PHARMACEUTICAL MATERIALS
MANAGEMENT
Contents
2
Introduction
Purchasing
Raw Materials
Packaging Materials
Waste materials
Introduction
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Definition:
It is defined as an organizational concept, which
has the authority and responsibility of all
activities, concerned with the flow of materials in
the organization.
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 Materials Management is simply the process by
which an organization is supplied with the Goods
and Services that it needs to achieve its
objectives of buying, storage and movement of
materials.
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Objectives of Materials Management:
 Efficient materials planning.
 Buying or Purchasing.
 Supply and distribution of materials.
 Good supplier and customer relationship.
 Improved departmental efficiency.
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 Efficient production scheduling.
 To take or make decisions.
 Quality control of purchased materials.
 Material handling.
 Developing skills of workers in materials
management.
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Functions of Materials Management:
 Purchasing the required materials.
 Receipts and inspections of materials.
 Storage, warehousing securities and preservation.
 Distribution of materials.
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 Disposal of over stock, scrap and salvage of
materials.
 Material cost control and cost reduction.
 Co-ordination and co-operation with the other
departments.
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Types of Materials
Purchased
materials.
Work in
process
(WIP)
materials.
Finished
goods.
Purchasing
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1.Centralized :- The purchasing procedure of materials
for different department is done together from one
purchasing department. This is seen in small
organizations.
 Advantages
 Efficient system.
 Bargaining capabilities increased.
 Good raw material obtained at lower price.
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2.Decentralized:-
Different department purchase
their requirement separately. This is basically seen in
large organizations.
 Advantages
 Flexible purchasing system.
 Procurement is faster.
Vendor development
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 The supplier or the person who sells the required
materials or services for the production is known
as a vendor.
 The purchase of raw materials/service from a
specific vendor is known as the vendor
development.
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Four stages of
vendor development
Survey stage
Enquiry stage
Negotiations and
selection stage
Experience and evaluation
stage
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1) Survey stage
 Trade directories :- e.g.
Yellowpages.eindiabusiness.com
 Trade journals:- e.g. Pharmatimes
 Telephone directories
 Salesmen
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2) Enquiry stage
After getting the information of the suppliers, detailed
analysis of the supplier is being carried out.
a.
Technological competition,
b.
Service competition,
c.
Price competition,
d.
Delivery time
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 The following aspects can be verified by the first hand
visit: Internal facilities of the vendor.
 Financial adequacy, stability and reputation of the
vendor.
 Location of vendor’s factory.
 After sales service.
 Industrial relations.
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3) Negotiation and selection stage
4) Experience and evaluation stage
 The buyer evaluates and appraises the performance of
the vendor.
 The objective is to improve the performance of the
vendors.
How is the purchasing done??
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Tenders:It is a written letter or a published
document that is aimed at finding the price for
procuring certain materials.
Tenders are invited from recognized firms. A few
types of tenders are:
1. Single tender
2. Open tender
3. Closed tender or limited tender
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Discounts:- They are cash concessions offered by the
vendor to the buyer, in order to enhance the volume of
the business opportunities.
Reasons for offering discounts??
! When there is a bulk purchase.
! When the bills are cleared immediately.
! And also to maintain the good relation with
the buyer.
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Types of discounts:
1.
Volume contracts.
2.
Cash discount.
3.
Cumulative discount.
Raw Materials
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 Pharmaceutical raw materials comprise substrates or
elements that are used for manufacturing different types
of drugs.
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Important Points :
 Approved manufacturer or packer.
 Raw material checked for following things:
1. Name of manufacturer /supplier
2. Name of product
3. Batch numbers
4. Mfg. and expiry date
5. Condition of containers and materials
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 All material should be identified with their status.
 Material in storage area should appropriately labeled ,It
bears information :
1. Name and internal code of product
2. Batch number
3. Status of material
4. Expiry date of product
5. Storage condition
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 Material should be released by only Q.C. department.
 All dispensed materials must be recorded in register.
Documents required:
1. SOP of storage and handling of raw materials.
2. Register of storage and handling of raw material.
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Storage of Raw Materials:
 Q.C. Inspector will check that Raw Material is placed
on the neat and cleaned iron pallets or in wracks.
 Separate areas has been developed and maintained.
 Quarantined Area must have yellow boundaries while
non-conforming area red boundaries.
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Handling of Raw Materials:
 Coat, cap, gloves and mask are being used.
 Metallic spatula, spoon are used to handle small
quantities of solids.
 Drums, containers, bags etc. containing materials are
handled using loaders, lifters and trolleys.
Packaging Materials
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 Packaging is defined as the collection of different
components which surround the pharmaceutical
product until its use.
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Types of packaging materials
• Primary packaging material
• Secondary packaging material
• Tertiary packaging material
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Plastic
packaging
material made
from
Metal
Glass
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1.Plastic
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
 Light in weight.
 Can not with stand heat.
 Poor conductor of heat.
 Permeable to water vapor
 Sufficient mechanical
strength.
 Unbreakable.
 Transported easily.
and atmospheric gases.
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2.Metal
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
 They are sturdy.
 They are expensive.
 Impermeable to light.
 They can react with
 Labels can be printed
directly on to their
surface.
pharmaceutical products.
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3. Glass
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
 Cheaper.
 Glass is fragile.
 Transparent.
 Glass containers are
 Good protection power.
 Easily labeled .
heavy .
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Importance of packaging:
• Protect against all adverse external influences
that can alter the properties of the product.
• Protect against biological contamination.
• Protect against physical damage.
• Carry the correct information and identification
of the product.
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Important Points:
1. Printed packaging material stored in lock and key
system.
2. Each primary packaging material should given
specific reference number and identification marks.
3. Outdated packaging material should be destroyed by
suitable method and record should be maintained.
Waste materials
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Waste material
classified in two
types
Trash
Scrap
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Important Points:
 Provision should be made for safety and storage of
waste.
 It should collect in suitable container.
 Solvent drums should washed before disposal.
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Before disposal waste should
classified in
Paper
Aluminum
Foils
Plastic
Glass
Metallic
containers
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Disposal methods
Return to donor
or manufacturer
Landfill
Waste
immobilization
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Sewer
Burning in
open containers
Advantages of materials management
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 It eliminates unproductive handling of the materials.
 It reduces idle machine capacity and thus ensures better
turnover on investment.
 It reduces considerably the idle time of the workers.
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 The quality of the materials is also maintained through
minimum human touches, elimination of breakages, etc.
 Every inch of the factory space is properly utilized.
 The issue of materials is also facilitated.
 It helps in maintaining effective production planning
and control.
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 Reduced operating costs and timely production.
 Greater job satisfaction on the part of both the workers
and the employer.
References
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1. “Pharmaceutical quality assurance,” by prof. Manohar
A. Potdar,nirali prakashan ,page no. 4.1-4.8
2. Concepts of Pharmaceutical Packaging Material
Submitted By vivek chauhan Department of Pharmacy
NKBR College of Pharmacy and Research Centre. .
3.
WHO. Prüss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P, editors.
Management of wastes from health care activities.
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