ITEC0724
Modern Related Technology on Mobile D.
: Cloud Deployment Model + Migration
and Mobile Cloud Computing
Lecture Notes #2
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Lecture Outline
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Cloud deployment models
Business case
Moving applications to the cloud
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Application attributes
Cloud service attributes
System abstraction
Cloud bursting
Mobile market
Adopting mobile cloud applications
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Cloud Deployment Models (NIST)
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Public clouds
Private clouds
Hybrid clouds
The models by the US National institute of standards and technology (NIST)
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Public Clouds
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Infrastructure is for public use
Own by organization selling cloud
services
Potential advantage
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No risk in infrastructure
Potential disadvantage
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Lack of security
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Key public cloud providers
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Google
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EMC Corporation
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Google Docs, Google App Engine (GAE)
Parent company of VMWare, one of the
leading companies in virtualization
Microsoft Azure Platform
Amazon Web Services (EC2 and S3)
Salesforce.com (force.com)
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Private Clouds
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Basically, it’s a cloud infrastructure set
up, managed, and upgraded by an
organization or community for their own
use (private use)
Potential advantage
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Full control of all resources and
technologies such as security
Potential disadvantage
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Infrastructure cost
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Technology for Private Clouds
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Commercial vendors are entering in this
domain quite fast
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Vmware
Open Source providers are also there
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Eucalyptus, Ubuntu
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Hybrid Clouds
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Combine multiple clouds (private and
public)
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Potential advantage
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Each cloud retains its unique characteristics,
but bound together as a unit
Security and Infrastructure cost
Potential disadvantage
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Policies compliance???, Synchronization???
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Other types of clouds
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Virtual private clouds (VPC)
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Run on top of public cloud
Leverage VPN technology to customize
network topology and security setting
Advantage – infrastructure and security
Example, Amazon Web Services
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Other types of clouds (2)
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Community clouds
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Serve a common function or purpose of
multiple units
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Share common concerns such as mission, policies,
security and regulatory compliances
Units can be within one organization or
multiple organizations
Advantage
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Cost – shared infrastructure cost
Security – higher level of security and privacy
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Business cases
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Dimensions to consider to save cost
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Ongoing operational cost reduction
The value of preserving capital
The value of upsizing on demand
The value of downsizing on demand
The value of agility
The value of reuse
The value of coolness
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Operational Cost Reduction
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Upsize and downsize on demand
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Case Study on Oil & Gas Industry
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The migration use-case of an IT System
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From a company’s in-house data center
To Amazon EC2
System Overview
System Deployed in the Cloud
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Infrastructure costs
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Company C paid £104,000 to Company
B for the system in 2005, £19,200 of
which was for the system’s
infrastructure.
In addition, C paid B £43,000 per year
for system support and maintenance,
£3600 of which is for the running costs
of the system infrastructure.
Over a 5 year period, the total cost of
the system infrastructure is therefore:
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£19,200 + (5 x £3,600) = £37,200
Price Comparision
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Amazon EC2 provides an option of
using either small or large server
instances depending on the amount of
CPU power and RAM required.
In Cloud, 37% cheaper compared to 1
small and 1 large server instance
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Support and Maintenance
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In 2005, 218 Support calls have been made
regarding the operation of the system.
The majority were about software problems.
45 calls were related to the system’s
infrastructure.
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38 calls – backup problems
5 calls – network problems
2 calls – power outages at B
In cloud – 21% eliminated
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Stakeholders’ Impact Analysis
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Stakeholders’ impact analysis is a
method of identifying potential sources
of benefits and risks from the
perspectives of multiple stakeholders.
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The steps to do business case
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Understanding the existing issues
Define value points
Model “as is”
Model “to be”
Assign costs
Define hard benefits and soft benefits
Define risks
Create business case (save cost?)
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Moving applications to the cloud
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Deploy Application to the cloud?
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Entirely or Part of the application is on the local
system and another part is in the cloud
Migration involves
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Functionality Mapping - Identification of
potential benefits associated with migration
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Analysis of critical features of application
Analysis of features supported by cloud provider
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Nature of target cloud platform
Evaluation of supported tools and technologies
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Application attributes
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Attributes to analyze for porting
applications to the cloud
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Application
Availability
Data management
Cost
Maintenance
Security
Scalability
Interfaces
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Application Attributes (2)
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Quality attributes associated with application
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Quality attributes associated with availability
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Fault management, Geographic location, resource pooling,
resource access, reliability, uptime.
Quality attributes associated with scalability
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Abstraction, configuration, interoperability, modularity,
reusability, language support, monitoring support, staffing
requirements, tool support.
Caching, licensing, lifecycle management, load balancing,
replication, resource provisioning
Quality attributes associated with cost
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Development cost, resource cost, staging cost.
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Application Attributes (3)
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Quality attributes associated with data
management
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Quality attributes associated with security
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Access, auditing, authentication, cryptography, identity,
regulations, remote access, security rules, trust
relationships.
Quality attributes associated with
maintenance
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Data exchange, indexing, online/offline access, portability,
query, state, store type, data structures, transactions.
APIs, Configurations, Deployment.
Quality attributes associated with user
interface
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Ease of use, interface features, user interaction.
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Cloud Service Attributes
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Features associated with application
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Accounting schemes, operating system
support, database support, resource pooling
mechanisms, site location, redundancy and
replication, relation management, virtual
machine types, APIs.
Platform features
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Application support, deployment environments,
Internationalization (languages and locale),
programming langue support, testing, API and
command line interfaces.
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Cloud Service Attributes (2)
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Infrastructure features
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Availability, network support, load balancing,
reliability, replication, database support.
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Which cloud types to select?
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System Abstraction
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Target should be able to
provide abstraction of all
required physical resources
through virtualization.
Example, Medical imaging
system
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Cloud Bursting
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Cloud should be able to serve access capacity when
required.
Example, Reservation system
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Following types of application are
more suitable for cloud
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Not mission critical.
Not handling core business operations.
Not dealing with sensitive data.
Can tolerate high network latencies and work on
low network bandwidth.
Following industry standards. E.g. using
standardized tools for object to relational
mappings.
Do not require detailed customization for each
tenant.
Organization involved in porting have full
knowledge of application and its associated
domain.
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Mobile Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing
Mobile
-Need Ubiquitous Apps Mobile
->Performance + Storage Cloud
Computing
- Need ubiquitous Devices
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Mobile Market
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Number of Subscribers
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Challenges in Mobile
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Resources
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Battery life
Storage
Bandwidth
Communication
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Security
mobility
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Adopting Mobile Cloud Applications
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Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC)
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Definition
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“Mobile Cloud Computing at its simplest, refers to an infrastructure where
both the data storage and the data processing happen outside of the mobile
device. Mobile cloud applications move the computing power and data
storage away from mobile phones and into the cloud, bringing applications
and mobile computing to not just smartphone users but a much broader
range of mobile subscribers”. (by the Mobile Cloud Computing Forum)
Briefly, MCC is a model where processing is done in
the cloud, data is stored in the cloud, mobiles
device serves as a presentation platform or a
display
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MCC Architecture
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Advantages of MCC
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Advantage of cloud to mobile
computing
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Thinner devices -> less processing,
consume less power, and have better
battery life
Improving data storage capacity and
processing power
Avoidance of vendor lock-in.
Inherits some advantages of clouds
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Dynamic resource provisioning, Scalability,
Reliability and Multi-tenancy
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What to be when cloud come!
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Less processing power, memory and
storage but needs to be aware of
bandwidth and display resolutions.
Featured phones with light weight
operating systems.
Smart phones with sophisticated
operating systems. e.g., iOS, Android,
Windows Mobile, Symbian.
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Android Market
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Apple iCloud
iCloud
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iCloud Application
iBook
Calendar,
Mail
and Contacts
Documents in
the Cloud
Apps
iCloud
Find My Friends
and Find My
iPhone
iTunes
in the Cloud
Photo Stream
Backup
iPhone Application Hosting by Amazon
Picture from Alexandra Institute
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iAWS Manager
Picture from Alexandra Institute
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Summary
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Application requirements and cloud
features should be carefully analyzed while
migrating applications on cloud.
Quality attributes support by cloud
provider plays a vital role in successful
migrations.
Business dimension of application
migration is as important to consider as
technical aspects.
Mobile leverage cloud in terms of
performance, storage and cloud’s features43
References
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Chapter 1, 14 of Course Book: Cloud
Computing Bible, 2011, Wiley Pub. Inc.
Cloud Migration: A Case Study of
Migrating an Enterprise IT System to IaaS,
Khajeh-Hosseini, A., Greenwood, D.,
Sommerville, I., 2009
Chapter 4-7, 10. 11, 20 of Cloud
Computing and SOA Convergence in your
Enterprise, Linthicum, D., S.
A Survey of Mobile Cloud Computing:
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Architecture, Applications, and Approaches