Periodic Table Organization
Investigative Science
Objective: Coloring and Labeling
the Periodic Table
Periodic Table History
• In 1830 there were 55 known elements. A few
were gases. Two elements were liquids and the
rest were metals.
• In 1860 Demitri Mendeleev arranged the
elements in increasing atomic mass order and it
created a repeating pattern of their properties.
He is known as the father of the Periodic Table
• NOTE: He did not put them in increasing atomic
number….Why not?
Arranging the Periodic Table
• The modern Periodic Table is arranged in
increasing order by atomic number.
• Atomic number identifies the element and
determines the properties of the element,
number of protons always stay the same.
• If the number of electrons is different from
protons you have an ion.
• If the number of neutrons is different, then
you have an isotope.
The Key to the Periodic Table
Element Name
Potassium
19
Atomic Number
K
Symbol
Atomic Mass
39.10
0.8
Electronegativity
Atomic number = # Protons (positive particles in an
atom)
# Electrons (negative particles in an atom) = #
Protons…if a neutral atom
To find neutrons in an atom:
Atomic Mass – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons
Step 1: Label Groups/Chemical
families and Periods
•Groups/Chemical Families – Vertical
columns from left to right numbered 1-18.
Elements in the same family have similar
properties.
•Periods – Horizontal rows from top to
bottom are numbered 1-7
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
7
Group A: Representative Elements (The main group), metals and non-metals
Group B: Transitional Elements
1
1
18
2
13 14 15 16 17
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12
4
5
6
7
Groups are the columns of the Table
Periods are the rows of the Table
Step 2: Shade major groups of
Elements
• Shade transition elements a single color
and include in color key
• Shade metals a single color and include in
color key
• Shade nonmetals in a single color and
include in color key
• Shade metalloids/semi-metals and in a
single color and include in color key
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
7
Inner transitional elements
Transitional elements & rare earth
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
These are synthetic elements
7
Metals:
High conductivity, ductile, malleable, high luster
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
These are synthetic elements
7
Non-Metals
No luster, poor conductors, tend to be gases and brittle solids
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
4
5
6
7
Metalloids /Semi-metals
1B 2B
Step 3: Outline Groups/Chemical
Families
• Outline Alkali metals and include in key
• Outline Alkaline Earth metals and include
in key
• Outline Halogens and include in key
• Outline Noble gases and include in key
• Outline Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, and
Oxygen families and include in key
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
7
Group 1A: Alkali Metals
Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7A: Halogens
Group 8A: Noble Gases
1A
1
8A
2A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2
3
3B 4B 5B 6B 7B
8B
1B 2B
4
5
6
7
Group 3A: Boron Family
Group 4A: Carbon Family
Group 5A: Nitrogen Family
Group 6A: Oxygen Family
Let’s Check it….
Take a look at the shading on the next slide.
Let’s review what we just did and make sure
your table is colored correctly.