Bellringer
The storming of the
What is the symbolic beginning of
Bastille
the French Revolution?
To limit the government. It
defines what the
Explain the
of a
government
canpurpose
and cant
do
Constitution.
Christianity, Islam and
Judaism
What are the three monotheistic
religions?
Bellringer
You can overthrow your
What
is the Declaration
government
if it is not of Rights of
taking care ofMan?
you
Peasants and Bourgeoisie,
the middle class.
Who makes up the third estate?
The first and second
estates
could
out vote
the
Why
was the
Estates
General
third. So unfair?
they created the
National Assembly
Bellringer
A document outlining the
What
is the
of Rights of
rights
ofDeclaration
French citizens
Man?
To write a constitution to
limit the government
What is the National Assembly’s
goal?
A strict law code with
harsh punishments. The
Explain
the code of Hammurabi and
first written law code, it
its purpose.
kept order in society
Essential Question
How much power should government have?
The French Revolution
Revolution= Change
French Revolution= Change in France
Brief Overview
Watch this short clip on the French Revolution that we will be covering over the
next week.
2:50
Spreading Discontent
As the ideals of the enlightenment spread, revolutions around the world began.
-American
-French
-later, Latin American
After helping the United States of America become independent, the French
began to demand change.
Revolution= Change
France before the Revolution
Before the Revolution France had three main problems:
-An outdated Social System
-Deficit Spending
-Food Shortages
Anciene Regime (old regime)
French society had
3 Estates:
1st Estate
2nd Estate
3rd Estate
1st Estate- Clergy
.5% of the population
2nd Estate- Nobility
1.5% of the
population
3rd Estate- the people
98% of the population
1st Estate- Clergy
Before the Enlightenment the Church had been the
most powerful force in Europe. It was rich, owned land
and influenced politics, but DID NOT pay taxes
2nd Estate- Nobility
The nobility held high ranking jobs in the government,
military and church and owned most of the land.
Despite holding a majority of the wealth of the nation,
they paid no taxes!
Nobles wanted more power but supported
the king so they wouldn’t have to pay
taxes
3rd Estate- The Masses
The 3rd estate made up 98% of the population
and had a range of diverse groups:
-Bourgeoisie- Middle class
doctors, educators,
merchants and
lawyers.
-Peasants- 9/10 people.
Worked as laborers
or farmers.
Social Unrest
The 3rd Estate resented the privileges of the upper classes.
3rd pays the taxes
at the mercy of the land owning nobles
terrible wages. Ard
minor increase in bread prices could result in
The 3 estate had to pay the
starvation
taxes, but most of them were
poor peasants. So who did the
tax burden really fall upon?
Can you identify each estate?
What is the
author’s
message?
Financial Crisis
For years France was operating through deficit spending- spending more
money than it takes in.
-extravagant parties
at Versailles
-France was fighting
wars throughout Europe
Crisis worsens
Deficit spending wasn’t the only
issue. A crop failure was causing
food prices to soar resulting in
starvation.
Even worse, only the nobles could
hunt and fish, meaning the
peasants were left to starve or
break the law.
The boss: King Louis XVI
King Louis XVI was not really qualified to solve the financial crisis. The only
real solution would have been to cut spending and raise taxes, and start
taxing the 1st and 2nd estate.
The Estates General was a
meeting
of all three Estates
King Louis XVI decided
to raise taxes
on the 3rd estate. This resulted in anger
called
by
the
king
during
times
of
and looting. The King realized he could
Crisis.
Kings did not want to call
no longer handle the
fiscal situation
himself, his chief financial advisor,
the Estates General. Why do you
Jacques Necker suggested he call the
Estates General.
think that is?
Who pays?
If taxes are raised on the 3rd Estate, who really pays?
-Bourgeoisie- Middle class doctors,
educators, merchants and
lawyers.
-Peasants- 9/10 people. Worked as
laborers or farmers.
The Bourgeoisie pay- the middle class. They become angry,
and cause the Revolution. Therefore, the French Revolution
is often called a Middle Class Revolution.
The Cahiers
Reluctantly the king agrees to call the Estates General. But he sends out
cahiers (notebooks) to representatives for each estate to write their
grievances (complaints).
Can you recognize each estate?
“After a girl has served her
master for many years, she
should receive some reward
for her service.”
“Why do my taxes matter?
My brothers and I make up
less an a percent of the
nation. What good are taxes
from us?”
“There needs to be a regular
meeting of the Estates
General to keep the King
balanced.”
What is the Estates General?
The Estates General is a meeting of representatives from the 1st, 2nd and
3rd Estates called by the King. The Kings rarely called the Estates General
because they did not want to weaken their own power.
Typically each
estate has one
vote. How does
this disadvantage
the 3rd Estate?
National Assembly
Spark Notes: National Assembly
The 3rd Estate was angry that they were not meeting with the other two
estates. In response they created the National Assembly to represent
The Estates General is not working because
the desires and needs of the people. Many nobles fed up with the king
the 3 Estates do not have equal say
joined them.
The national Assemblyrddemanded that the King
The 3 Estate (representing most of France)
begin taxing the 1st and 2nd Estates to help
breaks
away
balance the National
Debt. The
Kingand
feelscreates the National
threatened and locks the Assembly meeting
hall.
Assembly
The
join them
Can you identify
theNobles
3 estates?
hoping to secure more
power
Tennis Court Oath
Upon finding the doors locked on June 20th, 1789, the delegates move to
the tennis courts next door. Here they vow to keep meeting until they have
a new constitution for France.
Constitution:
Limits the
government
3:00
Review
“Power tends to corrupt; absolute power corrupts
absolutely.”- Lord Acton
Based on the quotation, what type of government
would Lord Acton most likely support?
1.Dictatorship
2.Absolute monarchy
3.Totalitarian state
4.Representative democracy
Review
John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most
likely to support
1) a return to feudalism in Europe
2) A government ruled by a divine monarchy
3) A society ruled by the Catholic Church
4) The rights of citizens to decide the best form of
government
Review
A primary cause of the French Revolution in 1789 was the
1) Increasing dissatisfaction of the Third Estate
2) Rise to power of Napoleon Bonaparte
3) Actions of Prince Metternich
4) Execution of Louis XVI
Review
The theory of laissez faire capitalism advocates
1) Government control of the economy
2) Noninvolvement of the government in the economy
3) Government regulation of big business
4) Government sponsorship of labor unions
Three Periods of the French
Revolution
The French Revolution lasts for over 10 years! It has three main
phases:
-National Assembly
-The Republic/ Reign of Terror
-The Directory
“Is it a Revolt?”
“No sire, it is a Revolution!”
Storming the Bastille
As the National Assembly works on a
constitution rumors spread that the King will
occupy the city of Paris.
Parisians storm the Bastille, a fortress,
looking to find guns. The Commander
refuses and shoots into the crowd.
After fierce fighting the Parisians take over
the Bastille.
**Symbolic**
The Bastille falls to the people, so the
government can fall to the people
Impact
The storming of the Bastille had a huge impact:
-Symbolic start of the French Revolution
-If the Bastille can fall, so can the King
-Blow to the tyrant king
The Storming of the bastille is the symbolic start
of the French Revolution, the same way the
________________________________ is the
Symbolic start of the American Revolution
The French still celebrate the storming of the
Bastille on July 14th, 1789.
French July 14th= American July 4th
Bastille Day= Independence day
A Nation Divided
Though a revolution had begun, most people still liked the King.
They had a desire to fix the system, but keep the King.
The Revolution looked to Marquis de Lafayette as the leader for the
revolutionary militia, the National Guard.
Lafayette had fought in the American Revolution
along with George Washington. He organized the
militia in response to the Kings troops arriving in
Paris.
They gotta go!!!
While some French people wanted to fix the system, others were
convinced the system had to go and a republic be established.
Symbols of the Revolution
The Revolution adopted the tricolor, a red,
white and blue badge. This was later adopted
as the flag of France.
In addition to the tricolor, many revolutionaries
wore red caps as a symbol of their support.
The National Assembly reacts
The storming of the Bastille and news of peasant uprisings moved the
National Assembly into action.
The Nobles gave up their privileges:
-old manorial dues
-exclusive hunting rights
-special legal status
-exemption from taxation
On August 4th, 1789, the National Assembly
passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Modeled after the American
Declaration of Independence, the
document announces that, “All Men
were born and remain free and
equal in rights.” They enjoy natural
rights “ to liberty, property, security
and resistance to oppression.” All
French men are made equal before
the law.
It insists the government exists to
protect the natural rights of citizens.
Who’s ideas are being
borrowed from to write
the Declaration of the
Rights of Man?
Louis XVI hesitates
King Louis XVI ignores the reforms and continues to
host lavish parties at Versailles
The Queen, Marie Antoinette, was particularly hated
by the people of France. They viewed her as
extravagant and frivolous. She even had a mock
peasant village built at Versailles so she could
“experience” peasant life.
Women March on Versailles
Angry with the slow pace of change, and the continued food shortages,
the women of Paris march to Versailles in October. They demand an
audience with the King, death to the queen and bread.
Tear out her heart, cut off her
head, fry her liver
Lafayette calms the crowd, but the women will not leave until the royal family
moves to Paris, where they can see the plight of the people.
France’s 1st Constitution
In 1791 the National Assembly passed France’s first
constitution. Some of the reforms to this point and in the
constitution are:
•France becomes a limited monarchy
•support free markets by abolishing the guild system
•A Legislative Assembly would be elected and had the
power to make laws, collect taxes and decide
on war.
•Tax paying male citizens could vote
•Church is under State control
Guild:
Medieval organization
of merchants to regulate
prices and quality
The King’s folly
In June 1791, shortly after the constitution is passed,
King Louis attempts to flee France with his family.
Disguised as lesser nobles the family flees towards
Russia. They are discovered and tried as traitors to
France. They are condemned to Death.
Foreign opinion
Monarchs outside of France are
scared. They denounce the
Revolution and crack down on dissent
in their nations
Politicians outside France predict the
French Revolution will not stop at the
constitution.
Dissent:
Disagree with
government or public
actions
Radical Reform
Shortly after the new constitution went into effect inflation caused food
prices to skyrocket. This led to a new round of food shortages.
The sans-culottes, or working class men and women,
began pushing for a republic and a guaranteed
living wage.
The most radical were
called Jacobins.
Sans-culottes:
Revolutionaries
from the lower
classes
Split Directions
The Legislative Assembly was split into three sections:
-The Right- thought reform had gone far enough
-Moderates- Reform was nearly complete
-The Left- Radical reformers who wanted to abolish the monarchy
and continue Reforms
The left won control and attempted to
spread the revolution outside of France to
end all tyranny
French Republic
Radicals created the National Convention, a legislative body. The convention
extended suffrage, the right to vote, to all male citizens, not just property
owners.
The National Convention created the Committee of Public Safety to spread
the Revolution
Committee of Public Safety
The committee prepared the nation for war:
Young men shall go to battle.
Married men shall forge arms
and transport provisions.
Women shall make tents and
clothing and serve in hospitals.
Children will make lint from
old linen. And old men shall be
brought to public places to
arouse the courage of soldiers.
The Committee of Public
Safety forcibly brought the
revolution to neighboring
countries through war!
French forces developed new tactics to win battles with ill-trained but
patriotic forces. Soon France had overrun its enemies and was pushing
into new nations, spreading “Freedom Fever”.
Reign Of Terror
Led by Maximilien Robespierre, the republic
ruthlessly killed its opponents using the guillotine.
From July 1793 to July 1794, nearly 40,000 people
were convicted and executed. Most were peasants
involved in riots against the republic. Many were
victims of false accusations and mistaken identity.
According to Robespierre,
“Liberty cannot be secured
unless criminals lose their
heads!”
Fearing for their lives, the
Republic Convention turned on
the committee and Robespierre
and his radicals were executed.
Reign Of Terror
The Reign of Terror symbolically
begins with the death of King Louis XVI
The Reign of Terror symbolically ends
with the death of Robespierre.
Guillotine Movie
As you watch the video answer the
questions on the worksheet.
The Directory
In reaction to the Reign of Terror, the moderates gained
power. They created the Directory, set up the 3rd
constitution in 6 years, and set up a 2 house legislature
elected by male citizens of property.
Unfortunately the Directory was weak and incapable of
solving the financial and political problems. They turned to
Napoleon Bonaparte to lead them.
Review
What was the socio-political system which existed in
France prior to the Revolution?
1) Democracy
2) Old Regime
3) Totalitarianism
4) Republic
Review
The ________ Estate was a privileged class, containing
high-ranking members of the Church.
1) First
2) Second
3) Third
4) Fourth
Review
The Committee of Public Safety guillotined thousands
during the __________________, July 1793- July
1794.
1) Battle of Waterloo
2) Franco-Prussian War
3) National Assembly
4) Reign of Terror
First 10 years of Revolution
Good
-French people united
under Nationalism
-Middle Class
(Bourgeousie) gained a say
in government
Bad
-French people still starving
-After 3 different
governments, France again
gives power to one man
-War with several European
-”La Marseillaise” becomes nations
national anthem
La Marseillaise
“Come, children of the fatherland,
The glorious day has arrived.
Against us the bloody banner
Of tyranny is raised.
To arms, citizens!
Join the battalions.
Let us march, let us march!”
Rise to Power
Napoleon started as a young Lieutenant in the
militia. He was Selected by the Directory to lead the
nation in 1799, he quickly replaced the government
with a three man consulate, led by Napoleon
himself.
Within 6 years he had accumulated enough power
and support to take the title Emperor of France.
Why did the artist paint Napoleon with a
laurel leaf crown?
It is a connection to Ancient
Roman emperors.
Popularity
Not only did Napoleon hold plebiscites to maintain public support but
his slogan of “Order, Security and Efficiency” was widely supported.
Why?
Order- after years of reform and chaos, the people were
ready for stability.
Security- After the Reign of Terror the French people wanted
safety and to live without fear.
Efficiency- The French people wanted a competent leader
who could make decisions quickly and to the benefit
of the people.
Napoleon’s Dream
Napoleon used French Nationalism to
lead his armies to victory throughout
Europe
However, Nationalism also worked
against the French. The people of the
conquered nations united and saw the
French as an oppressing foreign force.
“We’re not French, We are Spanish!”
Nationalism:
Pride and devotion to one’s
nation. (share common
language, history, and beliefs)
Spain Resists
The Spanish resisted French control, and Napoleon
resorted to harsh measures to maintain control
The Spanish patriots waged
Guerilla warfare (hit and run
raids) against the French.
This kept French troops busy in
Spain, when they were needed
elsewhere.
Napoleon invades Russia
Despite revolts in the Empire, Napoleon invades Russia.
However, the Russians avoided direct battle
with the French and adopted a policy of
“Scorched Earth”.
As the Russians retreated to the East they
burned crops, buildings, supplies and
resources to prevent French use.
Scorched Earth:
Russia’s policy of burning
resources to prevent use by
invading forces
Napoleon’s downfall
After failing to take Russia, Napoleon is
forced to abdicate. He is exiled to the
island of Elba
Napoleon escapes and returns to France,
where many soldiers and French citizens
support his return.
However, at the battle of Waterloo, just
100 days after his return, Napoleon is
again defeated. He is sent to the island of
St. Helena where he later dies.
Abdicate: Give up
power
Review
The peasants were starving
Describe
the
situation
in
and
forced to
pay
high taxes
for the king’s
andFrench
France
priorwars
to the
parties Revolution
The outdated social system (1st:
clergy, 2nd: Nobles, 3rd: peasants/
What was the anciene
bourgeoisie)
regime and what was the
The 1st and 2nd estates owned
problem with it?
everything but paid no taxes.
They also had gov’t power
Leader of the Committee of
Who is Maximilien
Public Safety
Robespierre and what is his
He used the
guillotine to kill
legacy?
thousands of “traitors”
Storming of the Bastille
What is the symbolic start
Ifof
the
people
can take down
the
revolution?
Why?
the Bastille, they can take
down the government
Napoleon’s Impact
Napoleon took away many of the reforms of the revolution, but he left
a lasting legacy:
1) Napoleonic Code- set of laws inspired by the revolution
2) France’s government was centralized with a constitution
3) Many more citizens have the right to own property and
access education, and choose their own career.
4) While he failed to create a French empire, he spread
revolutionist ideas and sparked Nationalist feelings
across Europe.
Post Napoleon Europe
European leaders met at the Congress of Vienna to restore order and
stability to Europe after 25 years of war.
The main players were:
Prince Clemons Von Metternich (Austria)
Czar Alexander I (Russia)
Lord Robert Castleragh (Britain)
The Congress of Vienna
The Chief goal of the congress was to create a lasting peace by establishing
a power balance and protecting monarchies. They accomplished this by:
1) Redrew the map of Europe and surrounded France with strong nations
to keep the French contained.
2) The congress promoted the idea of legitimacy- they replaced rightful
heirs on the thrones of Europe. In France, King Louis XVIII regained the
throne
3) The Concert of Europe- a peace keeping
organization that included all the major
European powers. They pledged to keep
power balanced and suppress the ideals
of the French Revolution.
Problems
The Congress of Vienna creates peace in Europe for 100 years.
However, they ignored the groups of people they united in the redrawn
boundary lines.
Additionally, ideas from the
French Revolution continued
to spread outside of Europe,
further inspiring revolts in the
Americas.
Review
Nationalism is most likely to develop in an area that has
1)Land suited to agriculture
2) Adequate industry to supply consumer demands
3) A moderate climate with rivers for irrigation
4) Common customs, language and history
Review
A study of revolutions would most likely lead to the
conclusion that pre-Revolutionary governments.
1) are more concerned about human rights than the
governments that replace them
2) refuse to modernize their armed forces with advanced
technology
3) attempt to bring about the separation of government from
religion
4) fail to meet the political and economic needs of their
people
Review
What was the main purpose of the Congress of Vienna?
1) To regain the strength lost by the Catholic Church in
Europe
2) To create a new military plan for European domination
in the Americas
3) To design a military plan to defeat Napoleon
4) To create a balance of power on the European
continent
Review
The French people supported Napoleon Bonaparte
because they hoped he would
1) adopt the ideas of the Protestant Reformation
2) restore Louis XVI to power
3) provide stability for the nation
4) end British control of France
Review
In France, which was a major result of the
French Revolution?
1)the king was restored to unlimited power
2)the clergy dominated government
3)the middle class gained political influence
4)the tax burden was carried by the lower class
Recap French Revolution
French Rev in a nutshell
-Causes: deficit spending,
food shortages, old regime
-3 governments: National
Assembly, Republic (Reign
of Terror), Directory
-The Middle Class gained
political powers
-Napoleon conquered
Europe using Nationalism