A.P. Psychology: Unit I Test Review Sheet
Name_____________________
Mrs. Bird
BE ABLE TO ACCOMPLISH ALL THE LEARNING OBJECTIVES LISTED BELOW:
I. HISTORY AND APPROACHES
A. Recognize how philosophical perspectives shaped the development of psychological thought.
B. Describe and compare different theoretical approaches in explaining behavior:
a.
Structuralism, functionalism, and behaviorism in the early years;
b.
Gestalt, psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, and humanism emerging later;
b.
Evolutionary, biological, and cognitive as more contemporary approaches.
C. Recognize the strengths and limitations of applying theories to explain behavior.
D. Distinguish the different domains of psychology:
a.
Biological, clinical, cognitive, counseling, developmental, educational, experimental, human factors, industrial–organizational, personality,
psychometric, and social.
E. Identify the major historical figures in psychology
a. Mary Whiton Calkins, Charles Darwin, Dorothea Dix, Sigmund Freud, G. Stanley Hall, William James, Ivan Pavlov, Jean Piaget, Carl
Rogers, B. F. Skinner, Margaret Floy Washburn, John B. Watson, Wilhelm Wundt.
II. RESEARCH METHODS AND ETHICS ____________days/_______________% on AP Test
A. Differentiate types of research
a.
Experiments, correlational studies, survey research, naturalistic observations, and case studies) with regard to purpose, strengths, and
weaknesses.
B. Describe how research design drives the reasonable conclusions that can be drawn
a.
Experiments are useful for determining cause and effect; the use of experimental controls reduces alternative explanations.
C. Identify independent, dependent, confounding, and control variables in experimental designs.
D. Distinguish between random assignment of participants to conditions in experiments and random selection of participants, primarily in correlational studies
and surveys.
E. Predict the validity of behavioral explanations based on the quality of research design
a. Confounding variables limit confidence in research conclusions.
F. Distinguish the purposes of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.
G. Apply basic descriptive statistical concepts, including interpreting and constructing graphs and calculating simple descriptive statistics
a. Measures of central tendency, standard deviation.
H. Discuss the value of reliance on operational definitions and measurement in behavioral research.
I. Identify how ethical issues inform and constrain research practices.
J. Describe how ethical and legal guidelines
a.
Those provided by the American Psychological Association, federal regulations, local institutional review boards
b.
Protect research participants and promote sound ethical practice.
III. BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
A. Explore the range of techniques used to learn about brain function.
B. Explain the structure and functioning of a neuron.
C. Explain the transmission of a nerve impulse and the functions of the neurotransmitters.
D. Describe the organization of the nervous system into the central and peripheral nervous system.
E. Discuss the major structures of the brain and their functions.
F. Differentiate the abilities of the two hemispheres of the cerebral cortex.
G. Explore the interrelationship of the nervous system and the endocrine system.
___________________________________________________________________________________________
1. Explain the difference between longitudinal research studies and cross-sectional research studies, as well as the advantages and
disadvantages of each.
2. Explain what meta-analysis is as well as the advantage it adds to psychological research.
3. What is Gestalt Psychology?
4. What is standard deviation and what role does is serve in psychological research.
5. List four high-profile research studies conducted in Psychology in the 20 th century that alerted the APA, and ultimately caused them to
tighten ethical guidelines for research.
6. List 4 of the many ethical guidelines the APA promotes the use of in psychological research.
7. Explain how you determine if a frequency polygon is negatively skewed or positively skewed.
8. What is the highest possible correlation coefficient?
9. What is the purpose of a scatterplot? Explain what one looks like.
10. Explain how to factor mean, median, mode and range.
11. What are the functions of the
12. List the functions of each lobe:
Frontal-
left hemisphere
&
the right hemisphere?
Parietal-
Occipital-
Temporal-
13. Be able to match key psychologists to their approach. List the name of, definitions of each, and the key people associated with all of
the 7 modern approaches.
14. Explain what both structionalism and functionalism are, as well as who started each.
15. What is Broca’s aphasia and Wernicke’s aphasia, be sure to explain the difference between them.
16. What lobe is the Broca’s area located in?
17. Be able to label a neuron and explain how a neural impulse works.
18. What is the difference between neuron and a nerve?
19. What is the resting charge of a neuron?
20. What is the function of the pituitary gland?
21. What is the function of the cerebellum?
22. What is the function of the hypothalamus?
23. What is a neurotransmitter?
What lobe is the Wernicke’s area located in?
24. Be able to explain the breakdown of the Nervous System. In addition, be able to explain what each of the systems is responsible for.
25. What is the most common nervous system neurotransmitter to cause muscle contraction?
26. Explain the difference between an independent variable and dependent variable.
27. Explain the difference between a control and experimental group.
28. What is the significance of utilizing random assignments in an experiment, as well as the significance of the incorporation of the
double-blind technique?