800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Consumer Expenditures
Marketing Bill
Farm Value
1 97
0
1 97
5
1 98
0
1 98
5
1 98
6
1 98
7
1 98
8
1 98
9
1 99
0
1 99
1
1 99
2
1 99
3
1 99
4
1 99
5
1 99
6
1 99
7
1 99
8
1 99
9
2 00
0
2 00
1
2 00
2
2 00
3
Billion $
Distribution of Consumer Food Expenditures
1970 - 2003
Farm value is a measure of the dollar value received by farmers for farm commodities equivalent to food purchased by consumers at food stores
and eating places. Marketing bill is difference in dollars between farm value and consumer expenditures for foods produce on U.S. farms.
Consumer Food Expenditures: At Home vs.
Away from Home, 1963 - 2003
500
At Home
Away from Home
300
200
100
3
1
2 00
9
2 00
7
1 99
5
1 99
3
1 99
1
1 99
9
1 99
7
1 98
5
1 98
3
1 98
1
1 98
9
1 98
7
1 97
5
1 97
3
1 97
1
1 97
9
1 97
7
1 96
5
1 96
1 96
3
0
1 96
Billion $
400
At home includes food purchased primarily at retail food stores. Away from home includes food
purchased at restaurants, fast-food outlets, and other public eating places, and food served in
institutions, such as hospitals, schools, and rest homes.
Farm Value as Share of
Consumer Expenditures
1954 - 2003
40
Percent
35
30
25
20
15
54 57 60 63 66 69 72 75 78 81 84 87 90 93 96 99 02
Farm value component of consumer expenditures for domestically
produced farm foods. Source: ERS/USDA
Food CPI, Prices, and Expenditures: Per capita food expenditures
U.S. per capita food expenditures
Current prices
1988 prices
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
U.S. resident
population, July 1
Millions
158.242
161.164
164.308
167.306
170.371
173.32
177.135
179.979
182.992
185.771
188.483
191.141
193.526
195.576
197.457
199.399
201.385
203.984
206.827
209.284
211.357
213.342
215.465
217.563
219.76
222.095
224.567
227.225
229.466
231.664
233.792
235.825
237.924
240.133
242.289
244.499
246.819
249.623
252.981
256.514
259.919
263.126
266.278
269.394
272.647
275.854
279.04
282.192
285.102
287.941
290.789
293.655
Source: ERS/USDA
At home
293
288
285
288
305
310
304
306
304
303
299
307
318
327
326
339
359
387
401
428
469
526
567
597
635
690
759
828
874
902
939
981
1,009
1,036
1,014
1,070
1,135
1,223
1,259
1,241
1,260
1,300
1,317
1,358
1,401
1,421
1,481
1,483
1,520
1,502
1,535
1,594
Away from
home
Total
At home
- - - - - - - Dollars - - - - - - 96
390
1,042
96
384
1,027
97
382
1,036
100
389
1,046
103
408
1,070
103
413
1,042
106
411
1,048
109
415
1,044
111
415
1,037
116
420
1,027
120
419
1,003
126
433
1,014
135
454
1,025
147
474
1,012
154
480
1,007
168
507
1,018
179
539
1,031
194
581
1,065
204
605
1,081
223
650
1,110
249
718
1,061
272
798
1,029
316
883
1,011
353
950
1,063
386
1,021
1,080
433
1,123
1,065
486
1,245
1,060
529
1,357
1,067
571
1,444
1,052
603
1,505
1,054
645
1,584
1,088
683
1,664
1,102
710
1,718
1,120
757
1,793
1,120
825
1,839
1,063
891
1,961
1,070
940
2,075
1,065
997
2,219
1,079
1,028
2,287
1,081
1,028
2,269
1,047
1,073
2,334
1,012
1,109
2,409
1,041
1,138
2,455
1,024
1,161
2,519
1,018
1,219
2,620
1,009
1,270
2,691
1,000
1,313
2,794
1,024
1,383
2,866
1,000
1,421
2,941
992
1,456
2,958
963
1,515
3,050
954
1,617
3,211
946
Away from
home
Total
508
498
501
506
501
487
488
487
492
499
504
517
545
569
567
587
594
603
605
637
671
645
676
728
742
766
779
772
764
767
786
798
797
818
858
891
898
910
908
890
913
927
930
926
945
960
967
989
995
992
1,010
1,046
1,550
1,524
1,537
1,551
1,571
1,529
1,537
1,532
1,528
1,526
1,506
1,531
1,569
1,581
1,574
1,605
1,625
1,668
1,686
1,747
1,731
1,674
1,687
1,791
1,822
1,831
1,839
1,839
1,815
1,821
1,874
1,900
1,917
1,938
1,922
1,961
1,962
1,988
1,988
1,937
1,925
1,968
1,955
1,944
1,954
1,961
1,991
1,989
1,987
1,955
1,964
1,992
What a Dollar Spent on Food Paid for in 2003
Over a third went for food marketing labor costs.
The marketing bill for U.S.-grown food totaled $604 billion in 2003.
Farm Value
Labor
Packaging
Transportation
$
Energy
Profits
Other
3.5
¢
18.8
38.4
Farm Value
8.0 4.0
4.6
22.6
Marketing Bill
* Other costs includes depreciation, rent, advertising and promotion, interest, taxes,
licenses, insurance, professional services, local for-hire transportation, food service in
schools, colleges, hospitals, and other institutions, and miscellaneous items.
Source: ERS, Food Markets Branch
Number of People Fed Annually
by One Farmer
1940
1950
1960
1970
19
27
46
73
1980
1990
Today
Source: American Farm Bureau Federation, 2002
115
129
144
Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities 1/
Commodities
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
63.6
1999
Lbs.
64.3
Beef
63.5
64.0
62.6
64.5
63.1
64.5
61.9
62.9
Pork
48.4
45.2
44.7
48.2
49.3
47.8
46.9
48.2
48.4
47.8
Chicken
48.2
48.8
50.0
50.4
53.6
54.2
54.0
56.8
57.5
59.2
Turkey
13.9
14.3
13.6
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.8
14.0
13.7
13.4
Fish and Shellfish
14.8
14.5
14.3
14.5
14.8
15.2
14.7
15.6
16.3
16.5
Eggs
29.9
30.1
30.2
30.8
32.2
32.4
32.5
32.8
32.8
33.0
74.0
100.9
31.4
73.0
99.5
32.9
71.0
97.4
33.5
69.5
95.6
33.4
70.1
95.2
32.2
69.2
94.7
29.9
67.2
93.9
28.9
66.5
94.4
27.9
65.5
93.7
26.8
62.7
93.9
26.5
64.2
64.3
63.7
64.2
66.7
82.3
84.0
88.6
88.0
87.5
Fresh Fruit
121.9
125.1
128.4
127.7
128.5
126.5
123.5
124.7
125.6
124.2
Fresh Vegetables
180.9
185.9
190.4
185.7
192.3
198.7
195.7
194.7
199.8
204.6
Flour and Cereal Products
188.5
196.7
197.4
194.0
196.1
199.2
195.0
191.7
193.1
191.5
Caloric Sweeteners
144.1
144.7
147.7
148.9
151.3
148.8
147.0
146.1
141.4
141.0
Milk:
Fluid whole milk
Fluid lower fat milk
Fluid skim milk
Fats and Oils
1/
In pounds, retail weight unless otherwise stated. Consumptio normally represents total supply minus exoprts, nonfood use, and
ending stocks.
Eggs excludes shipments to U.S. territories.
Whole milk includes plain and flavored; lowfat milk includes plain, flavored and buttermilk.
Vegetables and fresh fruits are farm weight.
Flour and cereal products include rye, corn, oat, and barley products.
Caloric sweeteners are dry weight equivalent.
Source: USDA/ERS "Amber Waves", March 2006.
The U.S. Per Capita Food Consumption
Percent Change Between 1995 and 2004
Skim Milk
Whole Milk
Lowfat Milk
Turkey
Caloric Sweeteners
Pork
Beef
-15.61
-15.27
-6.94
-3.60
-2.15
-1.24
-0.94
Flour and Cereal Products
Fresh Fruits
Eggs
Fish and Shellfish
Fresh Vegetables
Chicken
Fats and Oils
-30
-20
-10
0
1.59
1.89
10.37
11.49
13.10
22.82
36.29
10
Percent
20
30
40
Table 39—Per Capita Consumption of Major Food Commodities
Red meats 2 3 4
Beef
Veal
Lamb & mutton
Pork
Poultry 2 3 4
Chicken
Turkey
Fish and shellfish 3
Eggs 4
Dairy products
Cheese (excluding cottage) 2 5
American
Italian
Other cheeses 6
Cottage cheese
Beverage milks 2
Fluid whole milk 7
Fluid lower fat milk 8
Fluid skim milk
Fluid cream products 9
Yogurt (excluding frozen)
Ice cream
Lowfat ice cream 10
Frozen yogurt
All dairy products, milk
equivalent, milkfat basis 11
Fats and oils--total fat content
Butter and margarine (product weight)
Shortening
Lard and edible tallow (direct use)
Salad and cooking oils
Fruits and vegetables 12
Fruit
Fresh fruits
Canned fruit
Dried fruit
Frozen fruit
Selected fruit juices
Vegetables
Fresh
Canning
Freezing
Dehydrated and chips
Pulses
Peanuts (shelled)
Tree nuts (shelled)
Flour and cereal products 13
Wheat flour
Rice (milled basis)
Caloric sweeteners 14
Coffee (green bean equiv.)
Cocoa (chocolate liquor equiv.)
1
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
113.2
63.6
0.7
0.9
48.2
64.3
50.4
13.9
14.5
30.8
1999
Lbs.
115.1
64.3
0.6
0.8
49.3
67.4
53.6
13.8
14.8
32.2
113.6
63.5
0.8
0.9
48.4
62.1
48.2
13.9
14.8
29.9
111.0
64.0
1.0
0.8
45.2
63.1
48.8
14.3
14.5
30.1
109.0
62.6
0.8
0.8
44.7
63.6
50.0
13.6
14.3
30.2
113.7
64.5
0.5
0.8
47.8
67.9
54.2
13.7
15.2
32.4
111.4
63.1
0.5
0.8
46.9
67.8
54.0
13.8
14.7
32.5
114.0
64.5
0.5
0.9
48.2
70.7
56.8
14.0
15.6
32.8
111.6
61.9
0.5
0.8
48.4
71.2
57.5
13.7
16.3
32.8
112.0
62.9
0.4
0.8
47.8
72.7
59.2
13.4
16.5
33.0
26.9
11.7
10.3
5.0
2.7
206.3
74.0
100.9
31.4
8.3
6.2
15.5
7.4
3.4
27.3
11.8
10.6
4.9
2.6
205.4
73.0
99.5
32.9
8.5
5.9
15.6
7.5
2.5
27.5
11.8
10.8
4.9
2.6
201.9
71.0
97.4
33.5
8.8
5.8
16.1
7.8
2.0
27.8
11.9
11.1
4.7
2.7
198.5
69.5
95.6
33.4
8.9
5.9
16.3
8.1
2.1
29.0
12.6
11.6
4.8
2.6
197.6
70.1
95.2
32.2
9.4
6.2
16.7
7.5
1.9
29.8
12.7
12.1
5.0
2.6
193.8
69.2
94.7
29.9
9.8
6.5
16.7
7.3
2.0
30.0
12.8
12.4
4.8
2.6
189.9
67.2
93.9
28.9
10.7
7.0
16.3
7.3
1.5
30.5
12.8
12.5
5.2
2.6
188.8
66.5
94.4
27.9
10.5
7.4
16.7
6.5
1.5
30.5
12.5
12.6
5.3
2.7
186.0
65.5
93.7
26.8
11.8
8.2
16.3
7.5
1.4
31.3
12.9
12.9
5.5
2.6
183.1
62.7
93.9
26.5
12.5
9.2
15.4
7.8
1.8
576.2
64.2
13.5
22.2
3.1
26.5
690.9
283.3
121.9
17.5
12.8
5.2
125.7
407.6
180.9
108.5
78.8
30.9
8.4
5.7
1.9
188.5
140.0
16.9
144.1
7.9
3.6
566.2
64.3
13.3
21.9
3.5
27.0
703.3
285.3
125.1
18.7
11.2
4.7
125.4
418.0
185.9
106.7
83.3
33.9
8.1
5.7
2.1
196.7
146.4
18.0
144.7
8.7
4.2
567.2
63.7
12.5
20.5
2.9
29.2
708.8
292.5
128.4
20.3
10.7
4.3
128.3
416.3
190.4
105.7
80.0
31.9
8.3
5.9
2.2
197.4
146.8
18.2
147.7
9.1
4.0
572.2
64.2
12.6
20.5
3.8
28.4
695.5
283.4
127.7
17.2
12.2
4.5
121.5
412.1
185.7
105.6
80.3
32.4
8.1
5.9
2.3
194.0
143.0
18.0
148.9
9.3
4.3
584.1
66.7
12.6
21.1
4.2
29.8
704.3
289.1
128.5
19.4
10.3
5.0
125.5
415.2
192.3
103.1
80.8
30.5
8.4
6.1
2.8
196.1
144.0
18.6
151.3
9.8
4.5
592.2
82.3
12.0
31.6
4.8
34.8
709.5
286.5
126.5
17.7
10.5
4.2
127.2
423.0
198.7
103.4
79.3
33.2
8.5
5.9
2.6
199.2
146.3
18.9
148.8
10.3
4.7
586.5
84.0
11.4
32.6
4.2
36.5
682.8
270.5
123.5
17.8
10.3
7.0
111.5
412.3
195.7
96.9
78.6
33.4
7.8
5.9
2.9
195.0
141.0
19.3
147.0
9.5
4.5
585.4
88.6
11.0
33.3
4.7
40.3
683.1
271.3
124.7
16.9
10.5
4.1
114.9
411.8
194.7
100.5
76.7
32.3
7.5
5.9
3.2
191.7
136.8
19.5
146.1
9.2
3.9
588.8
88.0
9.8
32.8
5.1
40.8
701.2
279.4
125.6
17.4
10.2
5.4
120.4
421.8
199.8
101.7
78.3
34.6
7.3
6.4
3.5
193.1
136.7
20.3
141.4
9.5
4.2
591.8
87.5
9.9
32.6
4.7
40.8
691.4
268.5
124.2
15.8
9.8
5.0
113.4
422.8
204.6
102.4
77.6
31.5
6.7
6.7
3.6
191.5
134.3
20.4
141.0
9.6
4.8
-- = Not available. 1. In pounds, retail weight unless otherwise stated. Consumption normally represents total supply minus exports, nonfood use, and
ending stocks. Calendar-year data, except fresh citrus fruits, peanuts, tree nuts, and rice, which are on crop-year basis. 2. Totals may not add due to
rounding. 3. Boneless, trimmed weight. 4. Excludes shipments to the U.S. territories. 5. Whole and part-skim milk cheese. Natural equivalent of
cheese and cheese products. 6. Includes Swiss, Brick, Muenster, cream, Neufchatel, Blue, Gorgonzola, Edam, and Gouda. 7. Plain and flavored
8. Plain and flavored, and buttermilk. 9. Heavy cream, light cream, half and half, eggnog, sour cream, and dip. 10. Formerly known as ice milk.
11. Includes condensed and evaporated milk and dry milk products. 12. Farm weight. 13. Includes rye, corn, oats, and barley products. Excludes
quantities used in alcoholic beverages, corn sweeteners, and fuel. 14. Dry weight equivalent.
Information contact: Hodan Farah (202) 694-5578
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
03
04
Pounds
Per Capita Consumption of Meat, Poultry, and
Fish Boneless, Trimmed, Equivalent, 1970 - 2004
Red Meat
Poultry
Fish/Shellfish