• The Earth is divided into three layers…
• The crust, mantle, and the core based on what each one is made up of.
• The lightest materials make up the outer layer, the densest materials make up the inner layers.

Composition (What it is made of)

• Outer layer
• 5-100 km thick
• 2 types of crust
–Oceanic
Composed of basalt (rock)
–Continental composed of granite (rock)

Oceanic vs. Continental Crust
• Composition: basalt • Composition:
(rock)
• 5-10 km thick
• Temperature= water temperature to 870 °C
Composed of Basalt granite (Rock)
• average thickness of 40 km.
• Temperature= air temperature to
870 °C
Composed of Granite

• Density = Mass / Volume

• Composed of mostly of iron and magnesium
• Thickness: 1800-2900 km thick
• State of matter: upper mantle is solid, lower mantle is liquid
• Temp =870-3700°C
• Density= more dense than the crust

• It is made up mostly of iron and magnesium, which is very dense.
The mantle acts like silly putty or laffy taffy.
• The density ranges from 3.4-4.4 g/cm 3
• Temperature=870-3700°C
• Lots of Pressure!

• It is composed of liquid iron and nickel, which causes Earth’s magnetic field.
• It is 2,270 km thick
• It is a liquid
• Temp: Up to 6,000°C
• Density=more dense than the mantle

• Composed of iron and nickel
• 1216 kilometers thick
• Solid (Due to Pressure)
• Temperature=6,000-
7200 °C Hotter than the
Sun!!
• Density most dense layer of them all

• How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg?
• Shell=crust
• Egg white=mantle
• Yolk=core

• 1 . What is the difference between continental and oceanic crust?
• 2. Which layer is the hottest?
• 3. Arrange Earth’s layers from hottest to coolest.
• 4. What layer is the least dense?
• 5. A drilling rig can dig down 6 kilometers. What layer of Earth would you more than likely be in?

Physical Structure of the Earth
(5 Layers)
• Lithosphere - crust and rigid outer layer of mantle (upper mantle)
• Asthenosphere - solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt, apart of mantle)
• Mesosphere -The strong, lower part of the mantle.
• Outer Coreliquid layer
• Inner Coresolid, very dense

• Earth’s crust is broken into about 19 pieces
• These plates move on top of the asthenosphere