Bell Work
04/07/15
• Wait for the Emancipation
Proclamation bell work page.
Complete it and turn it in to me.
Many women took an interest in the war effort. Women
on both sides worked as nurses. Dorothea Dix helped
reform prisons and mental hospitals.
Clara Barton earned fame as a Civil War nurse and
founder of the American Red Cross.
Dorothea Dix
Clara Barton
Women in the War
• With many men gone to
war, women took jobs in
industry and on farms.
• Women’s aid societies
helped supply the troops
with food, bedding,
clothing, and medicine.
• Women held fundraisers
to pay for war supplies.
Women in the War
• Sojourner Truth worked
in Union hospitals.
• Sally Tompkins set up a
Confederate hospital.
The
War
Ends
The War Ends
• Why were the Union victories at
Vicksburg and Gettysburg important?
• What plan did Grant have for ending
the war with the South?
• After his reelection, what hopes did
Lincoln have for the Union?
• Why was the Civil War a major turning
point in American history?
The Union Victory at Gettysburg
Date
Battle
What Happened
Results
June 30 to July
2, 1863
Battle of
Gettysburg
Lee surprised Union forces at
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. On
the first day of battle, the
Confederates drove the Union
forces out of Gettysburg. On the
second day, Lee’s forces
attacked the ends of the Union
line, but the line held. On the
third day, Lee ordered General
George Pickett to lead 15,000
men in a daring charge against
the center of the Union line. The
last attack led by Pickett is
known as Pickett’s Charge. Row
after row of Confederate soldiers
were shot down.
Lee’s forces had to
retreat. The
Confederates would
never invade the North
again.
Gettysburg
• Lincoln returns to the site a year later
to commemorate a cemetery for the
dead soldiers. It is visited by millions
every year.
The Gettysburg Address
“We here highly resolve that these dead
shall not have died in vain—that this
nation, under God, shall have a new
birth of freedom—and that government
of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth.”
—Abraham Lincoln,
Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863
Battle of Vicksburg
Vicksburg, Mississippi, May 22 to July 4, 1863
Grant’s forces tried repeatedly to seize Vicksburg,
located on a cliff above the Mississippi River.
Finally, he marched inland and attacked Vicksburg
from the rear. Grant’s forces lay siege to the city, and
after 6 weeks, the Confederates surrender
Finally, the Confederates
surrendered the city, giving the
Union forces complete control of
the Mississippi River.
Grant’s Plan for Ending the War
• Destroy the South’s ability to fight by
waging total war, a kind of warfare in which
an army destroys everything that might be
useful to the enemy, such as food and
equipment.
• Grant sent General Philip Sheridan and his
cavalry into the rich farmland of Virginia’s
Shenandoah Valley. Sheridan destroyed
farms, livestock, and barns filled with
grain.
Grant’s Plan for Ending the War
• Grant ordered General William Tecumseh
Sherman to capture Atlanta, Georgia, then
march to the Atlantic coast. Sherman
burned a large part of Atlanta. Then,
Sherman’s army began its “march to the
sea,” destroying everything in its path—
railroad tracks, livestock, fields, barns,
homes, bridges, and factories.
Lincoln’s Hopes for the Union
“With malice toward none, with charity
for all . . . let us strive . . . to bind up the
nation’s wounds . . . to do all which may
achieve a just and a lasting peace
among ourselves and with all nations.”
—Abraham Lincoln,
Second Inaugural Address
The Civil War Ends
Lee and his army were trapped by Union
troops at the small Virginia town of
Appomattox Court House. He knew his
troops would be slaughtered if he kept
fighting. On April 9, 1865, Lee surrendered
to Grant.
The Civil War Ends
Grant offered generous terms of
surrender.
– Soldiers were required to turn over their rifles,
but officers were allowed to keep their pistols.
– Soldiers who had horses could keep them.
– Grant ordered that “each officer and man will be
allowed to return to his home, not to be
disturbed by the United States authorities.”
The Civil War—A Turning Point in
American History
• The toll of the Civil War was immense. To this day
no war has resulted in more American deaths. The
economic cost of the Civil War was huge—more
than 11 times the entire amount spent by the
federal government between 1789 and 1861.
• The balance of power was changed. The
Democratic party lost its influence. The
Republican party grew stronger.
The Civil War—A Turning Point in
American History
• No longer would Americans speak of the nation as
a confederation of states. People began to think of
the United States as one nation, instead of many
states.
• The power of the federal government grew.
• The war put an end to slavery in the United States.
Millions of African Americans gained their
freedom.
• Other Americans began to think about what it
meant to be free and equal.
• Lincoln issues the
Emancipation
Proclamation
• Northern economy
booms
• South loses its
cotton trade with
Britain
• Total war destroys
the South’s
economy
• Hundreds of
thousands of
Americans killed
Effects Today
Effects
• Issue of slavery in
the territories
divides the North
and South
• Abolitionists want
slavery to end
• South fears it will
lose power in the
national government
• Southern states
secede after
Lincoln’s election
• Confederates
bombard Fort
Sumter
The Civil War
Causes
The Civil War
• Disagreements over
states’ rights persist
• African Americans
have equal
protection under the
Constitution
• Millions of
Americans visit Civil
War battlefields
each year
5 days later…