly
standar dsto
to insure
insur e their
their reliability.
r eliability.
Maintenance
and Service
Service
Maintenance and
Servicing
Servicing of
of meters
meters was
was done
done at
at least once
once aa week
weekand
and
c o n si ste dof
o f changing
ch a n g i n gcharts,
ch ar ts, cleaning
consisted
cleaningthe
the conductivity
pr obes
conductivity probes
of mud
mudand
growth, checking
and marine
marinegrowth,
of
pen operation
checkingpen
operation and
ink supply,
and ink
supply,
c h e cki n g ,adjusting,
a d j u sti n g , if
i f necessary,
necessar y,and
checking,
winding clockworks,
and winding
cr ockwor ks,and
and
checkingbatteries
batteries for
proper voltage.
for proper
checking
voltage.
Batteries were
replaced
Batteries
were replaced
a
r e q u i re d .
ass required.
B
a tte ri e s maintained
ma i n ta i n edaa ser
9.5 volts m
viceablevoltage
Batteries
serviceable
voltage ((9.5
minimum)
inimum)
p e ri o d of
f o r aa period
o f 10
l 0 to
to 14
for
1 4 days.
days. They
Theymaintained
maintainedthis
this voltage
voltage
InstrumentCalibration
Instrument
Cali bration and
Maintenance
Maintenance
(wind)
Log in Analog Records
I
I
Visual editing comments.
Send to Computer Center.
W ee kl yServicing
Weekly
S e rvi ci n g
S a l i n i ty Standards
S ta n d a rd sCheck
Salinity
C h e ck
Analog
digital converAnalogto digital
conver (digitizer)
sion
s i o n (digitizer)
Instrument
Instrument
Calibration
Cali bration
Input coefficients:
Input
coefficients: corncomp u t e1/2
pute
1 / 2 hour
h o u rsalinities
salinitles
and/or
winds.
and/orwinds.
I
Compute
Compute coefficients
coefficients
Conductivity
Conductivity to
salinity
to salinity
( S ==
(S
A*CB*C2)
A*C+B*C2)
printer
Output to
andprinter
to tape
tape and
Output
(error)
I
EDIT
I
Output
to disk
disk for
for statisstatisOutputto
tical
andother
analyses
tical and
other analyses
FIGURE
6E.
F IGU R6.
Pr ocesstng
Data Processing
Salinity and
and Wind
liind Data
Salinity
12
12
f o r the
th e mi
p e ri o d during
n i mu m
for
minimum
period
d ur ing cold
cold weather.
weather . Battery
Batter y life
r ife was
was
moredependent
dependenton
on air
air temperature
temperaturethan
than the
the current
more
cument draw
drawdue
due to
to
'l
arge salinity
sal i ni ty fluctuations.
large
fl uctuati ons.
P
r o b l e ms
A
sso ci a te dwith
w i th Instrument
Instr um entOperation
Problems
Associated
Oper ation
0 cca si o n a l l y, an
a n instrument
i n str umentwould
wouldstop
stop functioning
Occasionally,
functioningfor
for aa
period of
of hours
hoursor
period
or days.
days. This
This seemed
seemed
to occur
occur most
most frequently
to
frequenily
p e ri o d s of
d
u r i n g periods
o f cold
during
co l d weather.
w eather .
p ro b e sfailed
co n d u cti vi ty probes
failed on
on occasion
Conductivity
occasionfor
for no
no known
knownreason.
r eason.
a s e s , ggenerally,
e n e r a l l y , aanother
IIn
n ssuch
u c hccases,
n o t h e rccable
was
a b l ew
n s t a l l e d aand
a s iinstalled
n d tthe
he
iinstrument
n s tru me n to
p e ra te dsatisfactorily.
sa ti sfactor i ly.
operated
Lengthof
Record
Length
of Record
T h e length
l e n g th of
o f record
re co rdat
eachstation
The
at each
station is
is shown
shownin
in Figure
Figur e7.
7.
StreamFlow
Flow Measurements
lvleasurements
Stream
S tre a mfl o wdata
d a ta of
o f the
the Yaquina
YaquinaRiver
Streamfiow
River and
andElk
Elk Creek,
Cr eek,the
the two
two
m a jo r tributaries
tri b u ta ri e s to
to the
th e Yaquina
YaquinaEstuary,
major
Estuar y,were
wer ecollected
collected from
fr om
April 1967
1967to
to November
November
April
1968
1968by
by the
the Pacific
Pacific Northwest
NorthwestWater
Water
Laboratory. Together,
Together, these
Laboratory.
percent
these two
two streams
streamsdrain
drain about
about 68
68 percent
o f the
th e Yaquina
Y a q u i n aBay
B a ywatershed.
of
w a te rshed. Flow
Flow data
data for
for Mill
Mill Creek,
Cr eek, a smaller
smaller
tributary to
to the
the estuary,
estuary, were
tributary
were obtained
obtained from
from the
the Geological
GeologicalSurvey.
Survey.
Mr. A
C h ri sti a n so nsupervised
super visedthe
the installation
gauges
Mr.
Alden
instal:lation of the
l d e n Christianson
the gauges
and obtained
obtained the
the stage
and
stage versus
versusflow
flow data.
data.
-*E
P=b PE E =E
E-H=.rrfrH
6 6 >
Y
iEH= i; = . =i *F' "F E ii -3. = E ; E
:9 E. ;: ! = = == . = . H
= = = . ;E- -.
\
H
==t
4E
F
i
H *=
>
I
-
s
6
o
STREAI4FLOW. MILL CREEK
a
(o
o
p
E
3
(5
I
oIL
Primitive
(u
F
E
?r
=
a
=:. d
J
5
ELK CREEK
CD
KLKCITY
c\l
STREAMFLOW. YAQUIM RIVER
-
FRITZ
-
BOTTOM
SALINITY, BURPEE TOP
:
E
ts
CRITESER lOP
CRITESER BOTTOM
!
FOWLER
a
SALINITY. SAWYER
Iiltl
lI IlI l l Il
2
1
n
TJ
33
BOTTOM
ill il
U'
o
SAI.INITY, OSU DOCK TOP 1
3
9)
TIDES. 055 DOCK
Good
i
(u
WIND. NORTH JETTY
Best
E
Ju,
ilt t l
ilil1
il| l
IIJU
I-
s
i
l!p!
I
!
o
(F
I
lxl
I
t\
lrl
FIGURE 7.
L
L
1
-4 4-
I
I
I________________________________________________________________________________
1
DATA CONDITION SCALE (See page 21 for discussion)
c
o
a
a
o
a
+t
'o
s
o
(J
+t
g
(I,
a^
(l,
tA
€
E
r!
+t
c
o
+t
lrl
Data Extent and Present Condition.
;
o
x
.6
+.'
r!
o
l4
14
St
a ti o n L
o ca ti o n , Instrumentation,
In stru nentation,and
Station
Location,
andTechniques
Techniques
g a u g i n gstations
T
e mp o ra ry
stations wene
Temporary
gauging
were installed
installed immediately
ir nm ediaterabove
y
above
t h e tidally-influenced
ti d a l l y-i n fl u e n ce d reaches
reachesof
the
of each
each of the
major tributaries
the two
two major
tr ibutar ies
( F i g u r e1).
(Figure
1) .
w a te r levels
l e ve l s were
w e recontinuously
continuouslyrecorded
( see
r ecor dedin
Water
in analog
analogform
for m (See
F i g u re 8
i th Leupold
L e u p o l dand
a nd Stevens
stevensType
Figure
8)) w
with
TypeF,
Model61,
F, Model
6r n water
waterlevel
r evel
rrecorders.
e c ord e rs. The
T h ew
a te r level,
l e vel, indicated
indicated on
water
on aa visually-read
visually- r ead staff
staff
g a u g e 'installed
i n sta l l e d at
e a chsite,
a t each
site, was
gauge,
was recorded
r ecor dedon
on the
the analog
analogrecord
r ecor d
e a chtime
ti me the
i n stru me n twas
th e instrument
each
( weekly) .
wasserviced
ser viced(weekly).
U si n gthese
th e se data
d a ta and
per iodic discharge
a n ddata
data from
fr omperiodic
Using
dischar gemeasurements,
measur emen ts ,
t h e continuous
co n ti n u o u sflows
fl o w s in
i n each
eachstream
the
str eamwere
wer ecalculated.
calculated. Stream
str eamflows
flows
v e r su s stage
sta g e fo
r th
e Y
a quinaRiver
River and
versus
for
the
Yaquina
and Elk
Elk Creek
Cr eekare
ar e shown
shownin
F i g u re9.
Figure
9.
T h e sestreamfiow
stre a mflowdata
data have
havebeen
These
digitized and
beendigitized
and are
ar e on
on
file a
a re the
th e Geological
Ge o l o g i calSurvey
flow data
file
ass are
Sur veyflow
data from
M ill Creek.
fr omMill
Cr eek.
t,{indMeasurements
Wind
Measurements
Wi n dspeed
sp e e dand
a n d direction
d i re ction data
data were
Wind
wer ecollected
collected near
near the
the mouth
m outh
Ya q u i n aBay
o f Yaquina
per iodJune
B a yduring
d u ri n g the
th e period
of
June1967
1967to
to January
Januar y1969.
1969.
FrumJune
From
June 1967
1967 to
to December
December 1967,
data were
were collected
1967,data
collected from
from
e tty (Figure
(F i g u re 1)
t h e north
n o rth jjetty
l ) with aa Climet
the
Climet Model
M odel26
26 wind
wind recording
r ecor ding
ssystem.
y s te m. F
ro mA
p ri l 11968
9 6 8to
From
April
to October
October 1968,
l96, data
data were
wer ecollected
collected
(Figure 1)
from the
the south
south jetty
from
jetty (Figure
Wind
1) with aa Geodyne
Geodyne
WindRecorder
Recorder
( F i gu re10).
(Figure
l 0 ).
F
ro mJu
l y 1968
From
July
1968 to
to Januar
January y1969,
1969, data
data wer
weree collected
collected
the same
at
at the
samesite
site with the
the Climet
Climet recorder.
recorder.
I
I.
"a
Flow Record
B. Exampleof Str^eam
FIGURE
5000
\
STAGE HEIGHT, H, (FEET)
tt, tt
9t,
-.n
ct>o
lrl
-=
r.o
o
@
N
@
o
htJ
(5
l!
Q = -1 .638249 + 65.93246H + 28.17497H2 - 0.0007828061H3
(J
Vs.
F
1000
^
-l!
FLOW, Q, (CFS)
F
lr,
lrl
E
o
o
F
t/t
I
o
!
d
t\
<ti
<f
<l
lrt
@
o
o
=f
YAQUINA RIVER 0
c)
o
+
,\
()
cn
o
lrl
|!
ro
st
(o
ot.
,,o
FIGURE 9
+
FLOW, Q,(CFS
U'
@
(\I
t\
(\l
=
v,
)(J'
J
l!
Lr-
o
I 00
Q = -27.34791 - 28.32396H + 69.41383H2 + O.000854127H3
t\l
lat
+
dOr
Lrl st
>(\l
(Y)
@
(t
H@
d('t
sf
Or
ro
=?
=
ON
+
>o
to
or
(o
ct
tCt
I
(Y)
c;
(\l
I
sf
(Yt
|\^
/
(\to)
d
(Jl.
o:z
il
l
[!
Cr\ .
5.
I
w
I-
=
'H 'lHSItH l9vrs
1.0
10.0
w
(tltl)
0.1 +.-
/
/
'U
Ld
<tr
/
ELK CREEK
:<
lrl
/
lC/
H>0.9)
(}-
A4
A-Z\:
cs'iF-
'3
Qrv
Bo-\'\LRx
\\J\ RE<ORDEI{
D\g\-fA\F\L\^
\AJ \\JD 5PEED.
\4Eq\\)PJ\\(,
(" <-osnes'.':
c) \REc\\o\.J
\\c*-
.
BEqR\\.lQ
'4
I
(ro)r/ruorq.H6LE5
F.q-\lL"D\q.BS.
liii
L-,.;*J
cb \ J
\-- \'W-V
TH\b
$JbTRUFJ\EN\
RE<.oRD\\-I(,
\N fi HO\JT
\J
\\
.\J*J\TH
\J-J
BATTLRY
't
SLCiO
LqtsJ
BL
c-a\^Ps.:b'q$.!b
\AO\)\-\TEb
\\J
\
PRO\J\DED
/<>R\\-IC-TQII'\4E}.Tf
\-\t-r
Ce\.oE
from Geodyn
Geodyne
Drawing from
Drawlng
Corporation
Corporation General
Catalogue
Catalogue
FIGURE
IEO .
F I G U R10.
Geodyne
l,'|indRecorder
Recorder
GeodyneWind
l1I8
The Geodyne
Geodyne
The
system
wind speed
systemdigitally
digitally recorded
recordedwind
speedand
and
photogr aphicfilm
d i r e cti o n in
direction
i n binary
b i n a ry code
co d eon
on photographic
half- hour
film at half-hour
intervals.
intervals.
data records
The data
records were
The
Corporawerereduced
reducedby
by the
the Geodyne
Geodyne
Corpora-
pr intouts, histograms
t i o n and
to digital
tion
a n d converted
co n ve rte dto
d i gital printouts,
histogr amsand
and analog
analog
polar histogram
rrecords.
e co rd s. F
i g u re 11
l l sh
o wsaa polar
histogr amof
Figure
shows
dir ections
of wind
winddirections
'1968.
period August
recordedduring
during the
the period
recorded
30,
August21
2l to
30, 1968.
to September
September
The
Climet system
systemcontinuously
The Climet
continuously recorded
wind speed
and
recordedwind
speedand
d
i r e c t i o n in
i n analog
direction
a n a l o gform.
form. A
g, i v e nin
e x a m p l egiven
Ann example,
i n Figure
F i g u r e12,
is
1 2 , is
from
from the
the October
2, 1967
0ctober2,
1967record.
record.
gusty period
period
Note
Note the
intense gusty
the intense
gmu stof
w
i t h aa maximum
ma xi mugust
o f'mor
with
'moree than
than 100
knots. Data
Data fr
from
these rrecords
l00knots.
om these
ecor ds
h a v ebeen
b e e ndigitized
d i g i ti ze d and
integr ated over
have
over half-hour
a n d integrated
half- hour intervals
inter vals and
and
d a il y averages
pr intout for
daily
a ve ra g e scomputed.
co mp u te d. Figur
Figuree 13
13 shows
shows the
the printout
for
O c to b e r2,
October
2 , 1967.
1967.
4
Direction
Azimuth
TrueAzimuth
DirectionTrue
N
-\--=t--\.\
9
.0
8.1
occurrences
8.1 occurrences
F IGU R11.
FIGURE
1E1 .
Dir ection
Polar
Wind Source
Histogr amof ldind
Sour ceDirection
P o l ar Histogram
August
21,
1968
September
30,
30, 1968
August 21, 1968 September
196B
--r-t
:H5.oH
c'.j
a
a
0
a
------i--H -
jjtJ ;'
- --;-.-
\
00[z
(1
i-i
-
a
'c'
3L
(J
Lo!
q-F
Eroro
'Ct
'
L(\l
008[ =
1 2 Eg+c 't
r.
.rO
=
.Fo
oJ-
r'€l
clL
(t'
EO
ETG
J6('
xo
Example of Wind Record from Climet Recorder
Record 'from (ktober 2, 1967.
00gL
.+,
F
c.i
t.tl
E
s(5
E,
FI
FIGURE 12.
o
(r!
tlr oo
Hours
rrI1:TITTi\ LE\44
I-
I! Lj
Wind SpeedKnots
(I)
c-I.
0
CD
CD
Cd,
1.
hlind Source
Direction True
o
(,
o
d'
(u
o€
G
s
- WIND
COMPUTER
PRINTOUT
COMPUTER
PRINTOUT
DATA
10/02/67
hJIND
DATA
rc/A2/67
(Retyped
from actual
printout)
(Retyped from
actual computer
computerprintout)
H0 u R
HOUR
SPEED
SPEED
(K
N OT) S
(KIOTs)
DIRECTION
DIRECTION
( .TRUE
(°TRUE)
HOUR
HOUR
)
l151
sl
SPEED
SPEED
( KN0TS
(KNOTS)
)
DIRECTION
DIRECTION
( "TRUE
(°TRUE)
)
1.0
1.0
122
1
12
12
l100
1.5
9
9
2.0
2
.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3
.0
9
9
11
il
122
1
122
12?
14.0
14.0
24
24
24
24
110
il0
145
14.5
1
4.5
15.0
15.0
20
20
3.5
3.5
13
l3
146
146
15.5
I 5.5
20
20
143
1
43
129
129
4.0
4.0
t133
16.0
t6.0
4.5
4.5
13
141
l4t
.|30
130
16.5
16.5
5.0
5.0
133
1
118
lt8
17.0
17.0
5.5
5
.5
12
12
105
1
05
17.5
I 7.5
6.0
6.0
13
l3
18.0
18.0
6.5
6.5
15
t5
l101
0t
98
98
7.0
7
.0
7.5
7
.5
18
t8
92
92
18.5
1
8.5
19.0
1
9.0
18
t8
95
95
19.5
19.5
8.0
8.0
17
17
93
93
20.0
20.0
8.5
8.5
16
l6
20.5
2 0 .5
9.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
l14
4
16
16
96
96
100
100
99
99
21.5
21.5
t10.0
0.0
10.5
10.5
il.0
11.0
11.5
ll.5
t199
21
?1
25
25
288
2
92
92
97
97
93
93
93
93
22.0
2
2.0
211
2
288
2
35
35
46
46
65
65
72
72
60
60
47
47
37
37
31
3l
29
29
29
29
29
29
26
26
36
36
34
34
0
0
..55
.|.5
t3
.|37
30
30
137
12.0
12.0
12.5
12.5
122
122
123
123
I13.0
3.0
13.5
1
3.5
29
29
102
102
26
26
95
95
96
96
.l36
136
.|45
21.0
21.0
22.5
22.5
23.0
23.0
23.5
23.5
AVERAGE
AVERAGE
FIGURE
F I G U R13.
1E3 .
28
28
25
25
93
93
.|00
100
124
124
131
t3l
140
140
156
156
.|81
181
204
204
222
222
237
237
254
254
262
262
259
259
248
248
241
241
240
240
243
243
245
245
145
145
P r i n t o u t of
H a l f - h o u r l yWind
o f Half-hourly
Printout
w i n d Speed
s p e e dand
a n dDirection
D i r e c t i o nValues
values
fro
mC
l i me t Record
R ecor dfor
from
Climet
for October
0ctober2,
2, 1967.
1967.
DATAQUALITY
ANDTHE
THENOVEMBER
DATA
AND
1969
NOVEMBER
I969
QUALITY
STATE
OFTHE
THEDATA
DATARECORDS
STATE
OF
RECORDS
T o recapitulate,
r e c a p i t u l a t e , the
t h e salinity,
s a l i n i t y , streamflow,
s t r e a m f l o wand
, n dsome
To
a
s o m ewind
wind
d a t a were
w e rerecorded
re co rd e din
papercharts.
i n analog
a n alogform
for mon
data
onpaper
char ts.
Thesecharts,
These
char ts,
u p to
t o about
a b o u tA
u g u s t1,
l , . |1968,
9 6 8 , were
up
August
d i g i t i z e d at
w e r edigitized
a t half-hour
h a l f - h o u rintervals
intervals
a n d stored
sto re d on
o n tape
ta p e at
a t the
th e Oregon
and
0r egonState
state University
univer sity Computer
computerCenter.
center .
R . JJay
a y Murray
Mu ma yof
o f the
th e Computer
C o m puter
R.
Center
Centerhandled
handledthe
the digitizing
digitizing and
and
s t o ri n g o
p e ra ti o n sand
a n d did
d id many
manyother
other magical
storing
operations
computer
magicaland
and wondrous
wondr ous
compute r
tthings
h i ng s in
i n the
pr ocessing. Without
th e way
w a yof
o f data
d a ta processing.
t^lithouthis
his services
ser vices and
and
t h o se o
th e Computer
C o mp u teCenter,
r enter , we
C
we would
wouldnot
those
off the
not have
havebeen
beenable
able to
to
u n d e rta kethis
p ro j e ct.
th i s project.
undertake
C
o n d i ti o nof
Data -- November
the Data
Condition
1969
of the
November
]969
F i g u re 7
u tl i n e s the
the approximate
appr oximate
Figure
7 o
outlines
extent
extent of the
the data
data in
in "best"
"best"
( t r i p ' l e line);
ccondition
o n d i t i o n (triple
l i n e ) ; data
gy o o d ' condition
,c o n d i t i o n
d a t a in
i n "moderately
" m o d e r a t e lgood"
((double
d o u b l elline);
( s i n g l eline).
ine); a
d a t a in
and
n d data
i n aa "primitive"
" p r i m i t i v e " condition
c o n d i t i o n(single
f ,ine).
T h e s eclassifications
c l a s s i f i c a t i o n s are
i n d i c a t e the
These
a r e meant
m e a n to
t o indicate
t h e relative
r e l a t i v e amount
amount
o
a ta re
d u cti o n that
th a t w
be necessary
off d
data
reduction
would
ouldbe
necessar yto bring
br ing the
r ecor dsto
the records
ea si l y usable
an
a n easily
u sa b l estate.
sta te .
For example,
For
example, there
m anyinstrument
ther e were
wer emany
instr um ent
ffailures
a i l u re s a
gaps. The
and
gaps.
n d subsequent
su b se q u e ndata
t
data
The "best"
weree interdata wer
inter "best" data
p o l ate d by
gapsappeared.
polated
b y eye
e ye where
w h e reshort
sh o r t gaps
appear ed. Where
W her einterpolation
inter polation
p ra cti ca l due
w
a s not
n o t practical
d u e to
gapor
was
to the
the length
length of the
the gap
or the
the complexity
complexity
( SeeTable
o f the
th e record,
re co rd , dummy
d u mmy
d a ta flags
f' lags (See
of
data
Table 1)
l) were
wer einserted
inser ted to
to
iindicate
n d i ca te aa record
g a p . In
pr ocessing,these
re co rd gap.
In autom
automatic
aticprocessing,
these stretches
str etches
o f dummy
du mmy
d a ta should
of
data
sh o u l dcause
ca u seonly
only minor
m inorcomplications.
com plications. The
The
23
23
"moderatelygood"
data have
havenot
not been
beeninterpolated
patched
"moderately
good" data
interpolated or
or patched
with
dunrny
data and
and have
havenot
not been
beenchecked
with dummy
data
checkedthoroughly.
thorouohly. These
Thesedata
data
s u ffe r only
o n l y from
fro m aa lack
l a ck of
suffer
of attention.
attention.
,' pr imitive,,data
The
The "primitive" data
ssuffer,
u f f e r , in
i n addition,
a d d i t i o n , from
f r o m calibration
c a l i b r a t i o n difficulties.
difficulties.
F
i g u re 14
1 4 shows
sh o w sdaily
d a i ly averages
aver agesat
at some
Figure
someselected
selectedstations
stations
o v e r the
t h e time
t i m e span
over
s p a nindicated.
i n d i c a t e d . Straight
s t r a i g h t daily
d a i l y averages
a v e r a g e sfilter
f i l t e r out
out
m
u c hof
o f the
t h e tides
t i d e s and
a n dhigher
h i g h e rfrequency
much
f r e q u e n c oscillations.
yo s c i l l a t i o n s . Several
S e v e r a lof
of
p l o ts show
tthe
h e plots
sh o wve
rti ca 'l bars
bar s which
indicate the
vertical
which indicate
the salinity
salinity extr
em es
extremes
a
th a t station
sta ti o n over
o ve r the
th e day
att that
day indicated.
indicated. The
extr em esover
over aa day
day
The extremes
a
re, o
o u r s e ,a
unctiono
i d a l rrange,
are,
off c
course,
a ffunction
off ttidal
wind,
a n g e , runoff
r u n o f f cconditions,
o n d i t i o n s ,w
ind,
sseiches,
e i ch e s, and
a n d local
l o ca l rainfall.
ra i n fall.
The difference
differ ence between
betweenextremes
extr em esor
The
or
tthe
h e llength
e n g th ooff th
e b
a r may,
efor e, change
the
bar
may, ther
therefore,
change consider
considerably
ablyover
over
a few
f ew days.
d a ys. T
a
h e high
h i g h and
a n d low
low extremes
extr em esin
gener aldo
in general
The
do not
not extend
extend
e
q ua l a
mo u n tsfrom
just
equal
amounts
fro m the
th e mean
meanvalue.
value. The
The length
length of
the bars
bar s just
of the
g i v e aa rough
ro u g hindication
i n d i ca ti o n of
give
howmuch
muchthe
of how
the curves
cur veswere
wer esmoothed
smoothed
by
by
t h e taking
t a k i n g of
o f daily
the
d a i l y averages.
averages
S
i n ce th
e tides
ti d e s and
a n d higher
higher frequencies
fr equencieshave
Since
the
havebeen
beenfiltered
filter ed
o
u t , the
th e cu
rve s in
i n Figure
F i g u re 14
14 might
out,
curves
might reasonably
r easonablybe
be said
said to retain
r etain
i n t e rme d i a tep
e ri o d (several
(se ver al days
to weeks)
plus long
intermediate
period
days to
weeks) variance
var ianceplus
long
yaquinaRiver
p
e r io d (months
(mo n th sto
ye a r) variance.
to year)
period
var iance. The
The Yaquina
River streamflow
str eamflow
sseems
e emsto
to be
b e aa fairly
fa i rl y smooth
smoothfunction
function of
of time.
time. The
Thesalinity
salinity records
r ecor ds
sshow,
h ow ,h
o w e ve r,aa co
n si d er ableam
ountof
however,
considerable
amount
of rroughness
oughnessin
in the intermediate
inter m edia te
r a n g e . This
range.
T h i s ma
b e due
d u e to
to some
r esidual tidal
someresidual
may ybe
tidal energy
ener gysneaking
sneaking
t h r o u g hthe
t h e daily
d a i l y average
a v e r a g efilter,
f i l t e r , to
to w
through
wind
i n d stirring
s t i r r i n g of
o f stratified
stratified
water, or
or to
to some
someother
water,
other mechanism.
mechanism.
-J
J
>> J -J
h I-
<<s
6 r Uo
\zc
= <<UJ
u
. H =
H d =
5
3
2
0
o=.
U
O0E
w
q
(,)J __J
\L<
.==
IF<<
H
r@p
.do
DF<
L (ñ )-
30
fuil\,.r\
'.TrF*flVi
OSUDOCK
TOPII
25
20
I-
0
o=
= H
'<o J< -J
-@
0
9-
F<
g
(fl
6= E
Its
4>
<J
t\
t5
c
o
10
S
0
:l'4. Drily
Parameters.
Sel'eetadParameters.
Daily Averages
Averages for
fon Selected
FIGURE
FISIRE14.
25
25
October
1967was
the end
October of
of 1967
was the
end of
of an
an extremery
extremely dry summer.
The
summer. The
s a l i n i t y reached
r e a c h e d14
1 4 PPT
P P Tat
( n i v e r Mile
a t Charlie's
c h a r l i e ' s Dock
salinity
D o c k(River
M i ' l e16.0).
]6.0).
Soon
Soon
a
f t e r the
t h e beginning
b e g i n n i n gof
o f the
t h e fall
f a l l rains,
after
r a i n s , the
t h e salinity
s a l i n i t y at
a t Charlie's
charlie,s
D o ckand
a n dElk
E l k City
ci ty dropped
d ro p p ed
Dock
to
to zero.
zer o.
Dur ingthe
the winter,
winter , the
the salinity
During
salinity
f l u ctu a te d greatly
g re a t'l ywith
w i th each
eachmajor
fluctuated
majorstorm.
stor m . After
After the
the beginning
beginningof
of
the d
ry season
se a so nin
i n early
e a r'l yApril
Apr il of
the
dry
1968,the
of 1968,
the salinity
salinity began
beganto
to
i n cre a seslowly
sl o w l y at
a t all
a l l locations.
increase
l ocations. The
gener altrend
Thegeneral
tr end of
of the
the
s a l i n i t y during
p e r i o dis
d u r i n gthis
t h i s period
salinity
i s aa striking
s t r i k i n g feature
f e a t u r e in
i n spite
s p i t e of
o f the
the
.|968
f a ct that
th a t the
th e summer
su mmeo
rf 1968 was
fact
of
was anomalously
anom alously
wet. When
whenthe
wet.
data
the data
a r e completely
co mp l e te l yreduced,
re d u ce d ,it
it will
be interesting
inter esting to compare
are
will be
compar this
e
this
w i t h the
th e dry
d ry summer
su mmeof
with
orf 1967.
1 967.
N o t ethat
t h a t during
d u r i n gthe
t h e summer
s u m m eof
orf 1968,
1 9 6 8 ,salinity
Note
s a r i n i t y variations
v a r i a t i o n s at
at
i n t e rme d i a tefrequencies
fre q u e n ci e sseem
seemto
to be
intermediate
be relatively
r elatively coherent
coher entbetween
between
t h e stations,
s t a t i o n s , i.e.,
p e a k sand
i . e . , peaks
a n d troughs
the
t r o u g h sin
i n the
t h e salinity
s a l i n i t y records
r e c o r d sseem
seem
t o show
sh o wup
u p at
to
a t the
th e same
sa metimes.
ti m es. This
This suggests
suggeststhat
that these
these variations
var iations
may
be caused
causedby
may be
by the
the tides.
tides.
T
h e tra
ce s in
i n Figure
F i g u re 14
The
traces
14 begin
beginand
andend
endat
at various
var ioustimes
tim es and
and
ssome
o m eshow
sh o wgaps.
g a p s. S
o meo
gapsare
ar e interpolated
Some
off the
the gaps
inter polatedwith
with aa straight
str aight
d o t t e dline.
dotted
line.
T
h i s dotted
d o t t e d line
l i n e is
i s included
i n c l u d e das
This
a s an
a n aid
a i d to
t o keeping
keepino
t r a ck of
o f the
track
th e traces.
tra ce s.
T
h e extent
the excur
sionsmakes
The
extent of
of the
excursions
makes it
it a bit
bit
d
i f f i c u l t to
t o follow
f o l l o w the
difficult
t h e salinity
s a l i n i t y traces.
traces.
q q l a gBlock
ock A
D e s c r i p t i o nof
o f Data
Description
Available
vailable
For Use Through OS-3 System
A
b l o c k of
d a t a from
o f data
f r o m 000
0 0 0 on
A block
April
on A
p r i l 13,
1 3 , 11968,
9 6 8 , until
u n t i r 2330
2 3 3 0hours
hours
o n JJuly
u ' l y 5,
5 , 1968,
1 9 6 8 ,has
h a s been
b e e ncleaned
p u t out
c l e a n e dup
u p and
on
a n d put
o u t on
o n disk
d i s k file
f i l e at
a t the
the
?6
26
O
SUComputer
co rn p u teCenter.
r n te r. The
OSU
ce
T he block
block consists
consists of
of half
half hourly
hour ly values
values
o
b se rve dti
d e , streamfiows,
stre a m flows,and
off o
observed
tide,
and surface
sur face salinities.
salinities.
The
data
The data
a re a rra n g e a
d
cco rd i n gto
to the
( 14,9F6.1) :
the following
follonr ingformat
arearranged
according
for m at(r4,9F6.l):
.|2.
1 4 -- Arbitrary
A rb i tra ry index
i n dexnumber,
numberrecycling
,r ecyclingat
14
at 12.
Star ts at
at
Starts
1o
0 0 0 0hours
h o ur son
Apr il 13,
1
onn 0000
on April
13, 1968.
1968. Is
12 on
Is 12
on 0530
0530
hours and
and 1I again
again at
hours
at 0600
0600hours
hours on
on the
the same
samedate.
date.
H
e l p s in
i n scanning
pr intouts by
scanningprintouts
Helps
by isolating
isolating 66 hour
hour
b
l o cks.
blocks.
F
6 .l -- Ob
se rve dtide
ttd e at Osu
F6.1
Observed
OSU dock
dock in
tn feet
abovea
r efer encepoint
point
feet above
a reference
2 9 feet
fe e t below
b e l o wMLLW.
29
M LLW .Tides
Tides are
ar e actually
actually measured
m easur ed
to
to
h
u n d re d th sof
o f aa foot,
foot, but
but this
this number
hundredths
num berhas
has been
beenrounded.
r ounded .
F
6 .l -- S
a l i n fty in
i n PPT
PPTmeasur
F6.l
Salinity
measureded
about
about 6 inches
inchesbeneath
beneaththe
the surface
sur fac e
( Station "OSU
a t the
th e OSU
OS Udock
d ock(Station
at
Surface
Sur faceII").
"OSU
II,,) .
F6.1
F 6 . 1 -- S
Salinity
a l i n i t y at
a t "Sawyer's
" S a w y e r , Dock"
sD o c k ,surface.
s, u r f a c e .
F5.1
F
6 . 1 -- S
Salinity
a l i n i t y at
a t ""Criteser's
C r i t e s e r , s Dock"
D o c k ,surface.
s, u r f a c e .
F
6 . I -- S
a l i n i t y at
F6.l
Salinity
a t "Burpee"
" B u r p e esurface.
,s,u r f a c e .
F 6 .1 -- Streamflow
S tre a mfl o w
o f Yaquina
F6.1
of
YaquinaRiver
Riverin
in cubic
cubicfeet/second.
feet/second.
F 6 .l -- Streamflow
S tre a mfl o wof
F6.l
o f Elk
Elk Creek.
Cr eek
F 6 . l -- Streamflow
Streamflow
F6.l
of
o f Mill
M i l l Creek.
Creek.
yaquinaRiver.
F
tt.l-- Sum
F.l
Sum
of
o f Elk
E ]kCreek
creekand
andYaquina
River . These
Thesetwo
two water
water
sourcesenter
enter the
the estuary
estuary system
systemand
point
sources
and mix
mix at
at aa point
a b o veany
a n y of
above
the salinity
o f the
salinity sensors.
sensor s. For
For simplicity,
sim plicity, they
they
he considered
mayhe
consideredas
may
as one
oneinput.
input.
w a sincluded
i n the
i n c l u d e din
d a t afile.
was
t h e data
file.
For convenience,
convenience,the
For
the sum
sum
27
27
T h efile
The
94 days
fi l e contai:ns
daysof
data.
co n ta i n s 94
of data.
points
At
half- hour ly points
At 48
48 half-hourly
p e r day,
p o i n t s for
d a y , that
per
t h a t is
t o t a l of
4 , 5 1 2points
e a c hindividual
i n d i v i d u a l series,
series,
i s aa total
f o r each
o f 4,512
o r about
a b o u t41
or
total
4 . l,000
, 0 0 0total.
p e r i o d s ,missing
d a t a were
by
Over
O
v e rcertain
s u p p l i e dby
s h o r t time
w e r esupplied
c e r t a i n short
t i m e periods,
m i s s i n gdata
eyeball
e y eb a i 'linterpolation.
i n te rp o l a tto n .
highly variable
var iabl e
Over
lar ger stretches
somelarger
str etches of
of highly
0ver some
p r a c t i c a l , dummy
d a t a rwhere
d u m mflats,
e.g.
data
u h e r eeyeball
i n t e r p o l a t i o nwas
w a snot
fyl a t s , e.g.
e y e b a l l interpolation
n o t practical,
befor e.
mentioned
40
before.
fo r salinity,
w e r einserted
inser ted as
as has
beenmentioned
4 0 PPT
P P Tfor
sa l i n i ty, were
has been
TABLE
II
TABLE
INSERTED
DUMMY
VALUES
INSERTED
DUI'IMY
VALUES
Dummy
Dummy
Data
Data
Station
Station
From,
To,
Times
o, T
i m e sInclusive
Inclusive
F
r o m ,T
40.0
4
0 . OPPT
PPT
Sawyer
SalvyerSalinity
Salinity
including
0000
on Apr
April
0000hrs
hr s on
il 13
1 3 to
t o && including
0930
0930on
Apr il 19
19
on April
40.0
4 O . OPPI
PPT
Criteser
C r i t e s e rSal.
Sal.
0630 on
June11
Il
0630
on June
1000
J u n e12
12
] 0 0 0 June
40.0
4 0 . OPPT
PPT
Sawyer
S a w yeSal.
rS a l .
0930
J u n e14
l4
0 9 3 0June
40.0
4 0 . OPPT
PPT
Criteser
C ri te se r Sal.
S a l.
I2
0000 on
on June
0000
June 12
'1800
1800 on
J u n e16
16
o n June
00.0
CFS
OO.O
CFS
Mill
l'li
I 1 Cr.
Cr. Streamfiow
Streamflow
0000 on
0000
July 1I
on July
2330
July 15
2330on
on July
15
.1700
1700 June
J u n e17
17
p l o t of
t i d e data
data
Figure
s t r e a m f l o wand
a
, n dtide
F i g u r e 15*
i s aa plot
t h e salinity,
s a l i n i t y , streamfiow,
1 5 * is
o f the
becaus e
wasselected
This section
selectedbecause
over
data. This
section was
sh o rt section
se cti o n of
o f the
the data.
o
v e r a short
long dry
dr y spell;
spel l ;
char acter istics of
of aa long
att the
days characteristics
l e ft it
i t shows
sh o w sseveral
se ver al days
th e left
a
fr eshwater
lar ge freshwater
in
r esponseto
to aa' large
th e center
ce n te r it
sh o w sthe
the system
systemresponse
i n the
i t shows
Due to
to
the system.
system. Due
ecover yof
of the
shows the
the rrecovery
ri .g htlIt
iinflux;
n f l u x; and
th e nIght
a n d on
o n the
it shows
*
*
Streamflow,
a n d Streamfiow,
Half-Hourly
Values
Tide,
i d e , Salinity,
S a l i n i t y , and
of T
a l u e sof
Figure
a l f - H o u r l yV
F
i g u r e15.
15. H
(
D
u
e
and.
expenseand
r epr oductionexpense
May
1 7 Until
J u n e19,
1 9 6 8 . (Due to reproduction
M a y17
U n t i l June
1 9 , 1968.
o n l y .)
difficulties
u p o nrequest
r e q u e s tonly.)
b e available
d i f f i c u l t i e s this
a v a i l a b l eupon
t h i s figure
f i g u r e will
w i l l be
28
d
r a f t ' i n ga
n d reproduction
r e p r o d u c t i o nd
p l o t is
i f f i c u l t i e s , the
drafting
and
difficulties,
t h e plot
n o t extremely
i s not
extremely
e x a ct and
exact
a n d should
sh o u l donly
o n 'l ybe
b e used
usedfor
quantitativeestimates.
for rough
r oughquantitative
estimates.
p re ci se enough,
I t is
i s precise
pr ogr essof
It
e n o u g h however,
,h oweverto
,to see
the progress
tidal
seethe
of the
the tidal
w
a v eup
u p the
t h e estuary;
wave
are
e s t u a r y ; i.e.,
i . e . , the
t h e salinity
maximum
a sr e shifted
to
s a l i n i t y maximums
s h i ' f t e dto
llater
a t e r ti
pr ogr essivelyfurther
me s aass th
ey a
r ecor dedat
fur ther
times
they
are
at stations
re recorded
stations progressively
up
u p the
th e estuary.
plot where
e stu a ry. There
T h e reare
data
ar e some
br eaksin
wher edata
somebreaks
the plot
in the
were
Sawyer's
dock
n o t available.
a v a i l a b l e . The
T h eOStJ
ock
w e r enot
O S Uddock
o c kssalinity
n d tthe
he S
a w y e r ' sd
a l i n i t y aand
s a l i n i t y occasionally
i s the
salinity
o c c a s i o n a l l ycross
r e v e r s e . The
T h elight
l i q h t trace
t r a c e is
the
c r o s sand
a n dreverse.
points wher
O
S Udock
d o ckvalue.
OSU
Att the
where ethe
va l u e . A
the OSU
tr ace crossed
cr ossedthe
the
th e points
OSUtrace
S a w ye trace,
rtra ce , the
June10-12,
l0- .|2,
Sawyer
trace
th e Sawyer
S a w yer
tr ace was
wasomitted.
Ar oundJune
om itted. Around
plus Elk
s o m ebumps
b u mp sare
a re to
b e seen
some
to be
on the
the Yaquina
Yaquinaplus
Cr eekstreamflow
se enon
Elk Creek
str eamflow
trace.
t r a ce .
T
h e sew
These
were
by the
the interference
inter fer ence of extremely
e re caused
ca u s edby
extr enr elyhigh
high
g a u g eon
tides
with
tides w
t h e stream
i t h the
t h e Yaquina
A m p l i t u d eof
s t r e a mgauge
o n the
Y a q u i nRiver.
aR i v e r . Amplitude
of
gauging
t h e s e tides
tides w
a t most
m o s tsix
these
was
stations.
a sat
s i x inches
i n c h e sat
a t the
t h e gauging
stations.
D r. H.
Dr.
of
has
H . Frolander
F ro l a n d e rof
o f the
Depar tm ent
of Oceanography
0ceanogr aphy
has
the OSU
OSUDepartment
pr ogr ar n
m ai n ta i n e daa midstream
mi d stre a mtop
bottomsalinity
maintained
top and
and bottom
salinity sampling
samplingprogram
year s.
in
i n Yaquina
Y a q u i n aBay
B a yfor
fo r several
se ver al years.
water
and
lJater samples
ar e obtained
samplesare
obtainedand
pr eSome prer a n a l ysisby
taken
shore
foranalysis
t a ke n to sh
o re fo
byaa laboratory
labor ator ysalinometer.
salinometer . Some
'liminary
p r o g r a mare
i n Table
T a b l eII.
II.
liminary u
unpublished
off this
n p u b l i s h e results
d
results o
a r e listed
l i s t e d in
t h i s program
Times
b e g i n n i n of
go f the
cast.
l i s t e d indicate
i n d i c a t ethe
t h e beginning
t h ecast.
T i m e slisted
A
A cast
takes
c a s t takes
D . J.
Bergeron.
These
about
u s by
b y Mr.
M r . D.
J . Bergeron.
a b o u t12
1 2 minutes.
minutes. T
h e s edata
d a t a were
w e r esupplied
s u p p l i e dus
g i v e s some
d e g r e eof
stratification
Table
o f the
o f stratification
I I gives
i n d i c a t i o nof
t h e degree
T a b l eII
s o m eindication
r elative' ly unstratified
unstr atified
va ri o u s times.
ti me s. Note
the estuary
estuar y is
is relatively
at
a t various
N o te that the
tate May,
May, the
par t of
the storms
stor m s
at
l e a st during
d u ri n g the
l.lay. In late
a t least
th e major
of May.
ma i orpart
Ch
Ol
<J-
C!
C\l
\o
17.20
16.96
1050
14.95
13.80
1151
lf,
(o
o
Ot
F\
N,
c\j
c\t
F
F
tO
r.o
24.37
lr}
c!
U)
C\l
Ot
C\l
cf)
24.03
(O
c\t
(o
tC
23.09
<{'
cD
F
21.99
Cr,
c)
18.16
15.00
--
19.64
19.93
25.93
oO
ot
1311
F
sl-
24.65
1340
lr,
<l'@@c\lNroccn(f)
\]@cv(n@(oora
F
--
14.53
13.89
---
--
15.68
1005
6.61
4.60
1010
6.75
cf,
19.60
o
vrF_
cc)\o
O@Ol
lFlF
or
Ot
co
16.85
@
Ol
c!
rC
ftt
@<ra\
F
1250
8
29
o-
lf)
<f
16.37
F
&
c\.t
toroo
O
ro
or
cr)
!o
Ol
24.22
J
(tt
(o
26.60
o-+J
+)
>,o
P6
23.88
FE
o-o
Salinity PPT
Ion
Bottom
FROLANDER, BERGERON, McCORMICK, CRANDAL SALINITY DATA (PARTIAL)
FE
15.91
Lll
lJ)
11.18
C)^
EF
.e
r
|r)o@
l\ro(o
(0
r+
1000
39
V'l-
(PSI)
c
10
o
o.)
F
C:..
t6Q
21.69
>.o
+)co
c
cr)
Sf
(.o
o!(oN
11.24
P
17.43
COIrTCFA
(3
C'r
OCOICT)!(Y)-O
OP
19.75
Salinity PPT
Ion
Bottom
lJ)
f\
Time
FE
o-o
<!C\J
F
CO
(')
1130
Lr)
1237
O
1231
1045
1043
tr)Tf)CAlJ)AC)l\O
r+
r+
<l<f
oooocf,c\r(\Jc!
1045
EF
.- tA
l-- o-
1045
4
(PSI)
Time
(lJ^
F
1300
o
(Y)
J
32.30
30.87
?
OO
c\J
oo
co
L.,
:\
Ol
c\l
r$
31.75
c!
cr)
OC!
29.18
c\,
30.98
29.61
Or
O
cr)
29.08
cD
24.10
32.86
26.68
K)Oe@OOl
c\t
()t
20.79
u) |-
sf
c\t
?
Lr)
cr)
l.OO
@f\(OLr)NO
('r
c\t
28.59
5.5
C\J
C\l
cf)
T\O
cr)
co
1045
Fe.
rr)
21
m
Fo(50
Nt
31.63
\l
c\J
20.78
c)
@tOrO@
?
9 q(O9 : ?
(f)
15.87
d
cf)
5
o
L(lJ
O-.r
<c
(u
{-t
ro
o
O
C\J
=
(o
=
F
ro(d55=5
=EF)F)-.-r
Or
Or
(\,
C\l
C\l
F
1215
cf)
('
ll)
O)
C\l
Or
OO
C!
1300
1541
Or
(ucJ(lJ
Ca
33.38
c\l
cy)
33.35
rr)
cf)
@ooco@
@@(o'.o(0ro
(.o
(O
OrO)F
33.09
cD
oo
32.83
(f)
?
cf)
?
1340
31.90
29.85
+
cD
(f)
927
1148
19.76
FE
O(f)
(\l
cr)
11 July 1968
o->
o
Ol
O
or@
28 June 1968
o
s-
(o
@
LO
Ctt
@
o
21 June 1968
x
os-
25.95
948
C\.1
11 May 1968
z.
May 1968
tUr
f.r
'r=
1
J
O)
FOO
+)(u
30.08
CINC\INCDT\O
(\J
1443
CO
(o
Date
-o
Approximate
River Mile
(u
(u
Cf'
c)ctorJ)st+c!+o
@
!
30.96
1132
33.31
1146
29.23
1223
25.73
OOf\Cf)OO)Ol
(f)
C\J
cD
12 June 1968
FO-
(\.1
NOF€tOtf)
LOCOOI'\O
1047
(J1
(ft.
29 May 1968
Time
q)^
El-
.r
(PST)
,rJ o
(\J
852
tt1 F-
cf)
23 May 1968
cf)
lL
o
ql
33.31
FO-
rf)
Or
1207
Lr)
3.5
O
Lr)
(o
gr
Cf)
[r)otcf)otr)
(n
c!
c{
27.10
=
cf,
C\l
1232
a
cD
F\
18.57
FE
o-o
o_+)
+)
>o
+r co
c
d.
ul
&
Salinity PPT
Bottom
Top
FL
d.
LJJ
6
J
(PSI)
Time
z.
O
E
lrl
(5
cr)r.oc\t@ootr)olr}
c\tsrca$<f,r+<f,o
c\t
F
ctt
1301
(U^
EF
.eA
20 April 1968
o
1400
(J
=
15
t-u
J(J
o_P
+)
>o
.tr
co
c
Buoy Number
TABLE II
o
z.
Salinity PPT
Bottom
Top
FE
o_o
J
23.01
tJ1
Ol
F
30
30
c a use daa considerable
co n si d e ra b l eamount
a mount
caused
of
of stratification.
str atifi.cation.
This stratif
str atifi-IThis
c a tto n was
w a sdissipated
d i ssi p a te dbyh y'late
cation
late June.
June.
To the
degreethat
the degree
that the
the data
data in
in Table
Table II
To
with
be compared
II can
can be
compared
with
the time
time series
data recorded
series data
good. AA
recordedon
the shore,
the
is
on the
shore, agreement
agreement
is good.
characteristic
figure for
for this
this agreement
agreementis
t2 PPT.
characteristic figure
is about
about ±2
the
In the
PPT. In
r a n g e20-35
2 0 -3 5PPT
sa l i n i ty, it
P P Tsalinity,
pentraces
is difficult
difficult to
it is
range
to read
r ead the
tr aces
the pen
tl PPT.
o
th e analog
a n a l o gchart
ch a rt records
re cor dsto
to much
muchbetter
better than
onn the
than ±1
The
PPT. The
r e ma i n i n gd
i ffe re n ce s mi
ght be
be explained
explainedby
by cross-stream
remaining
differences
might
cr oss- str eamand
and longlongg ra d i ti n tsin
sstream
t r e a mgradients
i n tne
th e salinity.
s alinity.
'list
T
a b l e 111*
p a r t i a l list of
I I I * is
i s aa partial
Table
o f unpublished
u n p u b l i s h esalinity
data
sd a l i n i t y data
c o l l e c t e dby
b y W.
t ^ l .D.
D . Clothier,
collected
C l o t h i e r , G.
R . Ditsworth,
G . R.
D i t s w o r t h ,and
h|.A
D e B e of
nf
a n d W.
A.. DeBen
o
the P
l i t,'Jl
i n connection
co n n e cti o nw
ith aa 1967-1968
pr ogr am .
1967- lg68nekton
the
PNWL
in
with
nektonsampling
samplingprogram.
T h eformat
f o r m a tof
t h e table
o f the
t a b l e is
The
i s similar
s i m i l a r to
t o that
t h a t of
r a b l e II.
o f Table
II.
Salinisalini-
t i e s, h
o w e ve r,w
e re sampled
sa mpledat
at intervals
fnter vals of
ties,
however,
were
meterfrom
of 1I meter
fr om 1l meter
meter
beneath
the surface
beneath the
surface to
to the
the bottom.
bottom. The
generally
The samples
were taken
sampleswere
taken generally
p e ri o d of
d u r i n g the
th e period
o f the
th e flood
during
flood following
following the
the lowest
lowestlow
low water
water assoassoc i a te d w
i th the
ciated
with
th e spring
sp ri n g tide.
ti de.
The
The stations
weree located
stations wer
located to
to the
the side
side
o
the m
a i nchannel
c h a n n e at
la t the
off the
main
t h e river
r i v e r miles
m i l e s indicated.
i n d i c a t e d . The
T h eClothier
Clothier
studya
l s o included
i n c l u d e dtemperature,
t e m p e r a t u r e0.0.,
D
, . 0 . , and
study
also
a n dSecchi
d i s k measuremeasureS e c c h idisk
ments.
m
e n ts. T
h e nekton
n e kto nsamples
sa mp leswere
wer eclassified,
classified, counted,
The
and
counted,measured,
measur ed,
and
punchcards
w e ig h e d ithe
d a ta are
th e data
weighed;
a re on
o n punch
car dsat
the Pacific
at the
Pacific Northwest
Nor thwest
Water
Laboratory. The
Water Laboratory.
The salinity
salinity and
and temperatures
temperatureswere
were taken
taken with
a
ckmaInstruments
n stru me n tsRS-5
por table inductive
In
R S- 5portable
a Be
Beckman
inductive salinometer.
salinometer .
** Table
( P a r t t a l) .
T a b l eIII.
lII.
C
l o t h i e r , Ditsworth,
D i t s w o r t h ,DeBen:
D e B e n :S
Clothier,
Salinity
a li n i t y Data
D a t a(Partial).
( D u eto
p ro d u cti o nexpense
(Due
to re
reproduction
expensethis
this table
will
table w
b e available
upon
i l l be
a v a i l a b l eupon
request
r e q u e s tonly.)
o n l y .)
3t
31
A b s o l u t eaccuracy
p p r salinity
a c c u r a c ygreater
g r e a t e rthan
t z PPT
Absolute
t h a n±2
s a l i n i t y should
s h o u l dnot
n o t be
be
o f much
mu chimportance
i mp o rta n ce
to most
mostresearchers.
of
to
r esear cher s. The
The time
tim e stability
stability of
of the
the
c a l i b r a t i o n should
s h o u l dbe
b e significantly
calibration
s i g n i f i c a n i l y more
m o r eimportant.
i m p o r t a n t . Weekly
w e e k l ycalicalib r a t i o n s show
s h o waa w
p p r salinity
e e k - t o - w e evariation
brations
week-to-week
vka r i a t i o n of
o f about
a b o u t1I PPT
sa]inity
ppr salinity
g ra d u a ldrift
a n d aa gradual
and
d ri ft of
o f 1I or
or 22 PPT
salinity over
over the
the three-month
thr ee- month
p e r i o d . These
period.
T h e s eweekly
w e e k l ycalibrations
c a l i b r a t i o n s were
w e r eused
p r o d u c t i o nof
u s e din
i n the
t h e production
of
t h e final
f i n a l data
d a t a file.
the
file.
T h eapparent
a p p a r e nchange
tc h a n g ein
The
i n the
t h e calibrations
c a l i b r a t i o n s may
may
rtl y d
b
u e to
to air-temperature
bee pa
partly
due
a i r-te mper atur evariation
var iation on
on the
the different
differ ent calibracalibr attion
i o n days.
days.
T
h e time
t i m e constant
c o n s t a n tof
o f the
The
t h e salinity
s a l i n i t y recorder
r e c o r d e rwas
w a sless
l e s s than
t h a naa
m
inute. T
minute.
h e analog
a n a ' l o gtrace,
t r a c e , in
i n visual
The
v i s u a l examination,
e x a m i n a t i o ndid
d, i d not
n o t show
show
y a r i a t i o n s with
e v i d e n c eof
o f any
a n ysignificant
s i g n i f i c a n tv-ariations
evidence
p e r i o d sof
w i t h periods
o f less
l e s s than
than
o n ehalf
h a l f hour.
one
h o u r . The
T h esalinity
s a l i n i t y records
r e c o r d sare,
a r e , therefore,
t h e r e f o r e ,uncontaminated
uncontaminated
b y aliasing.
by
a l i a si n g .
T h e tides
ti d e s and
and streamflows
str eamflowswere
The
wer eeven
evenmore
mor eslowly
slowly varyvar y-
i ng.
i ng.
In F
i g u r e 14,
1 4 , notice
n o t i c e how
h o win
' i nApril
In
Figure
A p r i l of
o f 1968
1 9 6 8the
t h e rains
r a i n s stop,
s t o p , the
the
sstreamflows
t r e a m f l o w ttaper
sa p e r off,
o f f , and,
a n d , most
m o s tdramatically,
d r a m a t i c a l ] y ,the
t h e salinity
s a l i n i t y begins
begins
t o increase
i n cre a sealong
a l o n g aa fairly
to
fa i rl y steady
steadytrend.
tr end.
As
mentionedbefore,
As mentioned
befor e, the
the
s u m meo
rf 1968
l 9 6 8 was
w a san
summer
of
a n anomalously
a n om alous'wet
ly summer.
wet
summ er .Most
Mostsummers
sur nmerin
in
s this
this
region a
re characterized
ch a ra cte ri ze dby
region
are
by an
an almost
almosttotal
total absence
absenceof
of rain.
r ain.
In
In
vview
i e w ooff th
is a
this
and
other
meteorological
nd o
th e r meteor
ologicalfactors
factor s obser
vedover
observed
over several
sever al
yyears,
e a r s, it
i t seems
se e msreasonable
re a so n a bleto
to assume
assume
year is
that
that the
the year
is divided
divided into
into
ttwo
w o sh
a rp l y-d e fi n e dseasons:
sharply-defined
se a sons: the
the wet
seasonlasting
wet season
lasting from
fr om about
about
0 c t o b e r through
th ro u g hApril
A p ri l or
o r May,
October
May,and
andthe
the dry
dr y season
seasonlasting
lasting the
the
r e m a i n d eof
r f the
ye a r
remainder
o
th e year.
32
32
S i n c ethe
t h e data
d a t a block
b l o c k on
Since
o n file
f i l e starts
s t a r t s in
i n mid-April
m i d - A p r i land
a n dcontinues
continues
t h r o u g hm
i d - J u l y ,it
it w
through
mid-July,
would
o u r dalmost
a r m o s tentirely
e n t i r e l y lie
l i e in
i n the
t h e dry
d r y season.
season.
T
h i s says
s a y sthat
t h a t the
This
t h e stochastic
s t o c h a s t i cprocesses
p r o c e s s ewhich
s h i c hgenerated
w
g e n e r a t ethis
dt h i s d
ata
data
b l o c khhave
a v eaa ffighting
i g h t i n g cchance
block
h a n c eof
b e i n g stationary.
o f being
s t a t i o n a r y . If
I f the
t h e time
time
p
e r io d o
th e record
re co rd had
period
off the
h a dspanned
spanned
one of
of the
the common
one
transition
comm on
tr ansition
t i m e s , then
t h e n the
e n e r a t i n gprocess
the g
p r o c e s scould
times,
generating
c o u l d not
n o t have
h a v ebeen
b e e nassumed
assumed
sstationary.
t a t i o n a r y . AA process
p r o c e s sis
i s " stationary"
p e r . i o dif
s t a t i o n a r y " over
o v e r aa time
t i m e period
i f the
the
m o m e n ts
o f the
th e distribution
d i stri b u ti o n of
moments
of
of the
the data
data formed
for medover
over the
the ensemble
ensemble
p o s s i b l eestuary
o f all
a l l possible
of
e s t u a r yperformances
p e r f o r m a n c eat
ast time
t i m e tt during
d u r i n g that
t h a t time
time
p e r i od are
period
a re
co n sta nconstants
ta s t var
fr om from
the beginning
asies
t varies
the beginning
the time
time
ofofthe
p
e r i o d to
t o the
period
t h e end.
end.
T h e data
d a ta are
a re largely
l a rg e l y non-random
The
due
non- r andom
due to
pr esenceof
to the
the presence
of the
the
tides.
tides.
p h a s eof
T h ephase
o f the
The
t h e tidal
t i d a r constituents
c o n s t i t u e n t sis
i s very
v e r y stable
s t a b l e over
over
periods. O
l o n g periods.
long
n eof
o f the
t h e most
m o s tdiscouraging
discouraging
One
aspects
a s p e c t sof
problem
o f the
t h e problem
iis
s tthat
h a t tthe
h e system
s y s t e mseems
s e e m sto
t o be
b e highly
highly n
on-linear. N
non-linear.
o t i c e how
h o wthe
Notice
the
e x c u r s i o nof
o f salinity
s a l i n i t y due
excursion
d u e to
t o the
t h e tides
t i d e s is
i s smashed
s m a s h edown
ddo w nas
a s the
the
s a l i n i t y nears
n e a r sthe
t h e fresh
salinity
f r e s h water
w a t e r and
a n docean
o c e a nwater
w a t e rlimits;
l i m i t s ; i.e.,
i . e . , the
the
e
s t u ary w
a te r cannot
g e t any
ca n n o tget
estuary
water
any fresher
fr esher than
than fresh
fr esh water,
water ' nor
nor any
any
ssaltier
a l t i e r than
t h a n ocean
o c e a nwater.
w a t e r . The
T h e salinity
s a l i n i t y values
v a l u e sat
point a
a t aa point
are
re
p
rimarily d
u e tto
o large-scale
l a r g e - s c a l econvection
primarily
due
c o n v e c t i o nand
a n d diffusion.
d i f f u s i o n . The
T h eeffects
effects
o f convection
c o n ve cti o nand
d i ffu si o n are
a n d diffusion
of
ar e modified
m odifiedby
by the
the change
changeof the
the
. i s shuffled
l e n g t h - t o - w i d t hratio
r a t i o of
p a r c e l as
length-to-width
o f aa water
w a t e rparcel
a s it
i t is
s h u f f l e dup
u p and
and
d
o w nan
a n estuary
e s t u a r yof
down
i m e g u l a r shape.
o f irregular
s h a p e . It
I t is
i s interesting
f n t e r e s t i n g to
t o note
note
tthat
h a t tthe
h e diffusion
d i f f u s i o n coefficients
c o e f f i c i e n t s are
p r o b a b l ytime
a r e probably
t i m e variable
v a r i a b l e with
with
33
33
ffluctuations
l u ctu a ti o n s at
a t twice
tw i ce the
the tidal
tidal frequencies,
fr equencies,because
becauseof
of the
the
iincrease
n c r e a s ein
f n turbulence
t u r b u l e n c eduring
d u r i n g the
t h e flood
f l o o d and
a n debb
e b b tide.
tide.
salfnity
Salinity
v a lu e s are
p ro b a b l yaffected
a re also
a l so probably
values
affected by
by the
the minor
m inorchanges
changes
in open
in
open
o
c e a nsalinity.
s a li n i t y .
ocean
APPENDI
APPENDIX
X
E
X A M PLE
OF
USEOF
EXAMPLE
OF USE
OF "BAY"FILE
FILE
"BAY'1
h'*DETREjDh'
is a
"*DETREI',1D"
is
a computer
computersubroutine
subroutine designed
designedto
to detrend
detrend aa
t i m e sseries
e r i e s either
e i t h e r by
( 1 ) removing
b y (1)
time
removing
t h e mean,
( 2 ) removing
the
m e a n ,or
o r (2)
r e m o v i n the
gt h e
l i n e a r trend.
t r e n d - This
linear
T h i s subroutine
s u b r o u t i n eis
part o
i s part
off the
t h e ARAND
A R A Nsystem
sDy s t e mof
o f time
time
sseries
e r i e s analysis
a n a l y s i s programs
p r o g r a mw
s r i t t e n by
b y Lyle
L y l e Ochs
O c h sand
written
a n dJeff
J e f f Ballance
B a l l a n c eof
of
tthe
h e Ore
g o nS
ta te University
Oregon
State
U n i ve rsity Computer
computer
center . Documentation
Center.
Docum entation
is
is
a v a i l a b l efrom
f r o mthe
t h e center.
available
center.
" * C D E T R Ei N
*DETREND
sis"tthe
h e ccalling
'I*CDETRENII
a l l i n g program
program
f o r *DETREND.
for
I t. is
quite
i s quite
It
a versatile
v e r s a t i l e routine
r o u t i n e and
a
a n dshould
s h o u l dsserve
e r v e most
p a r t i e s without
m o s tparties
w i t h o u tmodifimodifi( t ) fThe
ccation.
a t i o n . (1)
t r e input
i n p u t and
a n doutput
o u t p u t logical
l 0 g i c a l units
( L U N Sare
u n i t s (LUNS)
a) r e
s p e ci fi e d by
b y the
th e user.
u se r.
specified
(2)
(2) The
The user
user m
ayskip
skip aa number
number
may
of
of records,
r ecor ds,
ccall
all d
o w nthe
t h e subroutine
down
s u b r o u t i n eon
o n aa specified
s p e c i f i e d number
n u m b eof
or f records,
r e c o r d s ,and
a n dskip
skip
tthe
h e rremaining
e m a i n i n grecords
r e c o r d son
t h e input
o n the
i n p u t data
d a t afile.
file.
(3) T
h euser
(3)
The
u s e r may
may
s p e c i fy input
i n p u t and
specify
a n doutput
o u tp u t for
mats. The
formats.
Theoutput
output format
for m atmust
mustbe
be specispecif i e d for
fo r two
tw o numbers,
fied
n u mb e rs,the
th e integer
integer sequence
sequence
number and
,and the
number,
the floating
floating
p
o i n t detrended
d e tre n d e ddata
d a ta number.
point
n u mber .
T
h e "dummy
" d u m mdata"
dya t a " feature
The
f e a t u r e is
i s included
i n c l u d e das
a s an
a n aid
a i d in
passing
i n passing
o
v e r tthe
h e placeholder
p l a c e h o l d e dummy
rd u m mdata
over
dya t a inserted
i n s e r t e d in
i n various
p l a c e sin
v a r i o u splaces
i n BAY.
BAy.
The
user informs
informs the
The user
programof
the program
of the
the dummy
dummy
data
data value.
value. When
whendummy
dummy
d a t a is
is read
re a d the
p ro g r" a m
data
th e program
stops reading
r eadingdata
data and
stops
andacts
acts on
on the
the real
r eal
d
a t a already
a l re a d yread.
data
re a d .
Th esample
sa mp l erun
ru n included
The
i n cl u d edhere
her e demonstrates
denionstr ates
sever al of
several
of the
the
aspects
mentionedabove.
above. Characters
aspects mentioned
characterstyped
typed in
in by
by the
the operator
operator are
are
u
n d e r l i n e d . The
underlined.
T h e spacing
s p a c i n gbetween
b e t w e e lines
nl i n e s was
w a sartificially
a r t i f i c i a i l y expanded
expanded
tto
o allow
a l l o w for
f o r explanatory
e x p l a n a t o r ynotes.
notes.
35
35
T h edata
d a t a on
o n "BAY"
The
a r r a n g e in
di n columns.
" B A Y is
"i s arranged
c o l u m n s . The
T h efirst
f i r s t column
column
c o n ta i n ssequence
se q u e n ce
n u mb e rs
r epeatin
contains
numbers
which
whichrepeat
in cycles
cyc' lesof
lZ.
of 12.
The
The
s e c o n dcolumn,
c o l u m n ,the
t h e first
f i r s t data
d a t a column,
second
c o l u m n ,contains
c o n t a i n stidal
t i d a l information.
information.
IIn
n tthe
h e eexample
x a m p l errun
u n tthe
he o
p e r a t o rhhas
i v e n instructions
as g
operator
given
i n s t r u c t i o n s tto
o skip
skip
c o mp l e te l yth
e first
fi rst 55 records
re cor dson
BAyand
on BAY
completely
the
then to
to read
and then
r ead the
the next
next 25
25
r e c o r d saccording
( 4 x , F 6 . . | ) . This
a c c o r d i n gto
t o the
t h e format
records
f o r m a t(4x,F6.1).
T h i s will
w i l l input
i n p u ttidal
tidal
p o 'i n ts66 through
d a t a points
th ro u g h30.
data
30.
The operator
oper atorthen
then has
The
has instructed
instr ucted the
the
s u b r o u ti n eto
to find
fi n d the
th e mean
meanof
points and
these 25
subroutine
of these
25 points
and to
to compute
com puteaa
d a t a series
se ri e s with
w i th the
data
th e mean
me ansubtracted.
subtr acted. The
The mean
meanis
is listed
r isted by
by the
the
c o mp u te on
r n th
e o
o
p e ra to r' s teletype
teletype and
computer
the
operator's
and the
the mean
neandetrended
detr endeddata
data
s e r i e s is
i s outed
o u t e dto
series
t o aa file.
file.
N o te at
th i s point
p o i n t that
a t this
that the
Note
the computer
computercame
cam eback
backwith
with aa "LUN
40
"LUN40
* D E T R E writes
N rDi t e s out,
U N D E F I N E DT
"h. e subroutine
UNDEFINED".
s u b r o u t i n e*DETREND
w
d o all
The
o u t , as
a s do
a l l the
t h e ARAND
ARAND
s u b ro u ti n e s,certain
ce rta i n me
par am eter on
son LUN
ssages
subroutines,
messages
and
and parameters
par LUN40.
40. The
Thepar*DETREND
tticular
' i c u l a r me
p a rameter soutput
ssa g eand
messages
asn d parameters
output by
by *DETREND
ar e to
to be
are
be found
found
o
t h e last
p a g eof
l a st page
onn the
th e sample
o f the
samplerun.
r un. Many
Manyoperators
oper ator schoose
chooseto
to set
set
4O=NUL
aLn dtherefore
th e re fo redump
40=NULL
and
all
d u mp
a1l the
the "helpful
par am eter s."
messages
andparameters."
and
"helpful messages
A f t e r .the
t h e subroutine
s u b r o u t i n eacts
After
a c t s on
o n the
t h e data
d a t a and
program
a n dthe
t h e 'main
m a i nprogram
w
r i t es the
th e output,
o u tp u t, the
writes
th e operator
o per atorcan
can specify
specify aa switching
switchingcode.
code.
S WIT C H IN
SWITCHING
CODE:
CG
OD E :
=0
O: : N
redata
pr ocessing;program
d a ta for
fo r processing;
pr ogr amgoes
goesto
Noo mo
more
to end.
end.
=l:
l:
M
o r ed
p r o c e s s i n g program
; r o g r a messentially
a t a for
f o r processing;
p
More
data
e s s e n t i a l l y begins
b e g i n sagain.
again.
=.|0
l e xt data
d a ta on
=10: : lNext
is
o n LUNIN
L UNII{
is dummy
pr ogr am"thumbs"
dum mdata;
y
data;
program
"thumbs"through
thr ough
iit
t u
n t f l it
i t finds
f i n d s some
until
s o m ereal
r e a l data.
d a t a . It
It b
a c k s p a c eLUNIN
backspaces
LsU N I N
and
a n dasks
a s k sfor
for
a n o t h e rswitching
s w i t c h i n gcode.
another
code.
36
36
lNote
l o te that
th a t the
th e switching
sw i tching code
the user
to skip
codeallows
allows the
user to
r ecor ds,
skip records,
p r o ce ssrecords,
g o back
re co rd s, go
b a ck to
pr ogr am,and
to the
the beginning
beginningof
process
the program,
of the
and use
use
t h e skip
ski p feature
pr ocessmore
fe a tu re again,
a g a i n , and
dld process
m or erecords,
the
r ecor ds,etc.
etc.
In the
th e sample
sa mp l erun
ru n the
the operator
oper atorhas
hasset
the switching
In
set the
switchingcode
code== 1.
l.
p ro g ra mthen
T
h e program
th e n asks
a sksfor
fo r input
The
input and
andoutput
outputformats
for m atsand
logical
andlogical
units.
u n i ts.
T h e subsequent
given by
su b se q u e ninstructions
i tnstr uctions given
The
by the
the operator
oper atorhave
have
causedthe
computerto
caused
the computer
to read
read and
and act
uponthe
the first
act upon
first 27
27 values
values of
ssalinity
a l i n i t y at
a t "OSU
s u r f a c e . " lUote
{ o t e tthat
" 0 S Usurface.
h a t iin
h i s ssecond
n tthis
e c o n dcycle
he
c y c l e tthe
o p era to rhas
h a s asked
a ske dfor
fo r linear
operator
detr ending.
l i near detrending.
T h e next
p a g eshows
n e xt page
sh o w saa short
listing of
par t of
the first
fir st part
BAY.
The
shor t listing
of the
of BAY.
T
h e operations
o p e ra ti o n scarried
ca rri e d out
o ut in
in the
the sample
The
sam plerun
r un considered
data only
consider eddata
only
f r o m the
p a rt.
th e first
from
fi rst part.
T
h e detrended
detr endedoutput
output data
data are
ar e listed
listed on
the
The
on the
page. T
n e x t page.
next
h e helpful
h e l p fu l messages
The
stored
messages
stor ed on
LUN40
40 are
on LUN
ar e shown
shownon
on the
the
page.
n e x t page.
next
TIME
T I T,JE
T I M E 0.046
TIME
0 . 0 4 6 SECONDS
SECCNDS
37
37
NFBLKS
M
FBLKS 0
CFBLKS 0
CF'BLRS
O
# U O UIP'
IPT
=BAY
#EQ(J
1 l =BA'r,
# E O UI P
#EQ(j
IP2=F
r 2 = F IILE
LE
# E O UIP,
#EQU
=F ILE
I P r 33=FILE
= * C D E T R E N TX = 5 0
# F 0 R T R A N TII=*CDETREN,X=50
#FORTRAN,
NC ERRORS
ERRCRS FOR
NO
FCR CDETREN
CDETREN
= * D E T R E N D TX = 5 1
# F C R T R A N TI 1*DETREND,X=51
#FORTRAN,
NO
DETREND
NO ERRORS
ERRCIRS.FOR
.FCR DETRENI)
# L C A D r 5 0 r51
#LOAD,50,
51
RUN
R
UN
RUN
RUN
FORMAT
INPUT FCRMAT
- (4X,F6.1)
( 4 X r F 6 . l) @ @
GSpace
tSpace over
parentheses.
over one,
including right
one, then
then type
typ e in
i n format,
left parentheses.
for m at, including
r ight and
andleft
((4X,
4Xr F
F6.
6 . I1))
@
OX?
cK? I
Hill
m e a n s"Yes,
formatis
is OK"
0K"
"Yes,format
" l t t means
CUTPUT FORMAT
OUTPUT
FCRMAT
( I14,F6.1
4 r F 6 . 1 ))
C
plus
Note output
output format
sequence
number
plus
Note
formatspecified
for two
number
specified for
two numbers,
numbers,
sequence
point
floating
floating point detrended
data
data number.
number.
detrcnded
( I 4 r F 6 . 1 ))
(14,F6.1
C K ? ,1
1
OK?
.-Reads data
data off
off of
of LUN
LUN1.
l '
INPUT LUN
LUN == 1,'rReads
INPur
CUTPUTLUN
OUTPUT
LUN =2
A
\Puts
plus detrended
Puts sequence
sequence numbers
numbersplus
data numbers
numberson
LUN2.
2.
detrendeddata
on LUN
oF RECORDS
REccRDsTOSKIPOVER
NUMBER
NUMBER
OF
==
TOSKIPCUER
MEAN
MEAN OR
LINEAR DETRENDING?
CR LINEAR
DETRENDING?
I
.j
-
5 +points before
data points
- Skips
before
Skips over
over 55 data
considering
any set
data
set of
of data
consideringany
points.
Points !
tr'
*DETREND
Indicates to
Indicates
to subroutine
that
you wish
wish
subroutine *DETREND
that you
"mean" detrending.
detrending.
"mean"
3B
,IfIf yo
e using
youu ar
are
using dummy
dummy data
data as
as a
enter
a 1placeholder"
enter
"placeholder"
DUMMY
DUMMY DATA
DATA VALUE
VALUE 50 r value
possibledata
va'l-uehere;
not, enter
here; if
if not,
enter value
valueabove
data
aboveany
anypossible
N
U M B S R C OF
=25
F PPOINTS
C I N T S TTO
NUMBER
C A
ACT
C T cON
N =25
value.
v a lu e .
-?-
After skipping
(S pts.)
skippingover
points specified
over the
pts.) the
program
the number
number
After
of
of points
above(5
specifiedabove
ttreprogram
*DETREND
(25pts.)
applies*DETREND
points(25
pts.) following.
to this
number
this number
applies
to
of
of points
following.
D
E T R E N DEENTERED
N T E R E D WWITH..
=
I T H ' . LENGTH
LENGTH C
DETREND
OF
F SERIES
SERIES =
( l ) M E A N T (2)LINEAR
R
BiCVED
REMOVED
I1
€ T L I N E A R TREND
TFEND
(1)MEAN,
a5
P5
L U N 40
4 0UNDEFINED
LUN
U N D S F IN E D A
R A Nsubroutines
su
D br outinesare
nowset
ar e now
up to
to wr
ARAND
write
"helpful"
set up
ite,,helpful,,
# EQ U I P T 4O=3
#EQUIP,40=3
n p ssa g es
LUN40.
40.
messages
on
on LUN
# G0O
#G
M
E A N== 3
MEAN
. 1 ? 5 6 O 0 0 O 01
EO l
3.17560000E
=t
S
1 ' I I T C H I N GCODE
SWITCHING
C C D E =1
g i v e s mean.
S
u b r o u t i n egives
naan.
Subroutine
By typing
typing "1"
indicatesthat
operatorindicates
that more
moredata
datais
is to
to be
be
By
"l" operator
processed.
processed.
FCRMAT
INPUT FORMAT
(10)bF6,1)
(IOXsF6.1)
(1OXrF5.l )
(1OX.,F6.1)
OK?
cK?
Input format
i.e. reading
readingsecond
Input
format for
for new
new data,
data, i.e.
secondcolumn
column
from
BAY.
fromBAY.
I
1
CUTPUTFORMAT
OUTPUT
FCRMAT
((14,F6.1
l 4 r F 6 . I ))
(CI4,F6.1
I 4 r F 5 . 1 ))
cOK?
K ? I1
INPUT LUN
INPUT
LUN= =(ANrrX;
(EAK)
4
REWINDr t
REWIND,1
Brokehere
here to
Broke
to rewind
rewinddata
data file
file and
to equip
equip
andto
newoutput
a
a new
file.
outputfile.
# E Q UI P r 4 = F I L E
#EQUIP,4=FILE
# G0C
#G
rt - r-- 0perator
pr ogr am
operator
i n d i ca tethat
s th a tprogram
indicates
should
shouldagain
againread
LUN1l.
r eadoff
off LUN
I.
OUTPUT LUN
OUTPUT
LUN =Q
=4
=
NUMBERCF
NUMBER
OF RECCRDS
RECORDS ?CSKIPCVER
TOSKIPOVER =
0
39
39
\ r pEArt.
DEi1)Dt,J(, L
flEf rr,rOon 'tPJEIrkt
Dg;Ttz2ltg1SS6
.
DUMMY DATA VALUE 50
DUMMY
.Q..
=27
A C T ON
C N =ai
NUMBER
POINTS
N U M B E R OF
OF P
T O ACT
O I N T S TO
27
2
7
LENGTH
DETREND
D E T R E N D ENTERED
TH..
C F SERIES
S E R I E S ==
E N T E R E D t i IITH..
L
E N G T H OF
((1
l )M
Z>LINEAR T
REND
)MEAN,
TREND
REMOVED
RB{CVED
2
E A N T ((2)LINEAR
MEAN
M E A N == 2.91666667E
2 . 9 1 6 6 6 6 6 7 8 01
01
-B.O647t3O6E-02r
Ol
B COEFFICIENT=
3 . A 2 9 5 7 2 6 5 8 01
C C E F F I C I E N T = 3.02957265E
A COEFFICIENT
C O E F F I C I E N T = -8.06471306E-02
=-]8SWITCHING
S!'I
TCHING CODE
CCDE-=0
*DETREND
Codeset
Code
set =-
rr0rr
0H ends
ends routine.
routine.
END OF
END
CF FORTRAN
FCRTRAN EXECUTION
EXECUTICN
4
gives
t Subroutine
t
*DETREND gives
Subroutine
plus linear
mean
plus
mean
linear coefficients.
coefficients.