Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1
Introduction
PART I
SOLID STATE PHYSICS, ELECTRONICS AND OPTICS
Section 1
Materials and Fabrication
5
Heterostructures for High Performance Devices .......................................
7
Chapter 1
Professor Clifton J. Fonstad, Jr.
*
*
1 .1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
*
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
*
*
1.13
1.14
*
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1 .2 0
Chapter 2
.......................... 7
In tro d u c tio n ..................................................................................................
Computer Controlled Growth of Lattice-Matched InGaAIAs Heterostructures on InP ....... 7
Molecular Beam Epitaxy of InGaAIAs Strained-Layer Heterostructures on 111 GaAs
....................................................... 8
a n d In P ............................................. .. ................................
Monolithic Fabrication of Strain-free GaAIAs Laser Diodes on Silicon Substrates ............. 9
Integration of Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers on GaAs Integrated Circuits ........ 9
. ........ 10
Low Temperature Growth of GaAIAs Laser Diodes ................................
MBE-Grown InGaAIAs/InP Long-Wavelength Laser Diodes for Narrow
.................... 1 1
Lin ew id th A p p licatio n s ..................................................................................
New Three-Terminal Independently Addressable Asymmetric Laser Diodes
11
(IAADQW-LD) with Dynamic Control of Gain and Refractive Index ..................
Design and Fabrication of Distributed Feedback (DFB) InGaAIAs Laser
12
.......................
Diodes Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Laser Diode Modeling and Design for Narrow Linewidth Operation .............................. 12
Growth and Processing of Improved InGaAIAs/InP Heterojunction Bipolar
........................ 13
T ran sisto rs .............................. ............... . .. .................... .. .....................
Microwave Characterization, Analysis, and Modeling of Emitter-Down
................. 13
Heterojunction B ipolar T ransistors ...................................................................
Analysis of Three-Terminal n-n-n Quantum Well Base, Tunnel-Barrier Transistors ......... 14
Applications of AlAs Etch-Stop Layers in InGaAIAs/InP Heterostructure
14
Electronics and Optoelectronics ...........................................
Electrical Transport Studies in Directly Contacted InGaAs Quantum Wells ................... 15
Investigation of Infrared Intersubband Emission from InGaAs/AIAs/InP
......................................... 15
Q uantum W ell Heterostructures ..............................................
Investigation of Intersubband Relaxation Times in InGaAIAs Quantum Well
16
Heterostructures .....................................................
Infrared Characterization of InGaAs/AIAs/InP Quantum Well Heterostructures ............ 16
Damage-Free In-Situ UHV Etching and Cleaning of III-V Heterostructures
17
Usin g M o lec u lar Bea m s ...........................................................................................................
17
....... ...................
P u b licatio n s .................................................................................................
High-Frequency InAIAs/InGaAs Metal-Insulator-Doped Semiconductor
Field-Effect Transistors (MIDFETs) for Telecommunications ........................
19
Professor Jes6s A. del Alamo
*
*
2 .1
2.2
Chapter 3
In tro d u ctio n .................................................................................................
Quantum-channel InAIAs/n -InGaAs MIDFETs .................................
.................... 1 9
20
Novel Superconducting Tunneling Structures ........................................
29
Professor John M. Graybeal
*
*
3 .1
P roje c t De sc rip tio n ....................................................................................................................
Sponsored by the Joint Services Electronics Program
29
Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Chemical Beam Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors ...............................
33
Professor Leslie A. Kolodziejski
*
*
*
*
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
Chapter 5
Facility for the Gas Source Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors ................................
Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MOMBE) of ZnSe .......................................
Photo-Assisted MOMBE of Wide Bandgap II-VI Compound Semiconductors .......
.
Publications .............................................................
33
34
36
38
Microstructural Evolution in Thin Films of Electronic Materials .................
39
Professor Carl V. Thompson
*
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
Chapter 6
Electrom igration and M icrostructure ...........................................................
Microstructural Evolution in Polycrystalline Films ...............................
Magnetic Properties of Heteroepitaxial Thin Films ...............................
Interface Reactions in Multilayer Thin Films ......................
...............
Focused Ion Beam Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition ........................
Publications ..........................................................
Focused Ion Beam Microfabrication ........................................
39
42
43
43
43
44
........... 47
Dr. John Meingailis
6 .1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6 .9
Section 2
Chapter 1
In tro d u c tio n .....................................................................................
....................
Tunable Gunn Diodes-High Frequency Performance and Applications ........................
Simulation of Tunable Gunn Diodes and MESFETs with Doping Gradients ....................
Limited Lateral Straggle of Focused-Ion-Beam Implants ..................................... ....
Focused Ion Beam Implantation of GaAs MMICs and Transistor Optimization .......
.
Ion Induced Deposition of Gold, Models and Microstructure .......................................
Focused Ion Beam Lithography for X-Ray Mask Making .......................
Focused Ion Beams for the Repair of X-Ray Masks .............................
P ub licatio ns ...............................................................
47
47
48
48
49
50
50
51
51
Quantum-Effect Devices
53
Statistical Mechanics of Quantum Dots ........................................
........
55
Professor Boris L. Altshuler
S 1.1
Chapter 2
Project Description ..............................................................
55
Single Electron Transistors .........................................................
57
Professor Marc A. Kastner
*
2.1
Chapter 3
Project Description ........................................................................... 57
Transport Through a Quantum Dot .....................................................
61
Professor Patrick A. Lee
*
3.1
Chapter 4
Project Description
........................................................................
.......... 61
Submicron and Nanometer Structures Technology and Research
63
Professor Henry I. Smith
*
*
*
iv
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Submicron Structures Laboratory .........................................
.................
Microfabrication at Linewidths of 100 nm and Below ....................
......
Improved Mask Technology for X-Ray Lithography .......................................
........
Study of Electron Transport in Si MOSFETs with Deep-Submicron Channel Lengths ...
Studies of Coulomb Charging in Ultrasmall Semiconductor Devices .............................
RLE Progress Report Number 134
63
63
65
66
66
Table of Contents
4.6
*
*
*
*
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
4.13
*
4.14
4.15
4.16
4.17
Section 3
Chapter 1
Study of Quasi-One-Dimensional Wires and Superlattice Formation in GaAs/AIGaAs
M odulation Doped Field-Effect Transistors ...................................................
GaAs Electron Waveguide Devices Fabricated by X-Ray Lithography ...........................
Arrays of Field-Effect-Induced Quantum Dots ................................................... ....... ......
Planar-Resonant-Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (PRESTFET) ..................................
Fabrication of Distributed-Feedback Lasers and Channel-Dropping Filters ...................
Novel Superconducting Tunneling Structures .................................................
Submicrometer-Period Transmission Gratings for X-Ray and Atom-Beam
..................
S pectroscopy and Interferom etry ..................................................................
High-Dispersion, High Efficiency Transmission Gratings for Astrophysical
X- Ray Spectroscopy ........................................ ............................
Submicron-Thickness X-Ray Window Technology ........................................
Epitaxy via Surface-Energy-Driven Grain Growth ........................................
GaAs Epitaxy on Saw tooth-patterned Si ................................................................
Publications .......................................................
74
74
75
75
76
76
79
Optics and Devices
Optics and Quantum Electronics ......................................
68
70
71
72
72
73
..................
81
Professor Hermann A. Haus, Professor Erich P. Ippen, Professor James G. Fujimoto,
Professor Peter L. Hagelstein, Dr. Lucio H. Acioli, Dr. Santanu Basu, Dr. Guiseppe
Gabetta, Dr. Yuzo Hirayama, Dr. Joseph A. Izatt, Dr. Franz X. Kartner, Dr. Antonio
Mecozzi, Dr. Kazunori Naganuma
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1 .6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
Chapter 2
A dd itive Pulse M odelocking ............................................................................ .................. 8 1
......................... 82
Ultrashort Pulse Fiber Laser .......................................
82
Long Distance Fiber Com m unications ..........................................................
............ ....... 83
Squeezing ...........................................
83
...................................................
Integrated Optics Com ponents ........................
................... 8 4
T u nab le Lasers ..................................................................................................
85
Gain Dynamics in Semiconductor Amplifiers ........................................
............. 86
Ultrafast Optical Kerr Effect in Active W aveguides ...........................
86
Coherent Phonons in Electronic Materials ................ ........................
87
Femtosecond Studies of Superconductivity ........................................
Femtosecond Pulse Generation in Solid State Lasers ..................................................... ... 88
91
Studies of Ultrafast Phenomena in Optoelectronic Materials ........................................
95
Time Domain Diagnostics of W aveguide Devices ...............................................................
97
Laser Medicine and Surgery ............................................
O verview of the EU V Laser Effort ................................................................. .................. 100
Nd:glass Am plifier Developm ent ........................................................................................... 100
.............. 101
Spectral Measurements of a Ni-like Mo Plasma ...........................
102
..................
Progress in EUV Laser Kinetics Modeling ................ ...........................
Laser Cavities in the Soft X-Ray Region ........................................................ .............. 103
104
.....................................
Boltzmann Equation Studies .....
Coherent Fusion Studies .......................................................... 105
Optical Propagation and Communication ......................................
109
Professor Jeffrey H. Shapiro, Dr. Robert H. Rediker, Dr. Ngai C. Wong
2.1
2.2
2.3
2 .4
2.5
2.6
..........
Introduction . ...........................................................................
Squeezed States of Light ..............................................
.....................................
Optical Frequency Division .......
..................
............
.....
Laser Radar S ystem T heo ry ..................................... ..............
Fiber-Coupled External-Cavity Semiconductor High Power Laser ................................
Analog Processing of Optical Wavefronts Using Integrated Guided-Wave Optics ........
109
109
111
11 2
114
114
Table of Contents
Chapter 3
High-Frequency (> 100 GHz) Electronic Devices .......................................
117
Professor Qing Hu
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3 .5
3.6
Section 4
Chapter 1
Millimeter Wave and Infrared Superconducting Focal-plane Receiver Arrays ................
Photon-assisted Quantum Transport in Quantum Point Contacts .................................
High-Tc Superconducting Josephson Devices ......................
..................
Far-infrared (THz) Lasers Using Multiple Quantum Wells .........................................
Research Facility ............................................................
Publications .............................................................
117
118
119
120
12 1
121
Surfaces and Interfaces
123
Statistical Mechanics of Surface Systems and Quantum-Correlated
S ystem s ..........................................................................................................
125
Professor A. Nihat Berker
*
*
*
*
*
1 .1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Chapter 2
Intro d uctio n .........................................................................................................................
Renormalization-Group Approach to Electronic Systems ......................
Phase Diagrams of Semiconductor Alloys .................. .................................. ................
Quantum Spin Systems .................................................
Publications ............................................
............................
...........
125
125
126
126
127
Synchrotron X-Ray Studies of Surface Disordering ...................................
129
Professor Robert J. Birgeneau
*
*
*
*
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Chapter 3
Introduction ................................................................ ..........
Metal Surface Studies ........................................
Sem iconductor Surface Studies ........................................
Publications ...........................................................................
129
129
130
130
Chemical Reaction Dynamics at Surfaces ......................................
133
Professor Sylvia T. Ceyer
*
*
3.1
3.2
3.3
Chapter 4
Dynamics of the Reaction of F2 with Si(100) ........................................
133
Dynamics of the Reaction of F2 with Fluorinated Si(100) .....................................
133
New M echanisms for Surface Processes ....................................................... .............. 134
Semiconductor Surface Studies ......................................
137
Professor John D. Joannopoulos
*
*
*
*
4.1
4.2
4 .3
4.4
Chapter 5
Introduction ................................................................. ..........
Heteroepitaxial Growth ............................................................
M o lec u les .................. ......................................................................................
..................
Publications .... ..................................................... .........................
..........
137
137
1 40
142
Epitaxy and Step Structures on Semiconductor Surfaces .........................
143
Professor Simon G.J. Mochrie
*
vi
5.1
Structure and Phase Behavior of the Si(113) Surface .......................................
RLE Progress Report Number 134
143
Table of Contents
PART II
APPLIED PHYSICS
Section 1
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Chapter 1
Quantum Optics and Photonics ...................................................................
149
151
Professor Shaoul Ezekiel
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
Chapter 2
Error Sources in a Fiber Optic Resonator Gyroscope ..................................
Stim ulated Brillouin Fiber Laser Gyroscope ................................................... .............
.........
Applications of Stimulated Brillouin Fiber Lasers ........................... ...............
in
Raman
Atoms
of
Three-level
Cooling
and
Deflection
of
Observation
First
Resonant Standing W ave Optical Fields .....................................................
Origin of the Optical Force on the Raman Dark State in Two Standing Waves ..........
Optical Data Storage with Raman Excited Microwave Spin Echoes ............................
151
153
155
Basic Atomic Physics ........................................
163
1 57
158
160
Professor Daniel Kleppner, Professor David E. Pritchard
*
*
*
*
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Section 2
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Section 3
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
*
1.3
1.4
1.5
Section 4
Chapter 1
.................................
The D iam agnetic Rydberg Atom .........................................
Millimeter-Wave Frequency Measurement of the Rydberg Constant ............................
A tom Interferom etry ............................................................
Cooling and Trapping Neutral Atoms ...................................................
Precision Mass Spectroscopy of Ions .........................................................
Plasma Physics
Plasma Dynamics ........................................
Professor George Bekefi, Professor Abraham Bers, Professor Bruno Coppi,
Professor Miklos Porkolab, Professor Jonathan S. Wurtele, Dr. Ronald C. Englade,
Dr. Stefano Migliuolo, Dr. Abhay K. Ram, Dr. Barrett Rogers, Dr. Linda E. Sugiyama
....... ..............
Relativistic Electron Beam s ...................................... .............
Plasma Wave Interactions-RF Heating and Current Generation ...................................
..................
Physics of Therm onuclear Plasm as ..............................................................
.................................
Versator II Tokamak Research Program .......................
163
167
170
172
174
177
179
179
183
190
204
Electromagnetics
209
Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Applications .....................................
Professor Jin Au Kong, Dr. Sami M. Ali, Dr. Robert T. Shin, Dr. Ying-Ching E. Yang
211
ILS/MLS Frequency Management Assessment ........................................
Future Aircraft Landing System: Global Positioning System (GPS) and
....................
Synthetic Vision Sensors (SVS) ........................... ................................
....................
Multilayer Media and Superconducting Electronics .....................
Rem ote Sensing of Earth Terrain ..........................................
SAR Image Interpretation and Simulation ........................................
211
Radio Astronomy
Radio Astronomy ........................................
213
214
217
219
223
225
Professor Bernard F. Burke, Professor David H. Staelin, Professor Jacqueline N.
Hewitt, Dr. Philip W. Rosenkranz
1.1
1.2
1.3
Extragalactic Radio Source Studies ........................................
Studies of Gravitational Lenses ........................................
Radio Interferometry of Nearby dMe Stars ........................................
225
229
229
Table of Contents
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Tiros-N Satellite Microwave Sounder .....................................
Earth Observing System: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit .......................................
High-Resolution Passive Microwave Imaging of Atmospheric Structure .....................
Characterization of Dolphin W histles ...................
.....................
Rapid Precision Net-Form Manufacturing .....................................
Conformal Experiment Design .......
...................................
PART III
SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS
Section 1
Computer-Aided Design
Chapter 1
230
231
232
232
232
232
237
Custom Integrated Circuits ........................................
239
Professor Jonathan Allen, Professor John L. Wyatt, Jr., Professor Jacob White,
Professor Srinivas Devadas
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
Chapter 2
Custom Integrated Circuits ............................................
Analog VLSI Systems for Integrated Image Acquisition and Early
V is io n P ro c e ss in g ....................................................................................................................
Mixed Circuit/Device Simulation ...............................................
Simulation Algorithms for Clocked Analog Circuits ........................................
Numerical Simulation of Short Channel MOS Devices ............................
.......
Efficient Three-Dimensional Interconnect Analysis ...................... ......... ..........
Parallel Numerical Algorithms ........................................
M icroelectromechanical Com puter-Aided Design ...........................................................
Techniques for Logic Synthesis, Formal Verification and Testing ..................................
24 1
250
251
251
252
253
254
254
Computer-Aided Fabrication System Structure .....................................
261
239
Professor Donald E. Troxel
2.1
Section 2
Chapter 1
CAFE - The MIT Computer-Aided Fabrication Environment .....................................
. 261
Digital Signal Processing
263
Digital Signal Processing Research Program
......................................
265
Professor Alan V. Oppenheim, Professor Arthur B. Baggeroer, Professor Gregory W.
Wornell
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
viii
Introduction
.....................................
......................
265
Oceanographic Signal Processing ........................................
265
Fault-Tolerant Algorithms and Architectures for Digital Signal Processing .................... 267
Imaging Ice-cracks Using Diffraction Tomography ........................................ 267
Implementation and Evaluation of a Dual-Sensor Time-Adaptive EM
Algorithm for Signal Enhancement ........................................
268
Quantitative Comparisons of Dolphin Signature W histles .............................................. 268
Applications of Synchronization in Chaotic Systems ......................................... 269
Signal Processing Applications of Chaotic Dynamical Systems .................................... 269
High-Resolution Direction Finding for Multidimensional Scenarios ............................. 270
Wavelet-Based Representation and Algorithms for Generalized Fractal Signals ............ 270
Signal Processing for Ocean Acoustic Tomography ....................................................... 271
Chaotic Signaling in Binary Data Transmission and Detection ..................................... 271
Adaptive Matched Field Processing in an Uncertain Propagation Environment ........... 272
State and Parameter Estimation with Chaotic Systems ...........................
.......
272
Causal Filters with Negative Group Delay .........................................
273
Codebook Prediction: A Nonlinear Signal Modeling Paradigm ..................................... 274
Synthesis, Analysis, and Processing of Fractal Signals ...................
.............
274
Active Noise Cancellation ...........................
....................
275
RLE Progress Report Number 134
Table of Contents
Advanced Television and Signal Processing Program ................................
Professor Jae S. Lim
..................
Intro d uc tio n ........................................................................................................
2 .1
A T R P Fa c ilitie s .................................... .......................... .........................................................
2 .2
Coding of the Motion-Compensated Residual for an All-Digital HDTV System ........
2.3
Motion-Compensated Vertico-Temporal and Spatial Interpolation ...........................
2.4
Design of a Channel-Compatible HDTV System ..............................
2.5
....
Multirate Systems and Structures for Image and Video ......................
2.6
..................
Development of a 1.5 Kbps Speech Vocoder ......................................
2.7
A New Method for Representing Speech Spectrograms .......................
2.8
....
Transform Coding for High-Definition Television ..........................
2.9
2.10 A Dual Excitation Speech Model ........................................
2.11 Design of an HDTV D isplay System .....................................................................................
2.12 Signal Processing for Advanced Television Systems .............................................
2.13 Relative Importance of Encoded Data Types in an All-Digital HDTV System ...............
2.14 Transmission of HDTV Signals in a Terrestrial Broadcast Environment ....................
2.15 Hybrid Analog/Digital Representation of Analog Signals .........................................
2.16 An Iterative Method for Designing Separable Wiener Filter .......................................
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
3 .1
285
P roje ct De sc riptio n ..................................................................................................................
285
LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND HEARING
Section 1
Speech Communication
1 .1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1 .9
Section 2
Chapter 1
1 .1
1 .2
1.3
1 .4
1 .5
1.6
1.7
277
277
278
278
279
279
280
280
281
281
282
282
282
283
283
284
Combined Source and Channel Coding for High-Definition Television .....
Professor William F. Schreiber
PART IV
Chapter 1
277
289
Speech Communication ............................................................................
Professor Kenneth N. Stevens, Dr. Joseph S. Perkell, Dr. Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
291
...........
......
In tro d u c tio n .......................................................................................................
Studies of the Acoustics, Perception, and Modeling of Speech Sounds ....................
S pe e c h S y n th e s is ....................................................................................................................
Studies of Speech Production ...........................................
Speech Production Planning ............................................
...
Speech Research Relating to Special Populations ..........................
....
Models for Lexical Representation and Lexical Access ......................
...................
Speech Analysis and Synthesis Facilities ........................................
............
P u b lic a tio n s ...........................................................................................................
292
292
29 5
296
297
298
299
300
3 00
Sensory Communication
303
Sensory Communication .............................................................................
Professor Louis D. Braida, Nathaniel I. Durlach, Dr. William M. Rabinowitz,
Dr. Charlotte M. Reed, Dr. Mandayam A. Srinivasan, Dr. Patrick M. Zurek
305
...........
......
In tro d u c tio n .......................................................................................................
Hearin g A id Resea rc h .............................................................................................................
Multimicrophone Hearing Aids ...........................................
Coc h lea r Pro sth eses ................................................................................................................
B in a u ra l He a rin g ......................................................................................................................
Clinical Applications of Binaural Hearing ...................................
Tactile Communication of Speech ........................................
305
3 05
307
30 8
30 9
310
311
Table of Contents
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
Section 3
Chapter 1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Section 4
C hapter 1
Super Auditory Localization for Improved Human-Machine Interfaces ........................ 312
Research on Reduced-Capability Human Hands ...................................
313
Mechanistic Modeling of Primate Fingerpad ......................
.................. 314
Biomechanics of Skin-Object Contact ................................................
316
Publications ...............................................
................ 317
Auditory Physiology
319
Signal Transmission in the Auditory System ......................................
321
Professor Lawrence S. Frishkopf, Professor Nelson Y.S. Kiang, Professor William T.
Peake, Professor William M. Siebert, Professor Thomas F. Weiss, Dr. Bertrand Delgutte,
Dr. Donald K. Eddington, Dr. Dennis M. Freeman, Dr. John J. Guinan, Jr., Dr. John J.
Rosowski
Introduction ......................
.......................................
Signal Transmission in the External and M iddle Ear .....................................
Basic and Clinical Studies of the Auditory System ..........................................................
Cochlear M echanism s .........................................................................
Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve ......................
..................
Middle-Ear Muscle Reflex .....................................................
Cochlear Efferent System
........................................
Cochlear Im plants ......................................................................................
...............
Linguistics
Lingu istics ...........................................
321
321
322
323
325
326
326
327
329
......................................................
331
Professor Noam Chomsky, Professor Morris Halle
1.1
1.2
Introduction .................................... ....................
................... ................
Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations ...... ....................................
.. 331
331
APPENDICES
Appendix A RLE Publications and Papers Presented ........................................................
A.1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
Meeting Papers .... ......... ..........................................................
Journal Articles .... ........ ....................................................
Books/Chapters in Books
........................................
RLE Publications .... ........ ...........................................................
RLE Theses ....
..............................................................
M iscellaneous .......
.........................................................................
.............
341
................... 353
364
.............
365
366
................. .. 368
Appendix B Current RLE Personnel ..................................................................................
369
A ppendix C M ilestones ....................................
375
C.1
C.2
C .3
C.4
C.5
............................................................
New Faculty and Staff ........................................................
375
Retirements ...................................................
.......
. 375
P ro m o tio n s ...............................................................................................................................
375
Chair Appointments ............................................
.............
375
Awards and Honors .... ........ ........................................................
..............
375
Appendix D RLE Research Support Index .......................................................................
Project Staff and Subject Index
x
341
RLE Progress Report Number 134
377
381