Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
PART I
SOLID STATE PHYSICS, ELECTRONICS AND OPTICS
Section 1
Materials and Fabrication
Chapter 1
Heterostructures for High Performance Devices .....................................................
7
Professor Clifton J. Fonstad, Jr.
1.1
* 1.2
* 1.3
* 1.4
* 1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.1 8
Chapter 2
Introductio n ........................................
.. .....
.....
........................... . . . . . 7
MBE-Grown InGaAIAs Laser Diodes for Optical Fiber Communication Applications ........ 7
Design and Fabrication of Distributed Feedback (DFB) InGaAIAs Laser
8
.
...................
Diodes Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy ........................................
Feasibility Study of 1.55 uim Intersubband Transition in InGaAs/AIAs
Quantum-W ell Heterostructures .......................................
....
.......................
8
Growth and Characterization of High Quality InGaAIAs Multiple
............................
........... 9
Q uantum W ells ..............................................
New Three-Terminal Laser Diodes with Dynamic Control of Gain and
R e fra ctiv e Ind e x ......................................... ..............
.................................... 10
Laser Diode Modeling and Design for Narrow Linewidth Operation ................................ 10
Evaluation of GaAs MESFET VLSI Circuits as Substrates for Ill-V
................... 11
Heterostructure Epitaxy ........................................
12
........................
Low Temperature Growth of GaAIAs Laser Diodes ............................
Optical Input and Output Circuitry for High Density, High Speed GaAs
................................................ 12
MESFET-based OEICs
13
.....................
High Density GaAs MESFET-based OEIC Neural Systems ......................
Applications of Resonant Tunneling Diodes in GaAs MESFET VLSI .............................. 14
Investigation of Infrared Intersubband Emission from InGaAs/AIAs/InP
...................... 14
...............
Q uantum -W ell Heterostructures .....................................
Infrared Characterization of InGaAs/AIAs/InP Quantum-Well Heterostructures .............. 15
Analysis of the Symmetry Properties of Quantum Well Subband Energy Levels ........... 15
Microwave Characterization, Analysis, and Modeling of Emitter-Down
.........
.................. 16
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ...................... ...........................
Damage-Free In-Situ UHV Etching and Cleaning of Ill-V Heterostructures
17
Using M olecular Beam s .........................................................
17
P u b lic atio n s ......................................................................
High-Frequency InAIAs/InGaAs Metal-Insulator-Doped Semiconductor
Field-Effect Transistors (MIDFETs) for Telecommunications ..................19
Professor Jesus A. del Alamo
*2.1
*2.2
*2.3
*2.4
*
Introduction ................................. .......
............
........
.. ................ 19
20
Drain-current Injection Technique for the Measurement of Breakdown Voltage ................
21
in
InAIAs/n+-InGaAs
HFETs
............................................
Physics of Breakdown
Publications ........................................................................... 23
Sponsored by the Joint Services Electronics Program.
Table of Contents
Chapter 3
Chemical Beam Epitaxy of Compound Semiconductors .....................................
25
Professor Leslie A. Kolodziejski
3.1
*3.2
o3.3
3.4
3.5
Chapter 4
Introduction
................
.........................
..........
......
.................
Photo-Assisted Metalorganic Molecular Beam Epitaxy of ZnSe Using a
Combination of Solid and Gaseous Sources ..............................
...........................
Epitaxial Lattice-Matched Ill-V Buffer Layers for Wide Bandgap II-VI
Visible Sources ................................................
...........
Fabrication of Novel Channel Dropping Filters for Wavelength Division
M ultiplexed Photonic System Applications ...........................................
..........
Publications
........................................................................................
25
Focused Ion Beam Microfabrication .......................................................................
31
26
29
30
30
Dr. John Melngailis
4 .1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
Section 2
Chapter 1
Intro d uctio n ........................................................... ......................................
...................
Tunable Gunn Diodes - Optimization for Microwave Applications ...................................
Dose Rate Effects in the Implantation of Si in GaAs ...................
.................
Limited Lateral Straggle of Focused-Ion-Beam Implants .........................
Focused Ion Beam Implantation in GaAs for Transistor Optimization .............................
Confined Carrier Distributions in III-V Semiconductors Created by
Focused Io n B ea m s ............................... ...........
............................. ..................
Focused Ion Beam Lithography for X-ray Mask Making ..........................................
Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition of Copper ...............................................
Focused Ion Beam Induced Deposition and Ion Milling as a Function
of Angle of Ion Incidence ................................ ...............................................
.
...........
Publications ........................................................
31
31
32
32
33
33
33
34
34
35
Quantum-Effect Devices
Statistical Mechanics of Quantum Dots ................................................................
39
Professor Boris L. Altshuler
1.1
* 1.2
Chapter 2
P roject Description ....................................................................
Publications ........................................................................
39
40
Single Electron Transistors ..............................................................................................
41
Professor Marc A. Kastner
2.1
2.2
Chapter 3
Project Description ....................................................................
Publications ...............................................................
41
...... ............... 44
Differential Resistance Through a Quantum Dot: Signature of Kondo Correlation .. 45
Professor Patrick A. Lee
* 3 .1
3.2
Chapter 4
P roject Descriptio n .........................................................................................................
Publications .............................................................
45
46
Submicron and Nanometer Structures Technology and Research ..........................
47
Professor Henry I. Smith
4.1
*4.2
4.3
iv
Subm icron Structures Laboratory ............................................................ 47
47
. ......................
X-Ray Nanolithography ........................................ .
........ 48
Improved Mask Technology for X-Ray Lithography ......................
RLE Progress Report Number 135
Table of Contents
*4.4
*4.5
*4.6
4.7
*4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12
*4.13
4.14
4.15
4.16
*4.17
4.18
4.19
* 4.20
4.21
Section 3
Chapter 1
Improved Scanning Electron Beam Lithography ............................
.............. 50
A High-Precision Mask Alignment Scheme ..............................................
........ 51
Achromatic Holographic Lithography ......................................... ................ 53
Fabrication of T-gate Devices using X-ray Lithography ................................... 53
54
.............
Tenth-micron MOSFET Device Technology ............................................
Studies of Coulomb Charging Effects in Semiconductor Nanostructures ........................ 57
Study of Quasi-One-Dimensional Wires in GaAs/AIGaAs Modulation Doped
F ie ld -E ffect T ransistors ....................................................................
............... 58
Planar-Resonant-Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors PRESTFET) ...................................... 59
Dual Electron Waveguide Device Fabricated Using X-ray Lithography ........................... 61
Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Arrays of Quantum Dots and Wires .................................. 61
Ridge-Grating Distributed-Feedback Lasers Fabricated by X-Ray Lithography ......... . 62
Channel-Dropping Filters Fabricated by X-Ray Lithography ......................
63
...............
63
Novel Superconducting Tunneling Structures .....................
Submicrometer-Period Transmission Gratings for X-ray and Atom-Beam
S pectroscopy and Interferom etry ......................................................................
................... 65
High-Dispersion, High-Efficiency Transmission Gratings for Astrophysical
X-ray Spectroscopy
.............................................................. 65
Submicron-Thickness X-ray Window Technology ..............................
........... ....... 65
GaAs Epitaxy on Sawtooth-Patterned Silicon ..........................
.................... 66
Publications ......................................
............
....... 66
Optics and Devices
Optics and Quantum Electronics .....................................................
71
Professor Hermann A. Haus, Professor Erich P. Ippen, Professor James G. Fujimoto,
Professor Peter L. Hagelstein, Dr. Santanu Basu
*1.1
* 1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
* 1.7
1.8
1.9
*1.10
* 1.11
*1.12
*1.13
* 1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
Additive Pulse Modelocking ........................................
..............
71
F ib e r R ing Lase r ....................................................................................... ..................... 7 2
Long Distance Fiber Com munications ............................................................ 72
Squeezing ................................... ..............................
... .. .......... ..........
73
Integrated Optics Components: the Channel Dropping Filter ....................................... 74
Tunable Semiconductor Lasers ........................................
.................. 74
Nonlinear Properties of InGaAsP Optical Amplifiers ..............................
75
Ultrafast Index Nonlinearities in Active Waveguides .............................
76
Femtosecond Pulse Generation and Amplification in F-center Systems ......................... 77
Coherent Phonons In Electronic Materials .......................................
............ 77
Fem tosecond Studies of Fullerenes .............................................................
78
Ultrashort Pulse Generation in Solid State Lasers ........................
............
... 79
Studies of Ultrafast Phenom ena in M aterials ............................................................ 81
Time Domain Diagnostics of Waveguide Devices ....................................... 83
Laser Med icine ...................................................................
85
O bservation of Gain in Ni-like Nb .............................................................
90
P um p P ulse Length .......................................................................................................
92
End-pumped X-ray Lasers ........................................ .........................
93
The Kinetics and Hydrodynamics of Laser-Generated Plasmas ...................................... 94
An Analytical Solution of the 2D Exciton-Phonon Matrix Element ................................... 96
Quantum Dot Diode Lasers .............................................
97
Coherent Fusion Theory ................................................
98
Deuterated Metal Experiments ......................................................... 100
Table of Contents
Chapter 2
Optical Propagation and Communication .....................................
103
Professor Jeffrey H. Shapiro, Dr. Robert H. Rediker, Dr. Ngai C. Wong
2 .1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Chapter 3
Intro d uctio n ........................................................................................................................
Squeezed States of Light ..................................................
Optical Frequency Division and Synthesis ........................................
Fiber-Coupled External-Cavity Semiconductor High Power Laser ................................
Analog Processing of Optical Wavefronts Using Integrated Guided-Wave Optics ........
10 3
103
105
106
107
High-Frequency (> 100 GHz) Electronic Devices .....................................
109
Professor Qing Hu
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3 .6
Section 4
Chapter 1
Facility for Millimeter-wave and THz Frequencies ........................................
Millimeter-wave and Infrared Superconducting Focal-plane Receiver Arrays ...............
Photon-assisted Quantum Transport in Quantum Point Contacts ..................................
High-Tc Superconducting Josephson Devices ..........................................
..................
Far-infrared (THz) Lasers Using Multiple Quantum Wells ......................
................. ......
P u b lic atio n s ..............................................................................................
109
109
110
112
114
116
Surfaces and Interfaces
Statistical Mechanics of Surface Systems and Quantum-Correlated Systems ........ 119
Professor A. Nihat Berker
1.1
* 1.2
* 1.3
* 1.4
* 1.5
* 1.6
S1.7
Chapter 2
119
119
120
120
121
................ .
Introduction .........................................................
...................................
Renormalization-Group Approach to Electronic Systems
Suzuki-Trotter Approach to Electronic Systems .......................................
Phase Diagrams of Semiconductor Alloys ........................................
Renormalization-Group Theory of an Internal Critical Endpoint Structure .....................
Phase Diagrams of the Ising Model on the Square Lattice with Crossed
D iagonal B o nds .....................................................................
Publications ...........................................................................................
12 1
121
Synchrotron X-Ray Studies of Surface Disordering .....................................
123
Professor Robert J. Birgeneau
2.1
*2.2
*2.3
*2.4
Chapter 3
Introduction ................................................................
Metal Surface Studies ........................................
Semiconductor Surface Studies ........................................
Model Surface Overlayers ........................................
123
123
124
124
Chemical Reaction Dynamics at Surfaces .....................................
127
Professor Sylvia T. Ceyer
*3.1
3.2
3.3
vi
A New Mechanism for Dissociative Chemisorption on Si: Atom Abstraction ................ 127
.................... 128
New Mechanisms for Surface Processes ........................................
The C hem istry of Bulk Hydrogen ........................................................... 129
RLE Progress Report Number 135
Table of Contents
Chapter 4
Semiconductor Surface Studies .....................................
..........................................
131
Professor John D. Joannopoulos
*4.1
* 4.2
* 4.3
*4.4
Chapter 5
......................................................
Introduction
Surface Reconstruction ..........................................................
Com putation at Large Length Scales ........................................................................
P ublications ..............................................................
131
131
133
135
Epitaxy and Step Structures on Semiconductor Surfaces ....................................
137
Professor Simon G.J. Mochrie
S5.1
* 5 .2
Structure and Phase Behavior of the Si(113) Surface ...................... .................. ..
P u b licatio ns ...........................................................................
PART II
APPLIED PHYSICS
Section 1
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
Chapter 1
Quantum Optics and Photonics ........................................................
137
140
145
Professor Shaoul Ezekiel
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Chapter 2
145
Optical Data Storage with Raman Excited Spin Echoes .........................................
Phase-dependent Velocity Selective Coherent Population Trapping in a
Folded Three-level A System under Standing Wave Excitation ....................................
Continuous Pol-Grad Pre-Cooling for Loading a Subrecoil Temperature Trap ................
Raman Gain in a A Three-level System with Closely Spaced Ground States .................
Brillouin Laser Fiberoptic G yroscope ...........................................................................
146
148
149
151
Basic Atom ic Physics ..............................................
155
.................................................
Professor Daniel Kleppner, Professor David E. Pritchard
*2.1
2.2
*2.3
*2.4
Chapter 3
Millimeter-Wave Frequency Measurement of the Rydberg Constant .............................
.......................................
The Diamagnetic Rydberg Atom
Precision Mass Spectroscopy of Ions ....................................
Atom Interferometry . ................................................
155
158
161
163
Neutrality of Molecules by the Pulsed Gas Flow Method .....................................
171
Professor John G. King
3 .1
3.2
Section 2
Chapter 1
171
171
Introd uctio n .........................................................................
Project Description .............................................................
Plasma Physics
Plasm a Dynam ics ......................................................................
................................
175
Professor George Bekefi, Professor Abraham Bers, Professor Bruno Coppi,
Professor Miklos Porkolab, Professor Jonathan S. Wurtele, Dr. Ronald C. Englade,
Dr. Stefano Migliuolo, Dr. Abhay K Ram, Dr. Barrett Rogers, Dr. Linda E. Sugiyama
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Relativistic E lectron Beam s ............................................................................
Plasma Wave Interactions - RF Heating And Current Generation ................................
.....................
Physics of Thermonuclear Plasmas .................
Versator II Tokamak Research Program ..................................
175
181
192
198
Table of Contents
Section 3
Chapter 1
Electromagnetics
Electromagnetic Wave Theory and Applications .....................................
203
Professor Jin Au Kong, Professor Terry Orlando, Dr. Robert T. Shin, Dr. Y. Eric Yang
1.1
S1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Section 4
Chapter 1
Remote Sensing of Earth Terrain ........................................
Electromagnetic Waves in Multilayer Media ......................................
Aircraft Landing Systems: ILS, MLS, GPS, and SVS .......................
.................
Publications
..............................................................
Superconducting Transmission Lines ......................................................
203
205
207
208
209
Radio Astronomy
Radio Astronom y .............................................................................................................
215
Professor Bernard F. Burke, Professor David H. Staelin, Professor Jacqueline N.
Hewitt, Dr. Philip W. Rosenkranz
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
..................
Extragalactic Radio Source Studies .......................
The Study of Exoplanets .................................................
Studies of G ravitational Lenses ................................................................ ...................
Radio Interferometry of Nearby dMe Stars ........................................
Algorithms for Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit Operational Use ...........................
Earth Observing System: Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit ....................................
High-Resolution Passive Microwave Imaging of Atmospheric Structure .......................
Rapid Precision Net-Form Manufacturing ........................................
....
Conformal Experiment Design ...........................................
Recognition of Natural Nearly Repetitive Signals ........................................
PART III
SYSTEMS AND SIGNALS
Section 1
Computer-Aided Design
Chapter 1
215
216
217
218
218
219
219
219
220
221
227
Custom Integrated Circuits .......................................
Professor Jonathan Allen, Professor John L. Wyatt, Jr., Professor Jacob White,
Professor Srinivas Devadas
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
Chapter 2
Custom Integrated Circuits ........................................
Analog VLSI Systems for Integrated Image Acquisition and Early
..
...................
V isio n P ro cessing ............................................................................
Parallel Algorithms for Device Simulation ........................................
Numerical Simulation of Short Channel MOS Devices ...................................
C ircuit S im ulation Algorithm s .............................................................................................
....................
Parallel Circuit Simulation Algorithms ..........................
............
Microelectromechanical CAD (MEMCAD) ............................
Numerical Techniques for Simulating Josephson Junction Arrays ................................
Efficient 3-D Interconnect Analysis .......................................
Techniques for Logic Synthesis, Formal Verification and Testing .................................
227
Computer-Integrated Design and Manufacture of Integrated Circuits ...................
247
22 9
238
239
239
240
240
241
241
242
Professor Donald E. Troxel
2 .1
2.2
2.3
viii
Intro d u ctio n ....................................................................
Principal Objectives ............................................................
Principal Accomplishments ........................
RLE Progress Report Number 135
247
248
................. 248
.............................
....
Table of Contents
2.4
2.5
2.6
Section 2
Chapter 1
Process Flow Representatation ........................................
250
Technology C A D Fram ew ork .............................................................................................
251
Publications ............................ ............................................
................
.............
........ 252
Digital Signal Processing
Digital Signal Processing Research Program
255
.....................................
Professor Alan V. Oppenheim, Professor Arthur B. Baggeroer, Professor Gregory W.
Wornell
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
Chapter 2
Introduction .............................
....... . .... ....
.. .......
..........
..... . 255
Oceanographic Signal Processing .......................................
256
Segmentation of Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Using
Markov Random Field Techniques ..................................................... 256
Signal Synthesis from Marine Mammal Communications .......................
257
Analysis, Synthesis, and Applications of Synchronized Chaotic Systems ..................... 257
High-Resolution Direction Finding for Multidimensional Scenarios ................................ 258
Signal Processing Applications of Chaotic Dynamical Systems .................................... 258
Wavelet-Based Representation and Algorithms for Generalized
F racta l S ig na ls ..........................................
...........................
..
.................. 2 5 9
Acoustic Tomography through Matched Field Processing .......................
..............
259
Binary Data Transmission and Detection with Chaotic Signals ..................................... 260
Real-Time Active Noise Cancellation ..............................................
260
State and Parameter Estimation with Chaotic Systems .....................................
261
Nonlinear Models for Signal Processing .................... ....................
261
Model-Based Analysis of Music ........................................
262
Active Noise Cancellation .............................................
262
Advanced Television and Signal Processing Program .....................................
263
Professor Jae S. Lim
2 .1
2.2
2.3
Chapter 3
Intro d u ctio n ..................................................................................................................
Advanced Television Research Program ............................................
Speech Signal Processing ......
.......................................
2 63
263
267
Combined Source and Channel Coding for High-Definition Television .................
269
Professor William F. Schreiber
3 .1
P roject D escriptio n ...................................................................................
PART IV
BIOELECTRONICS
Section 1
Genetic Analysis
Chapter 1
Genosensor Technology Development .....................................
.................... 269
275
Dr. Mark Hollis
1.1
1.2
1.3
Introduction ...............................................
......... 275
Development of Genosensor Arrays for DNA Decoding .....................................
275
Microdetection Technology for Automated DNA Sequencing ........................................ 276
Table of Contents
PART V
LANGUAGE, SPEECH AND HEARING
Section 1
Speech Communication
Chapter 1
Speech Communication ........................................
281
Professor Kenneth N. Stevens, Dr. Joseph S. Perkell, Dr. Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
Section 2
Chapter 1
.... ............... 282
Introduction ...........................................
...........282
Speech Production Planning ................................
283
Studies of Speech Production ..................................................
Speech Research Related to Special Populations ......................................................... 284
287
Models for Lexical Representation and Lexical Access .........................
Studies of the Acoustics, Perception, and Modeling of Speech Sounds ....................... 287
Development of Computer and Data Processing Facilities ......................................... 288
................. ...... 288
Publications .......................................
Sensory Communication
Sensory Communication ......................................
293
Professor Louis D. Braida, Nathaniel I. Durlach, Dr. William M. Rabinowitz,
Dr. Charlotte M. Reed, Dr. Mandayam A. Srinivasan, Dr. Patrick M. Zurek
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
Section 3
Chapter 1
Introduction ..........................................................
...........
Hearing Aid Research .........................................
Multimicrophone Hearing Aids ..........................................................
.................................................
Cochlear Prostheses
B in a u ra l He a ring ................................................................................................................
Clinical Applications of Binaural Hearing .................... ....................
...........
Tactile Communication of Speech .......................................
..........................
Interfaces
Human-Machine
Improved
for
Localization
Super-Auditory
Research on Reduced-Capability Human Hands ...........................................................
Mechanistic Modeling of Primate Fingerpad ...........................................
Biomechanics of Skin-Object Contact .....................................
Human and Robot Hands: Mechanics, Sensorimotor Functions and Cognition ............
.....................
Publications .............................................
293
293
302
303
3 04
304
304
306
307
309
311
313
314
Auditory Physiology
Signal Transmission in the Auditory System .....................................
319
Professor Lawrence S. Frishkopf, Professor Nelson Y.S. Kiang, Professor William T.
Peake, Professor William M. Siebert, Professor Thomas F. Weiss, Dr. Bertrand Delgutte,
Dr. Donald K. Eddington, Dr. Dennis M. Freeman, Dr. John J. Guinan, Jr., Dr. John J.
Rosowski
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
x
..................
... ................................
Intro d u ctio n ...................... ..........
Signal Transmission in the External and Middle Ear ........................................
..............
Cochlear Mechanism s .....................................
Electrical Stimulation of the Auditory Nerve ..............................................
Interactions of Middle-Ear Muscles and Olivocochlear Efferents ...................................
.....................
Cochlear Efferent System .............................
C ochlea r Im plants ................................................................................... .....................
RLE Progress Report Number 135
3 19
319
321
324
324
325
326
Table of Contents
Linguistics
Section 4
Chapter 1
Linguistics ........................................................................................................................
331
Professor Noam Chomsky, Professor Morris Halle
In tro d u ctio n ................................................................................................
Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations .......................................
................... 3 3 1
331
APPENDICES
Appendix A
RLE Publications and Papers Presented ........................................
................
339
Meeting P apers ............................................................
Jo u rna l A rticles ...........................................................
Books/C hapters in Books .......................................................................
R LE Publications ............................................................
R LE T h e s e s ..................................................................................
Misce lla neo us ..............................................................
339
350
360
361
362
364
Appendix B
Current RLE Personnel ........................................
365
Appendix C
Milestones .........................................................................................................................
371
New Faculty and Staff
..............................................
P ro m o tio n s ...........................................................................
. .................. ...................
Chair Appointments
................................................
Awards and Honors ...................................................................................................
371
371
371
371
RLE Research Support Index ........................................
373
A. 1
A.2
A.3
A.4
A.5
A.6
C.1
C.2
C.3
C.4
Appendix D
Project Staff and Subject Index
377
xii
RLE Progress Report Number 135