Physical Science – Fold-Over Review Sheet
This contains the highlights of the terms, people, etc. that we discussed. Make sure you can identify
and explain these items in a little more detail for the test! Know these both ways.
Democritus
First to believe matter made of atoms (atomos)
Aristotle
Matter made of four elements (fire, air, earth and water)
Used by Church for nearly 1500 yrs.
Experiment to gain knowledge
Gases made of corpuscles (atoms) w/ spaces
J. Dalton
Atomic Theory
-All elements made of atoms
-All elements of same kind have same atoms
-Reactions are changing, etc. of atoms
Conservation of Matter
W. Crookes
Used CRT to find electrons
JJ Thompson
Determined charge on electron to be negative(magnets on CRT)
Plum Pudding Model of Atom
R. Millikan
Mass and charge amount of electron
Oil Drop Experiment
E. Rutherford
Gold Foil Experiment
Used alpha radiation (a He nucleus) to find protons
Beta and gamma radiation
J. Chadwick
Found neutron (no charge)
N. Bohr
Atoms give off certain colors/wavelengths of light
Planetary Model of Atom
Einstein
Brownian Motion – atoms shown to exist by hitting pollen
Photoelectric Effect – light is wave or photon
Light (photon) is a packet of energy w/ no mass
E. Schrodinger
Electrons at speed of light
Electron Cloud Model
W. Heisenberg
Uncertainty Principle – never certain of election place
Light used to see electrons makes them move
P. Dirac
Anti-matter
L. De Broglie
Electron a wave and particle too
Four Forces
Strong
Holds nucleus together with gluons
Weak
Hold each neutron and proton together (quarks) w/ bosons
EMF
Holds nucleus to electrons - photons
Gravity
No one knows – maybe a graviton
Standard Model of Atom
Includes subatomic particles (260+)
Developed from Quantum Theory
All matter made of Fermion particles
Baryonic Matter made of quarks (Hadrons -3; Mesons – 2)
Non-Baryonic includes leptons (electrons)
Quarks
Make up Baryons
3 in proton and 3 in neutron
2 in Mesons
6 Types – up, down, top, bottom, charm, strange