US HISTORY
Chapter 11
Growth & Expansion
1790-1840
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Industrial Revolution
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Began in Great Britain
in mid-1700s in the
textile (cloth) industry
Britain made huge
profits
Parliament passed laws
making it illegal for any
machines, machine
plans, or skilled workers
to leave Britain
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Industrial Revolution
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1789 – Samuel Slater
(an apprentice in British
mill) memorizes plans
of the mill & travels in
disguise to America
Slater rebuilds his mill
from memory in
Pawtucket, RI
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Rise of Factories

Francis Cabot Lowell
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Built an improved version
of Slater’s mill in MA
Mill made thread AND
wove the thread into
cloth
Start of the factory
system  all
manufacturing steps
combined in one location
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Factory Conditions
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Many women & children
employed
Long hours (12-14 hrs/day, 6
days/week) & low wages
Poor working conditions –
bad lighting, poor
ventilation, unsafe
machinery
Led to the formation of the
first labor unions
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Free Enterprise
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US has a “capitalist”
economic system
This helped boost industrial
growth (and helps businesses
today)
Capitalism – individuals &
businesses own property and
decide how to use it
People/businesses control
the “capital”
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Free Enterprise

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Free enterprise – a type of
economy in which people
are free to buy, sell, and
produce whatever they
want
Major elements include
economic freedom, profit,
private property, and
competition
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Growth of Agriculture
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Most Americans still lived and worked on farms
Agriculture moved west into the region north of the
Ohio River
In the South, cotton production rose sharply
Textile factories increased demand for cotton
From 1790 to 1820, cotton production went from
3,000 to 300,000 bales per year
Increased demand for slaves as well
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Growth of
Corporations
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Corporation – type of
business that has many
owners
Companies sell shares
of stock to raise capital
Large corporations
began to appear during
this time which helped
drive industrialization
Lesson 1 – A Growing Economy

Growth of Cities

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Many cities developed
along rivers because of
transportation, shipping,
& water power for
factories
Cities were often dirty &
dangerous  no sewers,
animals roamed freely,
and disease & fires were
a constant threat
Lesson 2 – Moving West

Daniel Boone
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1769 – explored a Native
American trail through the
Appalachian Mtns. called
Warriors’ Path
This led Boone through a break in
the mountains – Cumberland Gap
Cumberland Gap opened into
Kentucky
More than 100,000 people used
the Cumberland Gap b/w 17751790
Lesson 2 – Moving West

Roads and Turnpikes
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Turnpikes – toll roads
built by private
companies
National Road – (1806)
built by the national
govt., MD to IL
through IN, presentday US 40
Lesson 2 – Moving West

Rivers & Canals

Robert Fulton –
developed the first
largescale steamboat
(named the Clermont)
 was able to travel
from NYC to Albany,
NY in 32
hours...previously, the
trip would take 4 days
Lesson 2 – Moving West

Rivers & Canals
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Canal – artificial
waterway connecting
two larger bodies of
water
Erie Canal – built in
NY...connected Lake Erie
to the Hudson River to
the Atlantic Ocean
Wabash & Erie Canal connected Evansville to
Lake Erie (sign on I-64)
Lesson 2 – Moving West

Rivers & Canals

Locks
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

Era of Good Feelings
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Occurred during the
presidency of James
Monroe (post-War of
1812 through the early
1820s)
Time in the nation when
everyone seemed to get
along  support for the
govt. was very high
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

American System
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Proposal by House
Speaker Henry Clay to
help the US grow
Included higher tariffs, a
new Bank of the United
States, and internal
improvements
Not all Americans
agreed with the
plan…led to sectionalism
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

Sectionalism
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Sectionalism – loyalty to a
particular region, or section, of
the country
John C. Calhoun – (SC) became
a strong opponent of national
programs and a supporter of
states having the right to
govern themselves...very vocal
leader from the South,
becomes a national figure up
to the Civil War
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism
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Sectionalism
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Daniel Webster – (MA)
known as a great public
speaker, protected
interests of New England
Henry Clay – (KY) tried to
resolve sectional disputes
through
compromise...later
became known as “The
Great Compromiser”
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

Nationalism & US Supreme Court
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Early 1800s – US Supreme Court strengthened the
national govt’s power
McCulloch v Maryland (1819) – SC said the State of
Maryland could NOT tax a local office of the Bank of
the United States because that would give the state
power over the national govt
Gibbons v Ogden (1824) – SC said that only the
national govt could make laws governing interstate
commerce, NOT the states
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

The Missouri Compromise
(1820)
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South wanted Missouri
admitted as a slave
state...Maine had also
applied for statehood
Compromise developed by
Henry Clay
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1) Missouri joins as a slave
state
2) Maine joins as a free state
3) Slavery was banned in the
rest of the LA Territory north
of the 36° 30’ parallel
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

Foreign Affairs
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Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817) – US &
Britain agreed to limit the number
of warships on the Great Lakes &
remove weapons from the
US/Canada border
Convention of 1818 – set the
boundary b/w the US & Canada
(in the LA Territory) at the 49th
parallel
Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism

Foreign Affairs
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Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) – US gets
Florida from Spain, US gives up claims
to Spanish Texas...US also gets Oregon
Country
Monroe Doctrine (1823) – increased
European involvement in the Americas
leads Pres. Monroe to issue this
statement...says the US will not
interfere with any existing European
colonies in the Americas BUT the US
would oppose any new ones...becomes
a cornerstone of US foreign policy