Civil Rights
• The political, social, and
economic rights of a citizen.
WWII
and Civil Rights
• Better access to good jobs
helped set the stage for the civil
rights movement
Little Rock Nine
• Integrated Central High School
• Elizabeth Eckford- girl that went
on her own
• Marked the 1st time a sitting
president sent federal troops into
the south to enforce the
Constitution since
Reconstruction.
Plessy vs. Ferguson
• The Supreme
Court ruling
allowing
“separate but
equal”
facilities
Brown v. Board of Education
• 80% of
southern whites
opposed the
decision.
• Many Southern
politicians
disobeyed the
ruling.
NAACP
• National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People.
• focused on working through the
court system.
• Initiated a series of court cases
that chipped away at the
“separate but equal” doctrine.
Thurgood Marshall
• Lawyer for
NAACP
• 1st black
Supreme Court
Justice
Orval Faubus
• Governor of
Arkansas
during Little
Rock Nine
integration
Rosa Parks
arrest led to a call
for a boycott of
the
Montgomery
bus system
successful in
keeping most
blacks off the
buses
Bus Boycott
• Resulted in the
emergence of
Dr. Martin
Luther King Jr.
as the leader of
the
Montgomery
Improvement
Association.
Rolling Churches
• Station wagons used to give
protesters rides during the
Montgomery Bus Boycott.
• First leader of the
Montgomery
Improvement
Association
• Ordained Baptist
minister
• adopted many of
his philosophies &
teachings for the
civil rights
movement from
Gandhi
MLK, Jr.
Civil Rights demonstrators in the
1950’s utilized
• boycotts
• non-violent sit-ins
• passive resistance
Boycott
• Not buying or using a product or
dealing with a certain company in
order to exert economic pressure
for change.
Sit-ins
• Nonviolent protests against
restaurants and lunch counters
who refused to serve black
customers.
• Chose Lyndon B. John F. Kennedy
Johnson as his running
mate because Johnson
was a Southern Senator
capable of holding the
white vote from the south.
• Along with RFK, helped
Martin Luther King after
he was arrested for
violating his probation.
Freedom Riders
• The purpose in 1961 was to test
the Supreme Court decision that
ruled that all bus stations and
terminals serving interstate
travelers should be integrated.
James Meredith
• Integrated the
Univ. of
Mississippi
with the help
of federal
troops
Eugene “Bull” Connor
• Police Chief who used fire hoses,
dogs, and cattle prods to
disperse a crowd marching in
Birmingham, Alabama
• After watching television
coverage of the brutal tactics
used against protestors by the
Birmingham police, even
opponents of the civil rights
movement were appalled by the
police violence.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Provided for
the end of
literacy tests
and other
barriers to
voting.
1963 March on Washington
• Participants
hoped to
convince
Congress to
pass civil rights
legislation.
• Location of Dr.
Martin Luther
King’s “I Have a
Dream” speech.
“black power”
• Impatient with the slow progress
of the civil rights movement.
• African American movement that
worked for the economic,
political, and social goals of
blacks, without the help of whites.
Malcolm X
• Outspoken
member of the
Nation of
Islam who
advocated
black
separatism
Stokely Carmichael
• He became the militant leader of
the SNCC
The Watts Riots
• Took place in Los Angeles,
California
The Black Panthers
• Black Power
• Black
nationalism
• Community
development
Emmet Till
• From the Chicago visiting South
• Killed by two white men
• Not Guilty verdict by an all-white
jury
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
• Forbid segregated
theaters.
• Forbid segregated
restaurants.
• Forbid segregated
hotels & motels
• Banned
discrimination in
the selling or
renting of a home.
George Wallace
• Governor who stood in the
doorway at the University of
Alabama
De jure segregation
• Segregation that is imposed by
law.
de facto segregation
• By custom, not by law.
• Example- concentration of urban
African Americans in slum areas